The most energetic phenomena in our Universe
Welcome to my channel! I'm Dr Maggie Lieu and I make youtube videos about space & astronomy. In this weeks video, I'll be talking about the most energetic events in our Universe. Extra reading:
GRB080916C, Fermi Collaboration: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/rapidpdf/1169101.pdf
Ophiuchus cluster AGN outburst, Giacintucci+2020: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.01291 Media credits:
Solo: ESA/SOLO/ATG
solarflare: ESA
supernova: hubble
Milkyway: NASA/ESA/Holwerda If you enjoyed the video, please help me by liking, sharing and subscribing! I'm also on:
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Cosmic Ray Neutrinos Traced Back to Source - SpaceTime with Stuart Gary S21E56 | Astronomy Podcast
The world’s premier astronomy and space science podcast.
*Cosmic ray neutrinos traced back to their source for the first time
A new study has identified a distant supermassive black hole called a blazar as the source of mysterious high energy cosmic ray neutrinos bombarding the Earth. Youtube video URL: http://spacetimewithstuartgary.tumblr.com/post/175869126603 *Black Beauty expands the window for when life might have existed on Mars
A new study of a Martian meteorite claims the red planet cooled down extremely rapidly – developing a crust 4.547 billion years ago -- just 20 million years after the creation of the solar system. *First detailed maps of Pluto and Charon
Astronomers have published the first global and topographic maps of Pluto and Charon. *Two undetected asteroids speed past the Earth
Planet Earth has had another near miss as two asteroids coming from different directions sped past the planet over the weekend before anyone even knew they were there. *The Science Report
The world's first blood test capable of detecting melanoma in its early stages.
Coral reefs may be unable to grow fast enough to keep up with rising sea levels.
CRISPER-Cas 9 may be a lot less accurate than previously thought.
Archaeologists uncover stunning mosaics decorating an ancient temple floor.
Alex on tech looks at VR for seniors For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes
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The Hunt for the First Neutrinos in the Universe | Cosmic Neutrino Background
The Cosmic Microwave Background shows us the oldest light in the universe, but to really understand the early universe we need something even older: The Cosmic Neutrino Background. Host: Reid Reimers For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/
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Sources:
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/580/1/012040/pdf
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/09/cosmic-neutrinos-detected-confirming-the-big-bangs-last-great-prediction/#1677c0ee30c7
https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/09/signs-of-neutrinos-from-the-dawn-of-time-less-than-a-second-after-the-big-bang/
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.011305
http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/89-news2005/794-ripples-in-cosmic-neutrino-background-measured-for-the-first-time
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/58929/1/1.4915587.pdf
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/07/f24/The%20Princeton%20Tritium%20Observatory%20for%20Light%2C%20Early%20Universe%2C%20Massive%20Neutrino%20Yield%20%28PTOLEMY%29.pdf
http://inspirehep.net/record/1607470/files/PoS(NOW2016)092.pdf
https://www.princeton.edu/news/2016/03/14/hunt-big-bang-neutrinos-may-provide-fresh-insight-origin-universe
http://s3.amazonaws.com/sf-web-assets-prod/wp-content/migration/sf/report2015/stories/ptolemy.html
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Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilc_9yr_moll4096.png
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130325.html
https://images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e000125.html
Why Scientists Tracked One Neutrino Across the Universe
Last week scientists announced that they’ve likely identified the very first astrophysical source of high-energy neutrinos. Host: Hank Green For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/
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Sources:
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/361/6398/eaat1378
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/147
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/nion-sth071218.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/uoha-hth071218.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/uou-vsc071118.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/uol-uol071018.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/tuom-bac071018.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/uom-inp070918.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/ded-bit070818.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/ps-neo070618.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/mpif-mtt070618.php
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Images:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12994
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2016/ace-cosmic-ray
https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/175508.php
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Icecube-architecture-diagram2009.PNG
https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/175171.php
Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM)
Meet Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM), an experiment designed to provide an unprecedented look at cosmic ray particles approaching energies of 1,000 trillion electron volts (1 PeV). ISS-CREAM detects these particles when they slam into the matter making up its instruments. They can distinguish electrons, protons and atomic nuclei as massive as iron as they crash through the detector stack. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center This video is public domain and may be downloaded at: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12679 Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/new-mission-going-to-the-space-station-to-explore-mysteries-of-cosmic-rain
ScienceCasts: The Mystery of High-Energy Cosmic Rays
Visit http://science.nasa.gov/ for more. The cosmic ray detector known as CREAM is headed for the International Space Station, with a goal of measuring the highest energy possible for direct measurement of high-energy cosmic rays. New Mission Going to the Space Station to Explore Mysteries of 'Cosmic Rain':
