COSMOLOGY

NOTE: We apologize for the video occasionally freezing during this episode. There were technical/internet issues that were beyond our control. This week on Space Radio: ► Astronomers Reevaluate the Age of the Universe [https://www.space.com/universe-age-14-billion-years-old] ► Properties of Dark Matter; ► How was the Milky Way created? ► What happens if you run the Universe "backwards"? ► … and more. Join the show recording every Thursday at 8pm ET by leaving a voicemail at www.SpaceRadioShow.com. Support the show on Patreon. Follow on Twitter | Facebook | Instagram | YouTube. Justin G, Matthew K, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Neuterdude, Nate H, Andrew F, Naila, Aaron S, Scott M, Rob H, David B, Frank T, Tim R, Alex P, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Steve P, Dave L, Chuck C, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, lothian53 , COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Debra S, Alberto M, Matt C, Ron S, Stephen J, Joe R, Jeremy K, David P, Norm Z, Ulfert B, Robert B, Fr. Bruce W, Catherine R, Nicolai B, Sean M, Edward K, Callan R, Darren W, JJ_Holy, Tracy F, Tom, Sarah K, Bill H, Steven S, Jens O, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Brianna V, Becky L, Colin B, Arthur, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Jim L, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, Joshua, David W, Aissa F, Tom G, and Marc H. Produced by Nancy Graziano. Cheese for today’s tasting proudly provided by Dom’s Cheese Shop. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist and the one and only Agent to the Stars.

“Space is big,” wrote Douglas Adams, and he wasn’t kidding. Familiar units of distance, like miles and kilometers, quickly become too unwieldy to use in cosmic discussions. After all, we don’t say the Empire State Building stretches 17,448 inches or describe a bacterium as measuring 0.000001 meter. Instead of ending up with similar “astronomical” figures, scientists use units like light-years, parsecs, and astronomical units to help make sense of it all. Just to get to the Moon, on average, it’s 239,000 miles (384,400 kilometers) — and that’s practically our next-door neighbor. It’s a lot farther than people think! The Sun lies some 93 million miles (150 million km) away, an expanse so large, it forms the basis of our first new unit of distance, conveniently named an astronomical unit, or AU. Astronomers often use this unit to describe distances within solar systems, between planets or companion stars. But even something as big as an astronomical unit isn’t enough for the hugeness of space. The nearest star to us, other than the Sun, is Proxima Centauri, likely part of the Alpha Centauri system. It’s about 267,000 AU away, so astronomers often turn to another unit of measurement: the light-year. This is the distance that light travels in a vacuum for one year: about 6 trillion miles (9 trillion km), or 63,000 AU. Thus, the distance to Proxima Centauri is also 4.22 light-years. In this episode of Infinity & Beyond, join host Abigail Bollenbach as she puts cosmic distances into perspective. Stay up-to-date on the latest space and astronomy news at https://astronomy.com/news. And make sure to follow us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMag...), Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.m...), and Twitter (https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag).

Get 20% of a premium subscription to Brilliant when you're one of the first 200 people to sign up at http://www.brilliant.org/answerswithjoe The Big Bang has been the accepted theory about the beginning of the universe for so long, you might think we've worked out all the kinks in it. But there are several issues with the Big Bang Theory, which has caused some cosmologists to turn to alternative ideas. The Ekpyrotic Universe, based on string theory, is one of those ideas. And it's super weird. Want to support the channel? Here's how: Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/answerswithjoe Channel Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-2YHgc363EdcusLIBbgxzg/join T-Shirts & Merch: http://www.answerswithjoe.com/store Join me on the Our Ludicrous Future Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvUf_yOU_swE6PtOuv2yBqg Interested in getting a Tesla? Use my referral link and get discounts and perks: https://ts.la/joe74700 Follow me at all my places! Instagram: https://instagram.com/answerswithjoe Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/answerswithjoe Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/answerswithjoe Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/answerswithjoe

