COSMOLOGY

The Universe started in the Big Bang and ever since then space has been expanding - increasing the distance between galaxies ever since. Galaxy mergers are also very common though - so how does this happen if galaxies are always moving apart from each other? #bigquestions My book ' Space: 10 Things You Should Know' is out NOW worldwide (except for US & Canada - more info soon) you can find it in your local bookshop or order it here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky ----------- Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/drbecky_ And on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drbecky_s/ Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! --------- Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime We actually have a pretty good idea of what might have happened before the Big Bang. That is, as long as we define the Big Bang as the extremely hot, dense, rapidly expanding universe that is described by Einstein’s equations. That picture of the universe is very solid down to about a trillionth of a second after the supposed beginning of time. We can make good guesses down to about 10^-30th of a second. But before that? Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Produced By: Kornhaber Brown Check out the Big Bang and Cosmic Inflation Playlist to learn More https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPStj2ZuXug&list=PLsPUh22kYmNCc3WCKb5yF136QSRf0xErm Want Even More Great Space Content? Check out the Exciting STELLAR Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqY7QPHGa9OppO_pjf91lbV Big Bang Supporters: Alexander Tamas Anton Lifshits David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Morgan Hough Quasar Supporters: Mark Heising Mark Rosenthal Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters: Chuck Zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Hank S John Hofmann John R. Slavik Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Matthew Matthew O'Connor Syed Ansar Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien Hatch Adrian Molyneux Alexey Eromenko Andreas Nautsch Bradley Jenkins Brandon Labonte Carlo Mogavero Dan Warren Daniel Lyons David Behtala DFaulk Dustan Jones Geoffrey Short James Flowers James Quintero John Funai John Pollock Jonah Jonathan Nesfeder Joseph Dillman Josh Thomas Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nathan Hitchings Nicholas Nachefski Nick Virtue Paul Rose Scott Gossett Sigurd Ruud Frivik Taras Vozniuk Tim Jones Tim Stephani Yurii Konovaliuk سلطان الخليفي

A new study provides mathematical evidence that dark matter could be much older than we thought and we've found a weird glitch in a neutron star. Host: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.061302 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01214.pdf https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/jhu-dmm080719.php https://gizmodo.com/this-theory-could-breathe-new-life-into-the-hunt-for-da-1837110948 https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/the-higgs-particle/why-is-it-hard-to-find-the-higgs-particle/a-lightweight-standard-model-higgs-particle/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/04/12/how-come-cosmic-inflation-doesnt-break-the-speed-of-light/ https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_cosmo_infl.html https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/critical-opalescence/gravitational-waves-reveal-the-universe-before-the-big-bang-an-interview-with-physicist-gabriele-veneziano/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0844-6 https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-08/mu-gin080719.php ------ Images: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1709c/ https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12314 https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/astro_bu/ https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10118 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20267 http://chandra.si.edu/photo/2013/vela/ https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1810b/

Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Every astronomy textbook tells us that soon after the Big Bang, there was a period of exponentially accelerating expansion called cosmic inflation. In a tiny fraction of a second, inflationary expansion multiplied the size of the universe by a larger factor than in the following 13 and a half billion years of regular expansion. This story seems like a bit of a … stretch. Is there really any mechanism that could cause something like this to happen? What what we’re covering today – the real physics of cosmic inflation. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Produced By: Kornhaber Brown Dark Energy Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNA6WUmOsEEi32zi_RdSUF4i The Quantum Vacuum and Hawking Radiation Playlist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvgZqGxF3eo&list=PLsPUh22kYmNAHB1W2_Ka2F83sObdczwKr Most cosmologists buy some variation of the inflation hypothesis. It seems to very neatly solve some of the biggest questions in cosmology. Those being: why is matter and energy so smoothly spread out across the entire observable universe? And why is the geometry of the universe so flat? Neither should be expected unless the universe expanded much more rapidly early on. We explored these problems in an earlier video – worth a look if you really want to get inflation. Another problem fixed by inflation is the absence of magnetic monopoles – strange particles predicted to have been produced in the early universe. We’ll come back to those another time. Big Bang Supporters: Anton Lifshits David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Justin Lloyd Morgan Hough Quasar Supporters: Mark Heising Mark Rosenthal Tambe Barsbay Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters: Chuck Zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Hank S John Hofmann John R. Slavik Jordan Young Joseph Salomone kkm Mark Heising Matthew Matthew O'Connor Syed Ansar Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien Hatch Alexey Eromenko Andreas Nautsch Bradley Jenkins Brandon Labonte Carlo Mogavero Daniel Lyons David Behtala DFaulk Dustan Jones Geoffrey Short James Flowers James Quintero John Funai John Pollock Jonah Jonathan Nesfeder Joseph Dillman Joseph Emison Josh Thomas Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nathan Hitchings Nick Virtue Paul Rose Ryan Jones Scott Gossett Sigurd Ruud Frivik Tim Jones Tim Stephani Tommy Mogensen Yurii Konovaliuk سلطان الخليفي