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/new-mission-going-to-the-space-station-to-explore-mysteries-of-cosmic-rain
Deep Space Cosmic Radiation
Subscribe to Naked Science – http://goo.gl/wpc2Q1 During spaceflight we encounter the most deadly enemy of them all, radiation. Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System. Naked Science discovers the challenges humankind will have to overcome to journey to distant stars. One day we may face no choice but to leave Earth, forced by an ice age, pollution, or a meteorite, to find a new home elsewhere in the galaxy. The difficulties are daunting, humans evolved to live on Earth, not in space. Clip taken from the Naked Science documentary “Spacemen”. Watch it here – http://youtu.be/iufM_-aKxDM
Cosmic rays' impact on phones
Subatomic particles with a charge can mess with your phone's circuitry. Learn more about this story at www.newsy.com/67207/ Find more videos like this at www.newsy.com Follow Newsy on Facebook: www.facebook.com/newsyvideos
Follow Newsy on Twitter: www.twitter.com/newsyvideos
How Cosmic Rays Make Astronauts See Stars
Some astronauts have reported the same specific symptoms: they see mysterious flashes of light out of the corner of their eyes. What causes those bizarre phenomena, and how does it affect astronauts? Learn more about Cherenkov Radiation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Kf2f_9MfPc Want more SciShow in person? We'll be at NerdCon: Nerdfighteria in Boston on February 25th and 26th! For more information, go to http://www.nerdconnerdfighteria.com/ Hosted by: Reid Reimers ----------
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Sources:
https://futurism.com/seeing-cosmic-rays-2/
http://www.nature.com/news/cosmic-rays-originate-from-supernova-shockwaves-1.12436
http://www.space.com/32644-cosmic-rays.html
http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/ask/q525.html
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/cherenkov.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v230/n5295/abs/230522a0.html
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1730913
http://www.space.com/33948-van-allen-radiation-belts.html
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(06)70695-7/abstract
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00417-002-0489-4
http://people.roma2.infn.it/~morselli/A58Sileye.pdf
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19720018401.pdf
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/137.html Image Sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crshower2_nasa.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Allen_Belts.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cherenkov_radiation#/media/File:RA6cab.jpg
NASA | Fermi Proves Supernova Remnants Produce Cosmic Rays
A new study using observations from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals the first clear-cut evidence that the expanding debris of exploded stars produces some of the fastest-moving matter in the universe. This discovery is a major step toward meeting one of Fermi's primary mission goals. Cosmic rays are subatomic particles that move through space at nearly the speed of light. About 90 percent of them are protons, with the remainder consisting of electrons and atomic nuclei. In their journey across the galaxy, the electrically charged particles become deflected by magnetic fields. This scrambles their paths and makes it impossible to trace their origins directly. Through a variety of mechanisms, these speedy particles can lead to the emission of gamma rays, the most powerful form of light and a signal that travels to us directly from its sources. Two supernova remnants, known as IC 443 and W44, are expanding into cold, dense clouds of interstellar gas. This material emits gamma rays when struck by high-speed particles escaping the remnants. Scientists have been unable to ascertain which particle is responsible for this emission because cosmic-ray protons and electrons give rise to gamma rays with similar energies. Now, after analyzing four years of data, Fermi scientists see a gamma-ray feature from both remnants that, like a fingerprint, proves the culprits are protons. When cosmic-ray protons smash into normal protons, they produce a short-lived particle called a neutral pion. The pion quickly decays into a pair of gamma rays. This emission falls within a specific band of energies associated with the rest mass of the neutral pion, and it declines steeply toward lower energies. Detecting this low-end cutoff is clear proof that the gamma rays arise from decaying pions formed by protons accelerated within the supernova remnants. This video is public domain and can be downloaded at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?11209 Like our videos? Subscribe to NASA's Goddard Shorts HD podcast:
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/iTunes/f0004_index.html Or find NASA Goddard Space Flight Center on Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC Or find us on Twitter:
http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard
What are cosmic rays?
Dr J (Dr Jasmina) is an astronomer and lecturer at the School of Physics and Astronomy explains the connection between cosmic rays, the most energetic particles in the Universe, and supernova remnants (SNRs). Supernova remnants are very likely responsible for creating lower-energy cosmic rays. Active Galactive Nuclei (ie, massive black holes in the centre of active galaxies) are also linked to cosmic rays with higher energies. Image credits (in order of appearance) and extra info: Cosmic ray shower, artist's impression. Credit: ASPERA network The magnetic field along the Galactic plane. Credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration. Acknowledgment: M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, CNRS – Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-XI, Orsay, France
http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2014/12/The_magnetic_field_along_the_Galactic_plane Supernova 1987A before and after. Credit: Australian Astronomical Observatory
http://oldweb.aao.gov.au/images/captions/aat050.html SNR Cassiopeia A. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/STScI; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Steward/O.Krause et al.