This episode is a segment that we did in the Weekly Space Hangout talking about how astronomers are using masers (water lasers) to measure the expansion rate of the Universe. You'd think that another, independent way to measure the expansion rate of the Universe would be helpful, but it's only deepened the mystery of the cosmological crisis. Subscribe to the Weekly Space Hangout https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg Watch this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzO-QhBFz04 Thumbnail credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser Want to see this video early? Join our community at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday Our Book is out! https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/ Astronomy Cast: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at https://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected]

Join the Museum’s Director of Astrovisualization Carter Emmart and astrophysicist Jackie Faherty on a virtual field trip to the edge of the observable universe and discover how scientists are mapping space. Explore space from the safety of your couch with our playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrfcruGtplwG5sRg8FEVZRa8pOVQ8cUz_ How do we calculate the distances of stars far outside our solar system? And galaxies well beyond our Milky Way? How much of the sky has been charted and how might we fill in the gaps? The American Museum of Natural History’s Digital Universe Atlas leverages data from dozens of agencies and universities worldwide to create a digital 3D atlas of the cosmos. #LearnWithMe #Planetarium #Astrophysics #BigData #Universe *** Subscribe to our channel: http://youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=amnhorg Check out our full video catalog: http://www.youtube.com/user/AMNHorg Facebook: http://fb.com/naturalhistory Twitter: http://twitter.com/amnh Tumblr: http://amnhnyc.tumblr.com/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/amnh © American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY

Prof. Sir Martin Rees (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge) Title: Progress and frustration in Cosmology Abstract: It is gratifying that some of the key numbers describing our Universe have been measured to a precision of a few percent. We are learning about the emergence and properties of galaxies, stars, planets and life -- and how this chain of events depended on these numbers. These advances have sharpened up new mysteries. Some of these will be clarified by new observations; others, such as the overall scale of the universe (and whether we inhabit a multiverse) are likely to prove frustratingly intractable.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://pbsspacetime.com/ Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Conformal Cyclic Cosmology is a story of the origin and the end of our universe from great mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose. It’s goes like this: the infinitely far future, when the universe has expanded exponentially to to an unthinkably large size, and every black hole and particle has decayed into faint radiation .... that infinite stretch of space and time is identically the SAME THING as the infinitesimal and instantaneous big bang of a new universe, and our universe is just one in an endless chain. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber #space #astrophysics #universe Previous Episodes Discussed Geometry of Causality - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo Higgs Mechanism - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kixAljyfdqU Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Supporters Alexander Tamas Caed Aldwych David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Justin Lloyd Morgan Hough Radu Negulescu Quasar Supporters Carson Kahn Christina Oegren Mark Heising Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters william bryan chuck zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Hank S John Hofmann John Pollock John R. Slavik Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Julian Tyacke Mathew Matthew O'Connor Syed Ansar Timothy McCulloch Gamma Ray Burst Supporters A G Adrian Hatch AlecZero Andreas Nautsch Andrew Richmond Bleys Goodson Bradley Jenkins Brandon labonte Brandon Lattin Brian Blanchard Bruce B Cass Costello Craig Stonaha Dan Warren Daniel Lyons Darryl J Lyle David Bethala David Hughes Dawn M Fink Devon Rosenthal DFaulk Eric Kiebler Frederic Simon Geoffrey Short Graydon Goss Greg Smith Isaac Suttell Ismael Montecel jechamt John Funai John Griffith John Robinson Josh Thomas Justin Waters Kevin Lee Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer M D Malte Ubl Mark Daniel Cohen Michael Conroy Mikhail Klakotskiy Mirik Gogri Nick Virtue Nick Wright Nickolas Andrew Freeman Oliver Flanagan Patrick Sutton Paul Rose Protius Protius Rainwalker Winterpainter Richard Deighton Robert Ilardi Robert Walter Scott Gossett Sean Warniaha Shane Calimlim Simon Oliphant Tatiana Vorovchenko Tim Stephani Tonyface Tybie Fitzhugh Yannick Weyns Yurii Konovaliuk