Give yourself the gift of knowledge — subscribe to Big Think Edge: http://bit.ly/bigthinkedge Stargazing is a form of time travel. - Light moves at 186,000 miles per second. - As fast as light speed is, when you think about how large the universe is, light takes time — a lot of time — to actually get to us from distant objects. - The sun is about 93 million miles away. At 186,000 miles per second, it takes about eight minutes for its light to reach us here on Earth. Because of this, when you look up at the sun, with eye protection, you're actually seeing the star as it was nearly 10 minutes ago — not as it is in real time. Dr. Michelle Thaller is an astronomer who studies binary stars and the life cycles of stars. She is Assistant Director of Science Communication at NASA. She went to college at Harvard University, completed a post-doctoral research fellowship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, Calif. then started working for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Spitzer Space Telescope. After a hugely successful mission, she moved on to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), in the Washington D.C. area. In her off-hours often puts on about 30lbs of Elizabethan garb and performs intricate Renaissance dances. If you're interested in licensing this or any other Big Think clip for commercial or private use, contact our licensing partner Executive Interviews: https://www.executiveinterviews.biz/rightsholders/bigthink/ Read more at BigThink.com: https://bigthink.com/videos/michelle-thaller-2639494132 Follow Big Think here: YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink

Thank you to Draper and its Hack the Moon initiative for supporting PBS Digital Studios | Learn more at https://wehackthemoon.com. One of the fundamental questions humanity has always asked is how big is our Universe? For much of human history, people believed that Planet Earth was the very center of the entire universe. And Earth is pretty big. But compared the rest of the universe, we are infinitesimally small. The animation in this video the Digital Universe data collection curated by the American Museum of Natural History. The software is used to visualize these datasets is OpenSpace, which is developed through a collaboration between AMNH, Linköping University in Sweden, New York University, and the University of Utah. The software and datasets are open source and are free to download and explore. https://www.openspaceproject.com/ Credit: From the ESO Supernova to the end of the Universe at 00:52 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy2cxmHuEAs Credit: ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser/spaceengine.org Credit: Cepheid Variable 4:06 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXJBrRmHPj8 NASA, ESA, M. Kornmesser I know, this video is a bit different from most Space Time videos. It's part of a PBS miniseries called Stellar, done in collaboration with Diana Cowern from @physicsgirl and Joe Hanson from @It'sOkayToBeSmart. Over six episodes we travel to telescopes, go inside space research centers, and chat with amazing scientists. Next up is Joe's episode where he explores where life might be outside our solar system. Check out Joe’s episode here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoxGOL-Ow9w Check out the other episodes in this series: The Quasar from The Beginning of Time | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqCPn… Seeing a Black Hole with a Planet-Sized Telescope | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUpKt… I Visited the First Gravitational Wave Detector! LIGO | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtp71… How We’ll Find the Aliens in Our Solar System! | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfqpYDVhXd8&t=2s Stellar is a part of the PBS Summer of Space. There'll be lots of awesome space related content all summer long on PBS. See what's happening at https://www.pbs.org/summer-of-space/ #SummerOfSpacePBS #astrophysics #space Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Written by: Sophia Chen, Matt O’Dowd, Andrew Kornhaber, Eric Brown Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber & Eric Brown Producer: Randa Eid Director of Photography: Eric Brouse Sound: Justin Pope & Brett Van Duesen Production Assistant: Marifisia Bel Editing: Pavel Ezrohi, Tom Levin, Rebbecca Senn Graphics: Murilo Lopes Assistant Editing: Daniel Sircar Produced By: Kornhaber Brown Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

