ASTROCHEMISTRY

NRAO astronomer Anthony Remijan describes a new technique for finding the "fingerprints" of molecules in Orion's gigantic star-forming region using ALMA and the GBT radio telescopes. Credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF, Fortman, et al., NASA/ESA.

Harvard University Professor of astrochemistry Karen Oberg tells us how planets are formed! For a more in-depth look into this process watch #LivingUniverse 2018! TICKETS To watch #LivingUniverse get your tickets here! www.livinguniverse.com.au/tickets SOCIAL MEDIA Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/livinguniver... Twitter: https://twitter.com/livingunivers Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/livingunive...

The discovery of thousands of planets around stars other than our Sun has revived age-old questions on how these exo-planets form and which chemical ingredients are available to build them. Chemistry starts in the cold and tenuous clouds between the stars. In spite of the extremely low temperatures and densities, these clouds contain a surprisingly rich and interesting chemistry, as evidenced by the detection of nearly 200 different molecules. Examples of recent developments in astrochemistry will be presented, with special emphasis on topics that Alex Dalgarno has opened up (i.e., most of astrochemistry!). New facilities such as ALMA and soon JWST will allow us to zoom in on dense cloud cores and planetary system construction sites with unprecedented sharpness and sensitivity. Spectral scans of young disks contain tens of thousands of rotational lines, revealing water and a surprisingly rich variety of organic materials, including simple sugars and high abundances of deuterated species. How are these prebiotic molecules formed and can they end up on new planets? A comparison with recent results from the Rosetta mission to comet 67 P/C-G in our own Solar System provides part of the clue. These recent results leave no doubt on the answer to the famous question asked by Dalgarno in 1986 `Is astrochemistry useful?'.

University of Massachusetts Amherst graduate student Brandt Gaches talks about how complex life-bringing molecules are found in space. From Astronomy on Tap ATX #42, held at The North Door in Austin, Texas on March 20th, 2018.

With the selection of Ariel by ESA, exoplanetary scientists are now looking forward to a data-rich decade with numerous space telescopes coming our way soon. In this video we break down the different missions coming up and some of the differences between them. ::More about this Video:: ► TESS website: https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov ► CHEOPS website: http://cheops.unibe.ch ► JWST website: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov ► WFIRST website: https://wfirst.gsfc.nasa.gov ► PLATO website: http://sci.esa.int/plato/ ► ARIEL website: https://ariel-spacemission.eu ► Mars detection telegrams: http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11448 and http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11449 ► Yi, Chen & Kipping (2018): "Forecasting the detectability of known radial velocity planets with the upcoming CHEOPS mission": https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.05595 ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Astrobiology 2017 - Training School - Sun Kwok

Meredith Staub presents her findings about CH5+, a particularly energetic molecule that is a key link in the chain that creates many common chemicals. She presents a method for computer simulation of CH5+ which will hopefully present clearer picture of the elusive molecule, so that it will be easier to identify.

Robert Simcoe (MIT)

The building blocks of life may not have been created here on Earth but instead inside the icy core of comets. Twitter: @TheSTEMReport Source: https://phys.org/news/2017-04-astrochemistry-life-begun-space.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu

Exploring the First Billion Years with Hubble and Spitzer and the Implications for JWST Garth Illingworth U.C. Santa Cruz

Host: Gary Melnick Speaker: David Neufeld (Johns Hopkins University) Observations at far- and mid-infrared wavelengths provide a wealth of information about the molecular inventory of interstellar gas clouds. Because of the different chemical pathways responsible for their formation and destruction, different molecules probe specific aspects of the interstellar environment. Carefully interpreted, they provide unique information about the molecular fraction, the UV radiation field, the dissipation of energy within the turbulent ISM, and the cosmic-ray density in the Galaxy. This talk will include a general overview of astrochemical probes of the interstellar medium, along with new estimates of a key parameter in astrochemical models: the cosmic-ray ionization rate. Observations at far- and mid-infrared wavelengths provide a wealth of information about the molecular inventory of interstellar gas clouds. Because of the different chemical pathways responsible for their formation and destruction, different molecules probe specific aspects of the interstellar environment. Carefully interpreted, they provide unique information about the molecular fraction, the UV radiation field, the dissipation of energy within the turbulent ISM, and the cosmic-ray density in the Galaxy. This talk will include a general overview of astrochemical probes of the interstellar medium, along with new estimates of a key parameter in astrochemical models: the cosmic-ray ionization rate. Observations at far- and mid-infrared wavelengths provide a wealth of information about the molecular inventory of interstellar gas clouds. Because of the different chemical pathways responsible for their formation and destruction, different molecules probe specific aspects of the interstellar environment. Carefully interpreted, they provide unique information about the molecular fraction, the UV radiation field, the dissipation of energy within the turbulent ISM, and the cosmic-ray density in the Galaxy. This talk will include a general overview of astrochemical probes of the interstellar medium, along with new estimates of a key parameter in astrochemical models: the cosmic-ray ionization rate.