Astronomers looking farther back in time than ever before are giving us a better idea of what the early universe must have been like, and we've identified another of the mysterious ultraluminous X-ray pulsars. Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Kevin Bealer, Jacob, Katie Marie Magnone, D.A. Noe, Charles Southerland, Eric Jensen, Christopher R Boucher, Alex Hackman, Matt Curls, Adam Brainard, Scott Satovsky Jr, Sam Buck, Ron Kakar, Chris Peters, Kevin Carpentier, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Sam Lutfi, Charles George, Christoph Schwanke, Greg ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/P/Population+III https://kipac.stanford.edu/highlights/population-iii-stars-universes-ultimate-reclusive-pop-stars https://aas.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/bhatawdekar_aas236.pdf. https://sci.esa.int/web/hubble/-/hubble-makes-surprising-find-in-the-early-universe-2010 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/486/3/3805/5420745 https://www.haystack.mit.edu/ast/science/epoch/ https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Small+Magellanic+Cloud https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/ras-uxs060320.php https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2005/19/aa2408-04.pdf, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1041 Images: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Well_known_stars_2.png https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10128 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10861 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20314 http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/video-audio/1733-ssc2020-05v1-Spitzer-Space-Telescope-Beauty-Pass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paranal_Platform_After_Sunset_(ESO).jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30685 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magellanic_Clouds_%E2%80%95_Irregular_Dwarf_Galaxies.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11567 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Astrosat-1_in_deployed_configuration.png https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13058 https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/multimedia/photos/2003/photos03-080.html

In a special live webcast with Perimeter Institute on May 6, 2020, theoretical cosmologist and science communicator Katie Mack — known to her many Twitter followers as @AstroKatie — answered questions about her favourite subject: the end of the universe. Mack is currently a Simons Emmy Noether Fellow at Perimeter and an Assistant Professor at North Carolina State University. Perimeter Institute (charitable registration number 88981 4323 RR0001) is the world’s largest independent research hub devoted to theoretical physics, created to foster breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of our universe, from the smallest particles to the entire cosmos. Perimeter's outreach efforts, including this talk, are made possible in part by the support of donors like you. Be part of the equation: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/donate Subscribe for updates on future live webcasts, events, free posters, and more: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/newsletter/ Check out Perimeter's range of free, stay-at-home science resources for explorers of all ages: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/stay-at-home-science-for-explorers-of-all-ages/ facebook.com/pioutreach twitter.com/perimeter instagram.com/perimeterinstitute Donate: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/donate

Simon Steel(Senior Director of Education and STEM programs) talks with Seth Shostak(Senior Astronomer) about "the great debate" in the 1920s that fundamentally changed our understanding about the size of the universe.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://pbsspacetime.com/ Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://tinyurl.com/yx9cusk5 The universe is precisely 13.8 billion year old - or so our best scientific methods tell us. But how do you learn the age of the universe when there’s no trace left of its beginnings? Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Dan Falk & Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber #space #astrophysics #cosmology Special Thanks to our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Supporters Alexander Tamas David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Morgan Hough Radu Negulescu Quasar Supporters Christina Oegren Mark Heising Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters chuck zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Hank S John Hofmann John Pollock John R. Slavik Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Julian Tyacke Mathew Matthew O'Connor Matthew Ryan Syed Ansar Timothy McCulloch william bryan Gamma Ray Burst Supporters A G Adrian Hatch Adrien Molyneux AlecZero Andreas Nautsch Bradley Jenkins Brandon labonte Brandon Lattin Brian Blanchard Craig Stonaha Dan Warren Daniel Lyons David Bethala David Hughes DFaulk Eric Kiebler Frederic Simon Geoffrey Short Graydon Goss Greg Smith Jennifer Crosley John Funai John Robinson Josh Thomas Justin Waters Kevin Lee Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Daniel Cohen Michael Conroy Mirik Gogri Nick Virtue Nick Wright Nickolas Andrew Freeman Patrick Sutton Paul Rose Protius Protius Robert Ilardi Scott Gossett Sean Warniaha Shane Calimlim Simon Oliphant Steve Bradshaw Tatiana Vorovchenko Tim Stephani Tonyface Tybie Fitzhugh Yannick Weyns Yurii Konovaliuk Kiersten Thamm