It's Night Sky News time again where we recap everything that's happened in space news this past month and everything to look out for in the sky in the coming month. #stargazing #spacenews #astronomy My new book 'Space: The 10 Things You Should Know' is coming out September 5th! You can pre-order it from amazon here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! ------ Black Supermoon 31st July - 00:39 Perseids Meteor Shower August - 02:53 Chandrayaan 2 launch - 05:49 SpaceX Crew Dragon explosion investigation - 06:19 NASA’s new mission to Saturn’s moon Titan - 07:17 Hayabusa 2 samples the interior of an asteroid - 09:13 First non-repeating fast radio burst origin location found - 10:54 We still don’t know the right age of the Universe - 13:27 Bloopers - 20:10 --------- My sister made the frame in the background as a present when I passed my PhD. It's not a real certificate. It's a decorative frame in my office which I LOVE. My sister does commissions: https://megansmethurstdesign.wordpress.com/work/ Dr. Becky also presents videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbols and Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com ------------ News Theme 1 by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://audionautix.com/

Explore more than the eye can see as Neil deGrasse Tyson, comic co-host Chuck Nice, and Kimberly Arcand, Visualization and Emerging Technology Lead for NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, answer fan-submitted questions to uncover the X-ray universe and beyond. Discover more about the Chandra X-ray Observatory as it prepares to celebrate its 20th anniversary from launch. We discuss why different kinds of light in the electromagnetic spectrum are like different tools in the toolbox of astronomy. Learn about the evolution of X-ray imaging. Neil tells a story about Riccardo Giacconi, the father of X-ray astrophysics, and how his work impacts our daily security. Kim shares what she thinks would be the most exciting discovery via X-ray telescope. You’ll hear about the differences between Chandra and the James Webb Space Telescope. Get details about Lagrangian points and how they keep things in place. Explore the process that goes into naming telescopes. You’ll also hear about how much “more” we can see with Chandra than we can see with the naked eye. We ponder what light spectrum we will observe the universe in next. We also ponder the problem of trying to observe something too big for us to comprehend. Find out if there will ever be a Google Maps for the universe. Or, better yet, if there will ever be a Stellar Cartography room like in Star Trek. We discuss if virtual reality will ever allow the human brain to fully comprehend the enormity of the universe and the distances between celestial objects. Kim takes us through the process of turning Chandra X-ray data into beautiful visual imagery. We also discuss the idea of measuring visible light in energy, not color. All that, plus, Chuck finds out that Isaac Newton had a bigger impact on his life than he ever thought! This episode originally aired on April 5, 2019 #Xray #StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson

What's the universe made of? What are galaxy filaments? How did it all come to be? Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe This talk was hosted in conjunction with U3A. Dr Andrew Pontzen is a cosmologist at University College London. His research, for which he was awarded the Royal Astronomical Society’s 2016 Fowler Award, focuses on the way that galaxies and other structures have formed in our Universe. He is also an experienced communicator of science on radio, TV and at events across the UK. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/5X7vqLYoE_s This talk and Q&A were filmed at the Ri on 11 March 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Dave Ostler, David Lindo, David Schick, Erik Shepherd, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Joe Godenzi, Julia Stone, Kellas Lowery, Lasse T. Stendan, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Paul Brown, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.