NIKOS PRANTZOS - INSTITUT ASTROPHYSIQUE DE PARIS - FRANCE - SEARCH FOR LIFE: FROM EARLY EARTH TO EXOPLANETS - XII TH RENCONTRES DU VIETNAM - QUY NHON - DECEMBER 2016

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Helen Fraser, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-helen-fraser/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Interview for the EU Space Awareness Career Hub with Anita Dawes, Astrochemist. Link to the interview profile: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/careers/interview/dr-anita-dawes/

Karl Menten (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie)

Chris Carilli (NRAO) James Moran (CFA)

Stars and stellar systems in our Galaxy form within dense (~100,000 H2 molecules per cc) and cold (~10 K) fragments of interstellar molecular clouds, called pre-stellar cores. Important chemical processes take place at this early stage, such as isotope fractionation, production of complex organic molecules and growth of thick icy mantles onto dust grains, where water and organics are stored. These processes can affect later phases of star and planet formation. Molecules are unique tracers of the dynamical and chemical evolution of star and planet forming regions. Thus, astrochemistry is crucial to test theories and shed light on our origins. In this talk I shall review the chemical and physical structure of pre-stellar and protostellar cores, as well as recent work on protoplanetary disks in their earliest phases of evolution. Links to our Solar System will be made. Speaker: Paola Caselli Host: Eric Keto

Joint IAS/PU Astrophysics Colloquium Date: November 1 Speaker: Karin Öberg (Harvard) Title: Chemistry of protoplanetary disks and nascent planets Abstract: Exo-planets are common, and they span a large range of compositions. The origins of this compositional diversity are largely unconstrained. Among planets that are Earth-like, a second question is how often such planets form hospitable to life. A fraction of exo-planets are observed to be ‘physically habitable’, i.e. of the right temperature and bulk composition to sustain a water-based prebiotic chemistry. This does not automatically imply, however, that they are rich in the building blocks of life, in organic molecules of different sizes and kinds, i.e. that they are chemically habitable. In this talk I will argue that characterizing the chemistry of protoplanetary disks, the formation sites of planets, is key to address both the origins of planetary bulk compositions and the likelihood of finding organic matter on planets. The most direct path to constrain the chemistry in disks is to directly observe it. In the age of ALMA it is for the first time possible to image the chemistry of planet formation, to determine locations of disk snowlines, and to map the distributions of different organic molecules. Recent ALMA highlights include constraints on CO snowline locations, the discovery of spectacular chemical ring systems, and first detections of more complex organic molecules. Observations can only provide chemical snapshots, however, and even ALMA is blind to the majority of the chemistry that shapes planet formation. To interpret observations and address the full chemical complexity in disks requires models, both toy models and astrochemical simulations. These models in turn must be informed by laboratory experiments, some of which will be shown in this talk. It is thus only when we combine observational, theoretical and experimental constraints that we can hope to characterize the chemistry of disks, and further, the chemical compositions of nascent. More videos on http://video.ias.edu

The understanding of the early stages of planet formation from a disk of orbiting particles is an ongoing challenge for astrophysics and planetary science. Dr. Marcus will address the importance of instabilities in the particle disk as a link in the planetary formation chain. Without instabilities, gas around a forming protostar remains in orbit, and the final star cannot form; dust grains cannot accumulate to form planets; and the compositions of meteorites cannot be explained. Unfortunately, the Keplerian motion within a disk is assumed by most astrophysicists to be stable by Rayleigh’s theorem because the angular momentum of the disk increases with increasing radius.