In a special live webcast, theoretical cosmologist and science communicator Katie Mack — known to her many Twitter followers as @astrokatie — will answer questions about her favourite subject: the end of the universe. Mack is an Assistant Professor at North Carolina State University whose research investigates dark matter, vacuum decay, and the epoch of reionization. Mack is a popular science communicator on social media, and has contributed to Scientific American, Slate, Sky & Telescope, Time, and Cosmos. Perimeter's outreach programs like this are supported by viewers like you. Be part of the equation: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/donate/ Sign up for alerts about upcoming webcasts and events: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/newsletter/ Check out Perimeter's range of free, stay-at-home science resources for explorers of all ages: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/stay-at-home-science-for-explorers-of-all-ages/

Rick’s Roundtable is a virtual Town Hall meeting with Center Director Dr. Rick Gilbrech. Dr. Gilbrech will be answering questions submitted by the Stennis Space Center workforce during the roundtable session.

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton have been used to study the Universe and the results call into question how it is expanding. -- Surprise! The universe's expansion rate may vary from place to place: https://www.space.com/universe-expansion-rate-may-vary.html Credit: NASA/CXC/A. Hobart

Sound Issues resolved at 15:15 There's been a lot of upheaval in the field of cosmology wrt the Hubble Constant. Two independent measurements have yielded different results and they uncertainties do not overlap. This has lead to a rethinking of many aspects of how we know what we know about the universe, including the Hubble parameter. In today's Astro Coffee Hangout, Tony and Dr. Brian Keating from the University of San Diego discuss the Hubble Constant, the problem and whether there this is actually a crisis in our understanding of the large scale structure of the universe and this important parameter. Brian Keating and Nobel Prize winner Adam Riess discussed the crisis last summer in Symmetry magazine https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/the-9-percent-difference “ #HubbleConstant #LiveAstronomy #DeepAstronomy Follow Brian's YouTube Channel Here: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating Get Brian's Book "Losing the Nobel Prize" here (now in paperback): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA Interested in supporting Deep Astronomy and getting great telescope gear? Use this link to shop at OPT (aff link): http://bit.ly/2Wq0BO8 Join our Chat on Discord here: https://discord.gg/nqGpvtK Like this content? Please consider becoming a patron: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Watch Tony's Twitch Tuesdays on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/DeepAstronomy

First Astro Coffee of the year! Today I'm talking with Dr Brian Keating, a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego; a Fellow of the American Physical Society; a commercially rated pilot; and the director of the Simons Observatory. His book "Losing the Nobel Prize" is now out in paperback tells his story working on the frontiers of cosmology as inventor/co-inventor of the BICEP and BICEP 2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization) Telescopes. Join Tony live as he plays a pre-recorded interview from 2019 and ask questions and chat! #AstroCoffee #LiveAstronomy Follow Brian's YouTube Channel Here: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating Get Brian's Book here: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA Join our Chat on Discord here: https://discord.gg/nqGpvtK Like this content? Please consider becoming a patron: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/

Download the PBS Video App: https://www.pbs.org/pbs-video-app/ The universe is microwaving itself. A mystery signal discovered in the 1960s led to a Nobel prize. In this video, Dianna explores one of the most mysterious discoveries in physics - a constant microwave signal that seemed to be coming from everywhere in the universe. It turned out to be light from an unusual process 13.8 billion years ago. Special thanks to our Sally Ride level patrons: Alejandro Gutierrez, Brian O'Connell, Darkbit, Dave Butler, David Cichowski, Edi, Fabrice Eap, Henning Bitsch, Kenneth Hunter, Margaux Lopez, and Vincent Flores. Join the Physics Girl Patreon community! ►► https://www.patreon.com/physicsgirl Check out MinutePhysics - Why do compressed air cans get cold? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjraelDMrFQ If you liked this video check out these: Why is the universe flat? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTUsOWtxKKA How the Edge of our Galaxy Defies Known Physics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6Eq2sI1NDY MANY thanks to: Nick Lucid, Katie Mack, Derek Muller, Henry Reich, Thom Ory and Edward Wright for helping with this video! Thanks to Levi Butner for inspiriting the idea for this video by asking me WAY too many questions during work! 🙂 http://physicsgirl.org/ http://twitter.com/thephysicsgirl http://facebook.com/thephysicsgirl http://instagram.com/thephysicsgirl Creator/Host: Dianna Cowern Editor: Levi Butner Writing: Valerie Bentivegna Research/Copy Editing: Dianna Cowern Sources: Temperature and wavelength of original CMB: http://www.astro.uvic.ca/~jwillis/teaching/astr405/astr405_lecture3.pdf http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~ryden/ast162_9/notes39.html ESA Planck References: http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Planck NASA WMAP Reference: https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov Interview with John G. Cramer (via email) https://kipac.stanford.edu/highlights/understanding-dark-energy-through-cmb-observations Nobel prize photo - Alexander Mahmoud 2018 https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200207/history.cfm