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/casa/ Kepler SNR. Credit: NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_219.html SNR N49. Credit: X-ray: (NASA/CXC/Penn State/S.Park et al.); Optical: NASA/STScI/UIUC/Y.H.Chu & R.Williams et al
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2010/n49/ SNR E0102-72. Credit: X-ray (NASA/CXC/SAO); optical (NASA/HST); radio: (ACTA) Cygnus loop SNR (Veil nebula) in ultraviolet. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech SNR B0509-67.5 Credit: Chandra, NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), and NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Hughes SN1006 in X-rays. Credit: Koyama et al., Nature, 378, 255, 1995
http://www-cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/research/xray/xray-e.html#SN1006
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/objects/heapow/archive/nebulae/asca_sn1006.html
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/satellites/archive/asca_sn1006.html VERITAS TeV gamma-ray count map of the region around Tycho's SNR, overlaid with X-ray emission from the SNR (black contours) and showing surrounding molecular clouds (magenta lines). Credit: Acciari et al., the Astrophysical Journal 730, L20, 2011
http://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/veritas-science/veritas-results-mainmenu-72/271-could-we-put-in-a-journal-reference-here- How to make a Cloud Chamber (Cosmic Ray Detector)
https://youtu.be/_qbYvZ-Op4M Mars with thicker atmosphere in the past and with the current, thinner atmosphere. Credit: NASA/GSFC
http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/wetmars_drymars.jpg Mars rover Curiosity. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/radiationdetectors/rad/
http://www.sci-news.com/space/science-mars-radiation-measurements-surface-01629.html What are AGNs?
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/active_galaxies2.html
Cosmic Rays | cbse class 12 physics | JEE Main and Advanced physics | +2 physics
Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System. Upon impact with the Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays can produce showers of secondary particles that sometimes reach the surface. Composed primarily of high-energy protons and atomic nuclei, they are of mysterious origin.
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Professor Alan Watson Presents an Introduction to Cosmic Rays
Professor Alan Watson explains cosmic rays to the IRIS Student Advisory Board as part of the earthquake forecasting brainstorm.
Ellen Zweibel - The basics for cosmic ray feedback: Written on the wind
Heidelberg Joint Astronomical Colloquium. 25 October 2016. Ellen Zweibel (University of Wisconsin-Maddison) "The basics for cosmic ray feedback: Written on the wind"
Space Weather and Cosmic Rays impacts on Satellites WG9 anouncement by Y. Shopov
Group 9 Space Weather and Cosmic Rays impacts on Satellites anouncement by its Moderator Yavor Shopov (Университетски център за Космически изследвания и технологии на Физическия факултет на Софийския Университет "Св. Климент Охридски") at The 4th Unisec–Global Meeting, October 18, 2016 – October 23, 2016
Discovery Of Cosmic Rays | Inventions & Discoveries | Educational Videos For Children
Watch and know what are 'Cosmic Rays' and their fascinating discovery story only on Quixot Kids Story.
Cosmic Rays are a highly energetic atomic nucleus or other particle traveling through space at a speed approaching that of light. Quixot Kids Story brings to you historical, scientific and invention stories for you to learn about inventions and discoveries in a fun way.
These scientific stories include great animation for you to understand the science and discoveries better. For Mythological Stories, click here - https://goo.gl/KsXfQH And Subscribe our Channel for More such Funny Tales! Click Here To Subscribe - https://goo.gl/z6aRqh For More Such Funny Stories - https://goo.gl/9klZ2i Like us on Facebook : https://goo.gl/si3DBn
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Does Radiation Make Air Travel Dangerous?
Radiation is all around us, and when you travel by plane, you’re exposed to cosmic radiation. So what does this mean for our health? Does air travel expose us to unsafe radiation levels? Check out this episode to see how flying among cosmic rays affect us in the sky. Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
http://srag.jsc.nasa.gov/spaceradiation/What/What.cfm
http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/sources.html
https://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/commercialflights.html
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aircrew/cosmicionizingradiation.html
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=20034825&View=f&
https://hps.org/documents/radiationinperspectiverev4.pdf
https://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/RadiationTerms.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152359/
http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/radiation-and-health/radiation-and-life.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24932535
Classroom Aid - Cosmic Rays
Text: http://howfarawayisit.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Elemetary-Particles.pdf Credits and Research: http://howfarawayisit.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/credits.pdf
Christoph Pfrommer: How cosmic rays shape galaxies.
Heidelberg Joint Astronomical Colloquium. 26 July 2016. Christoph Pfrommer (HITS, Heidelberg) "How cosmic rays shape galaxies"
Cosmic Rays 1- Ellen Zweibel
Computational Plasma Astrophysics: July 26, 2016
Prospects in Theoretical Physics is an intensive two-week summer program typically designed for graduate students and postdoctoral scholars considering a career in theoretical physics (for 2014 only the program was one week in length). First held by the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in the summer of 2002, the PiTP program is designed to provide lectures and informal sessions on the latest advances and open questions in various areas of theoretical physics. One of the goals of the program is to help the physics community train the next generation of scholars in theoretical physics. A special effort is made to reach out to women and minorities, as well as to graduate students in small universities who typically do not have the same opportunities and access to leaders in the field as graduate students in large research institutions. Prospects in Theoretical Physics builds on the strong relationship of the research groups at the Institute and Princeton University, and many faculty members from the physics departments at both institutions are actively involved in the program together with scientists from neighboring institutions. More videos on http://video.ias.edu