Filmed April 2015 Once only accessible to professional observatories and universities, advances in amateur equipment has made the science of spectroscopy available to anyone with an interest and desire. Ben explains the science of spectroscopy and where and how it is used and what we can learn about stars and deep space objects by studying their spectra. Ben will also touch on some of the amateur level equipment that is available to do such kinds of research and observations. Who is Ben Jenkins? BENJAMIN JENKINS is the senior lab coordinator and Associate Director of the observatory for the Department of Physics at the University of West Georgia. He holds a physics degree from University of West Georgia and a Master’s Degree in Physics and Astronomy from Georgia State University. He has been involved with the Charlie Bates Solar Astronomy Project for several years providing hands on solar and spectroscopic outreach. NEAF Talks brings you the best from the annual NEAF Astronomy & Space conference which is held just outside of New York City at the RCC campus of the State University of New York. The Northeast Astronomy Forum is in its 25th year and is a world renowned symposium which annually searches the globe for the most relevant personalities who are making space, science and astronomy history today. Now through NEAF Talks online, these outstanding lectures are available to classrooms, universities, professionals and the world- free of charge. Visit RocklandAstronomy.com\NEAF for more information or to learn how to see NEAF live. NEAF Talks- supporting science and astronomy education for a quarter century, now free to the world via the web. Like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/Northeast-Astronomy-Forum-Space-Expo-504029046447061/

Use a Star Analyser grating and the RSpec spectroscopy software to capture star spectra with a DSLR or telescope.

Bringing Astrochemistry to the Liberal Arts or (the Entirely Expected Virtue of Open-Source Quantum Calculations)

Talk given during Rencontres Exobiologiques pour Doctorants in February 2016 at the Teich. By Hervé Cottin, astrochemist at the Interuniversitary Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA), Université Paris-Est Créteil. Production : Laurence Honnorat, Innovaxiom (http://www.innovaxiom.com/)

Our solar system formed 4.5 billion years ago in an extremely chaotic environment and has evolved significantly over that time. What we see today is an organized inner solar system with four very different terrestrial planets. Join Dr. Anat Shahar and the Carnegie Institution for Science for an exploration of these planets as we try to understand their diversity. By analyzing rocks we can hold in our hands today and conducting experiments in the laboratory, we can probe which processes and conditions the terrestrial planets experienced billions of years ago.

Suitable for teaching 14-16s. Professor Brian Cox demonstrates how the chemical elements are made in the death throes of a dying star. Subscribe for more Physics clips from BBC Teach on Wednesdays when we have them in: http://bit.ly/BBCSubscribeTeach If you found this video helpful, give it a like. Share it with someone. Add the video to your own teaching playlists. Create an account, subscribe to the channel and create playlists for different age groups, sets and syllabuses. ===================== Professor Brian Cox demonstrates how the chemical elements are made in the death throes of a dying star. All 92 elements on Earth, including those that make up our bodies, were formed at the heart of a star. Small stars like our Sun produce the lighter atoms through fusion reactions. Larger stars with heavier cores make the heavier elements up to iron. The rest are forged by exploding supernovae or the deaths of the very largest stars. This clip is from Wonders of the Universe, a series of short films for BBC 2 and BBC Learning Zone where Professor Brian Cox witnesses some of the most breathtaking environments on Earth and reveals how the most fundamental scientific principles and laws explain not only the story of the universe, but the story of us all. For more clips from Stars and Galaxies: http://bit.ly/TeachStars For our Physics playlist: http://bit.ly/BBCTeachPhysics For Class Clips users, the original reference for the clip was p011sm9b. ===================== Teaching Physics? Students could be challenged to describe and explain where all the elements that make up the universe come from. The clip can be used as a starter point for the introduction of nuclear fusion and the life process of stars. This topic will be relevant to GCSE Physics in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and National 3 and 4 in Scotland. ===================== For more clips from other subjects at the BBC Teach YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/bbcteach More from BBC Learning Zone: http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone More resources from BBC Bitesize: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education ===================== Subscribe to create your own customised playlists, and get notified about our latest clips. As we have them, new videos will be uploaded on the following days: Mondays: Biology, Computer Science, Music, Religious Studies Tuesdays: Drama and Performance, English Language, Maths, Physical Education Wednesdays: Languages, Media Studies, Modern Studies and PSHE, Physics Thursdays: Art and Design, Chemistry, Geography, History Fridays: Business Studies, Design and Technology, English Literature