Where do we come from? As we enter an age of unprecedented space studying and exploration, one active area of research is the story of earliest moments of cosmic time. In today's video, we retell that story; from the very earliest moment after the Big Bang, to the first stars and galaxies over 13 billion years ago. To be continued! Part 2 will be my 200K subscriber special! Follow my new Twitter: https://twitter.com/SEA_yt_ Join the official partner #SeaSquad Discord Server: https://discord.gg/SEA Business Enquiries: [email protected] Thanks to Miyu for the new channel icon! Credits and Sources ======================== VIDEO MUSIC: - As The World Fell - CO.AG Music - Chernobyl (Approaching Disaster) - CO.AG Music - Beautiful Days - CO.AG Music - Remember Trees? - Chris Zabriskie - That Hopeful Future is All I've Ever Known - Chris Zabriskie - There's a Special Place for Some People - Chris Zabriskie - Stories About the World That Once Was - Chris Zabriskie - Gaia in Fog - Dan Bodan (YouTube Audio Library) - Let The Pain Speak to Me - Chris Zabriskie CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA All tracks by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/ VIDEO FOOTAGE: - GNz-11: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgQdQx3V1HY - Galaxy Collision 4K: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcopGM8iUCY Multiple sequences in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, the virtual universe simulator! http://spaceengine.org/ Get SpaceEngine on Steam and try it for yourself: https://store.steampowered.com/app/314650/SpaceEngine/ Much of the stock footage in this video was provided by Videezy.com. Check them out: https://www.videezy.com/ - "Pulsar in a Box" (NASA): https://youtu.be/jwC6_oWwbSE - Simulation of Gravitational Waves (MIT): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biwlfcljx9Q - Hubble Telescope Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un5SEJ8MyPc - Void / Dust Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw6Y5RldX9I - Supernova: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIdJtIDReM8 - Satellite Dish: https://www.videezy.com/members/beachfront - Provided by Beachfront under a Creative Commons license - Particles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_Q6I7nj23A - Provided by RoyaltyFreeTube under a Creative Commons License SOURCES OF INFORMATION: - The Big Bang: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang - Plank Length / Time: https://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae281.cfm - Early Universe Hints: https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/17/science/space/17cosmos.html - Neutrons vs. Neutrinos: https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-neutrons-and-neutrinos - Fields: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(physics) - First Molecule: https://www.space.com/astronomers-detect-universe-first-molecule-space.html - The CMB: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tCMd1ytvWg https://www.space.com/33892-cosmic-microwave-background.html - Early Star Populations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_population

The Big Bang is the term that scientists use to describe the beginning of the universe. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln clears up many common misconceptions about this fascinating topic. To learn more, visit: http://fnal.gov

Is the universe curved? Not so fast. With SPACETV Writer and Host Cambrie Caldwell. Learn more The Planck Space Observatory - https://www.spacetv.net/planck-space-telescope/ The Universe - http://www.spacetv.net/the-universe/ The Big Bang - https://www.spacetv.net/the-big-bang/ Cosmology - http://www.spacetv.net/cosmology/ Sources: https://www.space.com/universe-shape-flat-closed-debate.html Credits General Relativity image - Lucas Vieira Barbosa Plank Satellite animation - ESA Cosmic Microwave Background image - NASA Big Crunch animation - NASA/STScI/G.Bacon SPACETV.NET