234th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, St. Louis, MO Wednesday, 12 June 2019, 3:00 pm CDT Welcome Rick Fienberg (AAS Press Officer) A New Population of Cold Quasars Allison Michelle Kirkpatrick (University of Kansas) Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant William D'Arcy Kenworthy (Johns Hopkins University) Lambda Cold Dark Matter in Tension with Pantheon Data Maurice H. Van Putten (Sejong University) Q&A

Where did the universe come from and where is it going? Could our universe be one of many and how come the universe keeps expanding at an ever increasing rate? Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe You can buy Jo's book "Our Universe: An Astronomer's Guide" now - https://geni.us/OVCOcP Most of us have heard of black holes and supernovas, galaxies and the Big Bang. But few of us understand more than the bare facts about the universe we call home. What is really out there? How did it all begin? Where are we going? Award-winning astrophysicist and Professor of Physics at Princeton University, Jo Dunkley traces the evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang fourteen billion years ago, past the birth of the Sun and our planets, to today and beyond. She explains cutting-edge debates about such perplexing phenomena as the accelerating expansion of the universe and the possibility that our universe is only one of many. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/2kdk_I0fKPE Jo Dunkley is a Professor of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University. Her research is in cosmology, studying the origins and evolution of the Universe. Her main projects are the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Simons Observatory. She also works on the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. This talk was filmed at the Ri on 23 January 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Dave Ostler, David Lindo, David Schick, Elizabeth Greasley, Erik Shepher, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Joe Godenzi, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, Sergei Solovev and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.

Anastasia Fialkov (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (UK)) Title: Evaluating Cosmic Dawn Abstract: Cosmic dawn is one of the least-explored epochs in the history of the Universe illuminated by the very first stars and black holes. 21-cm radio signal produced by the intergalactic neutral hydrogen is tied to the intensity of radiation generated by these first sources of light. The signal can be used to constrain process of primordial star and black hole formation as well as reionization. In my talk I will discuss astrophysical processes that drive the signal. Pioneering radio experiments such as EDGES High-Band and SARASII deliver data which are capable to disfavor large sections of the high-redshift astrophysical parameter space. I will show the first observational constraints on reionization and cosmic dawn derived using the data of global 21-cm experiments at redshifts z~6-14. I will also discuss combined constraints with high-redshift quasars and Lyman Break Galaxies. Finally, I will comment on the claimed detection made with the EDGES Low-Band antenna at z~17.

For centuries we believed that Earth was at the center of the universe, and that everything revolved around our planet. Our understanding of space and the universe has changed a lot since then, but the idea that we are at the middle of everything might not be so wrong... In this video, Unveiled takes a trip to the center of the universe, to uncover the secret to all of creation. What do you think is at the center of the universe? This is Unveiled, giving you incredible answers to extraordinary questions! Find more amazing videos for your curiosity here: What If We Found a 5th Dimension? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEIWrYoDVFM Were Advanced Civilisations Here Before Us? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LYBVAf8UfA Are you constantly curious? Are you a fiend for facts? Then subscribe for more from Unveiled ► https://goo.gl/GmtyPv #Multiverse #Universe #BigBangTheory #Astronomy #Space

Christian Ready of Launchpad Astronomy joins John to discuss the end of the universe, red dwarfs living for trillions of years, proxima centauri, Pluto, Ultima Thule, and planet nine. Christian's links: http://www.launchpadworkshop.org/ https://www.youtube.com/christianready Website: https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/ You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow Follow us on Twitter! https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon Follow us on Instagram! https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/

At the beginning of this series, we talked about the Big Bang, which was the beginning of our universe, and what happened in the early epochs thereafter. But what we didn't talk about was how we know all that stuff! What is the evidence that supports this model? There is a lot of it, and we weren't ready to understand it then, but now we are. Let's talk about recession velocities, the cosmic microwave background radiation, the ratio of hydrogen to helium in the universe, and all the other empirical evidence that supports Big Bang cosmology. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveSubscribe [email protected] http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains http://professordaveexplains.com http://facebook.com/ProfessorDaveExpl... http://twitter.com/DaveExplains Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1 Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2 General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio American History Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAmericanHistory

Ideas before their time. 400 years ago, some ideas about the cosmos were too scandalous to mention. When the Dominican friar Giordano Bruno suggested that planets existed outside our Solar System, the Catholic Inquisition had him arrested, jailed, and burned at the stake for heresy. Today, we have evidence of thousands of planets orbiting other stars. Our discovery of extrasolar planets has dramatically changed ideas about the possibility for life elsewhere in the universe. Modern theories about the existence of the ghostly particles called neutrinos or of collapsed stars with unfathomable gravity (black holes), while similarly incendiary, didn’t prompt arrest, of course. Neutrinos and black holes were arresting ideas because they came decades before we had the means to prove their existence. Hear about scientific ideas that came before their time and why extrasolar planets, neutrinos, and black holes are now found on the frontiers of astronomical research. Guests: Alberto Martínez https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/history/faculty/aam829 – Professor of history, University of Texas, Austin, and author of Burned Alive: Giordano Bruno, Galileo & the Inquisition https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1780238967/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=arweal-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1780238967&linkId=a2467da5744402bda9f93126c6efba9d Anne Schukraft http://home.fnal.gov/~aschu – Associate scientist, Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory Ephraim Fischbach https://www.physics.purdue.edu/people/faculty/ephraim.php – Professor of physics and astronomy, Purdue University Chris Impey http://chrisimpey-astronomy.com/ – Professor of astronomy, University of Arizona, and author of Einstein’s Monsters: The Life and Times of Black Holes https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1324000937/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1324000937&linkCode=as2&tag=arweal-20&linkId=e4ed741a4d740a34119b22204c3150a0 Descripción en español: http://musingsfromthecosmicshore.net/2019/02/17/programa-de-radio-de-seti-institute-cosmologia-radical/ Download audio: http://bigpicturescience.org/episodes/radical-cosmology DONATE to Big Picture Science. Keep the science coming. And the puns. http://bigpicturescience.org ©2019 SETI Institute. All Rights Reserved 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043 Phone 650.961.6633 https://www.seti.org

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the discovery of the future of our universe and the analysis of the increase of dark energy across time. The study can be found here: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1811/1811.02590.pdf Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Mayumi Mark Teranishi Lilith Dawn Marin Templeton Sam Reed William Nick Dolgy Luminger Greg Lambros Unexpectedbooks.com Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Jordan Michael Mitsuda Lyndon Riley Jer Dave Blair Leo Wehrli Konrad Kummli Alexander Leimbeck Sander Stols Kai Raphahn Sergio Ruelas Olegas Budnik Tracy Burgess Bartholomew Macaluso Gordon Cooper George Williams Jayjay Volz Shinne AA Justin Fortune Chase Staggs Jakub Glos Toğrul Hüseynli Moonic Robert MacDonald Becky Giovanni Perryman Steven Zachary Fluke Anataine Deva Bob Davies Steve Aiello Michael Rucker Tom Warren Xyndicate Bodo Graßmann Liam Moss Michael Koebel Gary Steelman Jake Salo Shelley Passage Honey Suzanne Lyons Arikkat A Unnikrishnan Angelina Werner Steve Wotton Rock Howard Daniel Coleman Aneliya Pancheva Niji Ralph Spataro Peter Hamrak Andrey Vesnin Willem ter Harmsel Robert Wyssbrod James Myers MrR Vincent L Cleaver Jacob Spencer Stan Komander Claye Griffith Jakub Rychecky JohnTaylorWalker Jon Haynes Shaun Cahill George Naumov Kyle eagle David Lewis Matthew Lazear Michael J Fluharty Howard Zhang Former Patrons: Tim Sageser Jokage Jurrien Diepenbroek Lunos Hundolin Galaxia Zio Nelson Reyes Brett Comeau Jamie Walcott Hazen Miller Bobby Kent Snowie15 Madalevek Khai Hung Joseph McEvoy Isambard Jason Neuschmid Nicolas Belanger Peter Rose Nor Dine Galant Human Jeffrey Paik Check the Patreon page to join.