2/12/2016: How do we know the chemical composition of far-distant space material we’ve never sampled or even touched? JWST Deputy Project Scientist for Planetary Science Stefanie Milam helps us understand how stars, comets and other heavenly bodies can be analyzed by the unique chemical fingerprints scientists discern strictly through observation. music: ‘Feel Good (Instrumental)’ by Broke For Free Special thanks to the entire team at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center for hosting our visit, to Bill Ochs, Dr. John Mather, Begoña Vila, Jody Davis and Dr. Stefanie Milam for sharing their time, knowledge and enthusiasm with us, to Laura Betz for managing our time on site, and to  Maggie Masetti for making sure the entire shoot ran smoothly and serving as science consultant. VIDEO CLIPS NASA Hubbles Cosmic Origins Spectrograph https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzLHY... NASA Colliding Comets Hint at Unseen Exoplanet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xi_Pv... NASA The Molecule Dissector - Mass Spectrometry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_L4U6... NASA Developing a Comet Harpoon for Sample Return https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfOF4... NASA IRIS A Slice of Light https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmU6X... An Unusual Planetary System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SL3zl... Swift and Hubble Probe an Asteroid Crash https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qchvg... Neptune and Moons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baN3e... Hubble Telescope Detects Sunscreen Layer on Distant Planet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrHsK... Comet Lovejoy Continues its Course Toward the Sun https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAX6K... NASA | WFIRST: Uncovering the Mysteries of the Universe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HXYg... Chemistry of Space | HowStuffWorks NOW https://youtu.be/ayFzljd1l0Q

Astrobiology, the study of emergence of life and the its distribution in the Universe, addresses the most fundamental questions in science: "How does life begin ?" and "Are we alone ?" Over the last 20 years, we have discovered that planets are bountiful in the galaxy and that one in every five solar-type stars has a planet in the habitable zone. We have learned that extremophiles have spread to essential every niche – even the seemingly most inhospitable ones – on our planet. And we have learned that life started essentially as soon as conditions permitted, within some 200 million of the late heavy bombardment, or perhaps even earlier. This has resulted in a paradigm shift from "Life on Earth is unique" to the premise "life is widespread". As a result, searching for biosignatures in space has taken on a life by itself. In this talk, Dr. Tielens will summarize this shift in our thinking and the global processes that may have influenced the first steps towards life. The focus in this talk will be on astrochemistry – the starting point of astrobiology – the chemical evolution that takes place in space where simple molecules are transformed into complex molecules and complex molecules are broken down to simple ones. This chemical dance of the elements produces a wide variety of organic compounds. I will review the processes that drive this chemical evolution in space, particularly in regions of star and planet formation. The focus will be on understanding the raw materials that are delivered to newly formed planets and their relationship to the building blocks from which prebiotic material was formed and biological systems evolve.

Nanotechnology is a hot topic these days, but people have actually been using nanotech for thousands of years. For example, you can see nanoscale gold dust in the paintings of ancient artists. Today we’re talking with John-David Rocha, Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology. We’ll find out what’s so special about nanomaterials. In the second half of our show we’ll talk about astrochemistry, and how complex molecules can form in the cold depths of space. Host: Brian Koberlein Guest: John-David Rocha Producer: Mark Gillespie Music: Marcus Warner The One Universe at a Time Podcast is produced at the Rochester Institute of Technology with support from the RIT College of Science.

"Astronomical spectroscopy" is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, which radiates from stars and other hot celestial objects. Spectroscopy can be used to derive many properties of distant stars and galaxies, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance, luminosity, and relative motion using Doppler shift measurements. Astronomical spectroscopy is used to measure three major bands of radiation: optical, radio, and X-ray. While all spectroscopy looks at specific areas of the spectrum, different methods are required to acquire the signal depending on the frequency. Ozone and molecular oxygen absorb light with wavelengths under 300 nm, meaning that X-ray and ultraviolet spectroscopy require the use of a satellite telescope or rocket mounted detectors. Radio signals have much longer wavelengths than optical signals, and require the use of antennas or radio dishes. Infrared light is absorbed by atmospheric water and carbon dioxide, so while the equipment is similar to that used in optical spectroscopy, satellites are required to record much of the infrared spectrum. Physicists have been looking at the solar spectrum since Isaac Newton first used a simple prism to observe the refractive properties of light. In the early 1800s Joseph von Fraunhofer used his skills as a glass maker to create very pure prisms, which allowed him to observe 574 dark lines in a seemingly continuous spectrum. Soon after he combined telescope and prism to observe the spectrum of Venus, the Moon, Mars, and various stars such as Betelgeuse; his company continued to manufacture and sell high-quality refracting telescopes based on his original designs until its closure in 1884. Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages. SUBSCRIBE TODAY Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Background Music: "The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library. This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical+spectroscopy, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about them including their luminosity, size, and temperature. The HR diagram plots stars’ luminosity versus temperature, and most stars fall along the main sequence, where they live most of their lives. -- Table of Contents Stars Can Be Categorized Using Their Spectra 1:32 Spectra With Distance Can Identify Luminosity, Size, and Temperature 5:20 The HR Diagram Plots Luminosity vs Temperature 6:33 Most Stars Fall Along the Main Sequence 7:16 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Stars http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/703724main_potw1244a.jpg [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA] Spitzer Spectrum http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA03242 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Leiden/SRON] Sun spectrum https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0600.html [credit: N.A.Sharp, NOAO/NSO/Kitt Peak FTS/AURA/NSF] Annie Jump Cannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon#/media/File:Annie_Jump_Cannon_1922_Portrait.jpg [credit: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper] Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin#/media/File:Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_(1900-1979)_(3).jpg [credit: Smithsonian Institution] OBAFGKM https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0649.html [credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF] Betelgeuse http://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0927e/ [credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin] Sirius https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)] Solar AM0 spectrum with visible spectrum background https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_AM0_spectrum_with_visible_spectrum_background_(en).png [credit: Danmichaelo, Wikimedia Commons] Blue sky http://www.pexels.com/photo/sky-sunny-clouds-cloudy-3768/ [credit: Skitter Photo] Hawaii sunset photo [credit: Phil Plait] Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO_-_Hertzsprung-Russell_Diagram_(by).jpg [credit: ESO]