The Universe is expanding which means distant galaxies are only moving farther away from us. So in the farthest future, will our night sky be empty? Host: Caitlin Hofmeister SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at https://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Greg, Alex Schuerch, Alex Hackman, Andrew Finley Brenan, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2017/08/you-dont-expand-just-because-universe.html https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-if-the-universe-is-expanding-why-arent-we-71b46b5e9974 https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/if-the-universe-is-expanding-why-are-galaxies-still-merging-26c0f36ddc89 https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0107568.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0605173.pdf http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/dareng.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/97-the-universe/galaxies/cosmology/538-as-the-universe-expands-why-don-t-galaxies-get-stretched-out-intermediate http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/1998-02 https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/farthest_info.html https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/dark-energy.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/news/hubble-nobel.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/07/28/ask-ethan-where-does-the-energy-for-dark-energy-come-from/#1f286ea31268 http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2010/02/22/energy-is-not-conserved/ ------ Images: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20246 https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/trees-set-silhouette-coniferous-forest-isolated-tree-on-white-background-gm917984574-252530425 https://www.videoblocks.com/video/white-splat-transition-7-vjoqmph https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12433 https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/soccer-player-hits-the-ball-set-vector-gm942400042-257547110 https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/vector-galaxy-gm941100530-257229991 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12307 https://www.videoblocks.com/video/view-of-earth-and-sun-from-the-moon-qbmc5u9 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10135 https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/man-and-door-pictogram-gm686625930-126790241 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12314 https://www.eso.org/public/videos/vltplatftimelapse/

This talk was given by George P. Efstathiou, member of the Planck Science Team, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge, and Director of the Kavli Institute of Cosmology - Cambridge. Prof. Efstathiou presented the latest results from Planck and spent some time discussing, among other things, the discrepancy in the determination of the Hubble constant between CMB experiments, including Planck, and other approaches like the one used by Nobel Laureate Adam Riess, based on the distance ladder, that disagree at the 3.8 sigma with Planck, and how this could be a hint for new physics. The talk was given on 3 December 2018 at ESA/ESAC, the European Space Astronomy Centre near to Madrid, Spain. This talk was given as part of the regular ESAC Science Seminars. ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow ESA on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr ESA is Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions

Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime The search for a single number: the hubble constant, which is the rate of expansion of our universe, has consumed astronomers for generations. Finally, two powerful and independent methods have refined its measurement to unprecedented precision. The only problem is that they don’t agree. This calls into question some of our most basic assumptions about the universe. Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs Previous Episode: Why String Theory Is Wrong https://youtu.be/IhpGdumLRqs Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Luke Maroldi Directing by Andrew Kornhaber In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovered the universe. He gave us our first incontrovertible proof that there are galaxies outside the Milky Way by measuring the distances to the spiral nebulae. They were many millions of light years from us –far outside the Milky Way and so must be galaxies in their own right. Combined with the Doppler-shift velocity measurements of Vesto Slipher, Hubble revealed that the galaxies are not only receding from us, but they are receding at a rate proportional to their distance. Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang Anton Lifshits CoolAsCats David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Justin Lloyd TIm Davis Quasar Dean Fuqua James Flowers Mark Rosenthal Tambe Barsbay Vinnie Falco Hypernova Chuck Zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Jens Theisen John Hofmann Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Mark Heising Matthew O’Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexey Eromenko Antonio Ruiz Bradley Jenkins Brandon Labonte Buruk Aregawi Carlo Mogavero Daniel Lyons David Behtala David Crane David Schmidt Dustan Jones Geoffrey Short Greg Weiss Jack Frosch James Hughes James Quintero Jinal Doshi JJ Bagnell John Webber Jon Folks Jonah Joseph Emison Josh Thomas Kenneth F Leonard Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nathan Hitchings Nicholas Rose Nick Virtue Richard Broman Sammy J Scott Gossett Sigurd Ruud Frivik Tommy Mogensen سلطان الخليفي