In order to understand how we study the universe, we need to talk a little bit about light. Light is a form of energy. Its wavelength tells us its energy and color. Spectroscopy allows us to analyze those colors and determine an object’s temperature, density, spin, motion, and chemical composition. Crash Course Chemistry posters are available at DFTBA.com http://www.dftba.com/crashcourse -- Table of Contents Light is a Form of Energy 0:39 Wavelength Tells Us Its Energy and Color 0:59 Spectroscopy 7:28 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Wavelengths http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/educators/gammaraybursts/starchild/Image6.gif [credit: Imagine the Universe! / NASA] Observatories across spectrum http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/science/observatories_across_spectrum_full.jpg [credit: Imagine the Universe! / NASA] Red hot spiral hotplate http://freefoodphotos.com/imagelibrary/cooking/slides/hot_electric_cooker.html [credit: freefoodphotos.com] The Crab Nebula http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula#/media/File:Crab_Nebula.jpg [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University)] Building the Space Telescope Imaging Spectograph http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/gallery/db/spacecraft/18/formats/18_print.jpg [credit: NASA] VST images the Lagoon Nebula http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon_Nebula#/media/File:VST_images_the_Lagoon_Nebula.jpg [credit: ESO/VPHAS+ team] Jupiter http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/414987main_pia09339.jpg [credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute] Venus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Venus#/media/File:Venuspioneeruv.jpg [credit: NASA - NSSDC Photo Gallery Venus] Ring Around SN 1987a, image 1 http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9714e/ [credit: Jason Pun (NOAO) and SINS Collaboration] Ring Around SN 1987a, image 2 http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9714a/ [credit: George Sonneborn (GSFC) and NASA/ESA]

by Estefania Lopez Marne JIPI 2 Session IV. Elementary, PreDoc. Watson... it’s GATTACA Complex phenomena and biophysics

Daniel P. Marrone (University of Arizona)

Interstellar dust grains - small sub-micron-sized particles that pollute the space between the stars - play an important role in the chemistry of the galaxy as well as the star and planet formation process. We glean most information about dust composition in the interstellar medium from infrared spectroscopy. The vibration of molecules making up the dust cause light from a background star to be absorbed at very specific frequencies in the infrared portion of the spectrum. Dust originates in the outflows of old stars and is composed mainly of silicate minerals and carbon particles. In star formation regions, the silicate grains are covered with icy mantles. I will give an overview of the nature of these dust and ice components, with emphasis on our current understanding of the cosmic life cycle of these materials.

Water Chemistry in the Interstellar Medium Prof Dr Ewine van Dishoeck A.L.M. (Thanja) Lamberts (MSc) Leiden University ICMS Animation Studio http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/WISH/

Astronomer Mike Barlow (UCL Physics & Astronomy) discusses his team's latest findings: the first ever discovery of a noble gas molecule in space. Observing the Crab Nebula using the Herschel Space Observatory (an infrared space telescope partly built by UCL), his group discovered the chemical fingerprint of rotating molecules of electrically charged argon hydride.