In 2012, scientists detected the most distant galaxy discovered to date. This galaxy is now expected to be over 46 billion light years from the Earth, at the very edge of the observable universe. But what differentiates the observable universe and the rest of the universe? In this video, we examine how a 13 billion year old universe can be hundreds of billions of light years in diameter, and what might be waiting for us behind the barrier of the cosmic horizon. Want to learn more about dark energy? Check out my other video: https://youtu.be/XqbznIg9LFk FOLLOW MY NEW TWITTER! https://twitter.com/SEA_yt_ Join the NEW, OFFICIAL PARTNER #SeaSquad 100K Discord Server! https://discord.gg/SEA FOOTAGE: - 8 Minute Space Journey: https://youtu.be/Un5SEJ8MyPc - Green Nebula Fly-by: https://youtu.be/JbC6KVzn-m0 - Cruising Through: https://youtu.be/EaM9kDPa_AY - Light Travelling Demonstration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OiSoptcEDs - Particles: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDyoFl3axaufRwkpBA38-1w - Galaxy Loop: https://youtu.be/7NyEX8DjOTw - Earth Footage: https://www.videezy.com/ - Star Trails from Earth: https://www.videezy.com/members/bk-vids - Milky Way & Andromeda Collision: - Nebula 360: https://www.videezy.com/ - Pixel Orb: https://www.videezy.com/ MUSIC: - CO.AG: This Fascinating World https://youtu.be/hhe9NYL8XOU - Chris Zabriskie: Stories About the World That Once Was https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/stories-about-the-world-that-once-was?in=chriszabriskie/sets/music-from-neptune-flux - Chris Zabriskie: They Call it Nature https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/they-call-it-nature - Popular Playlists! - • Creepy Playlist: https://goo.gl/Gxoqyy • Out of this World: https://goo.gl/AV9ePP • Conspiracy Cases: https://goo.gl/mqmF6P • G-News: https://goo.gl/17K9yu - Out of this World - • The Fermi Paradox: https://youtu.be/lFypvFYO7LQ • The Cold Spot: https://youtu.be/PQHhLHh_8go • Bootes Void: https://youtu.be/SPtSBLpyBu4 - Conspiracy Cases - • 11B-X-1371 Mystery: https://youtu.be/FK314DWnPGs • Dyatlov Pass Incident: https://youtu.be/zkdAUESx7Vk • Denver Airport Conspiracy: https://youtu.be/mUKHMGDe6-w - GD - • G-NEWS: https://goo.gl/17K9yu • "The Best Of" Lists: https://goo.gl/412EaD • Community Commentary: https://goo.gl/tgJvPv • Full GD Playlist: https://goo.gl/dWkXfo - Maps From Hell Series - • Bloodlust Episode: https://youtu.be/W1D2Dxvi0cg • Yatagarasu Episode: https://youtu.be/mmi8db-JV2E • Plasma Pulse Series Episode: https://youtu.be/-plAW84qvB4

Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter What does ‘time’ mean for light? What is the real lesson of the twin paradox? How can we all agree on the true age of the universe? Why is it all so technical? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Follow all the show updates at http://www.askaspaceman.com, and help support the show at http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter! Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain.

The big bang is the term we use for the event that happened that started our universe, but what happened before? How does Einstein's general relativity relate to the structure of space time at the earliest points of our universe. How much do we understand gravity, dark matter and Gravitational waves? John Michael Godier is joined in this bonus clip with Paul Sutter of the Ask A Spaceman Youtube Channel. Do We Live In An Infinite Universe? Featuring Paul Sutter: https://youtu.be/6bloC7UmuiQ Paul M. Sutter's channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBr7XOxxQyBHEwqkhoci7vw Paul Sutter's Book "Your Place in the Universe: Understanding Our Big, Messy Existence" : https://amzn.to/2A3tc2c Pre–Big Bang physics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%E2%80%93Big_Bang_physics What are Gravitational Waves?: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-are-gw You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow Website: https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/ Follow us on Twitter! https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon Follow us on Instagram! https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/

An exploration of ten of the most unsettling astrophysical events including Dyson Sphere candidates, a star containing plutonium, the Wow! Signal and others. https://www.patreon.com/johnmichaelgodier https://www.youtube.com/eventhorizonshow Papers: "Pulsar Positioning System: A quest for evidence of extraterrestrial engineering", Clement Vidal, 2017 https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03316 "Fast Radio Bursts from Extragalactic Light Sails", Lingham and Loeb, 2017 https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.01109 "Discovery of peculiar periodic spectral modulations in a small fraction of solar type stars", Borra and Trottier, 2016 https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03031 Music: Cylinder Eight by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/ Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/ "Night Forever" by Miguel Johnson https://migueljohnson.bandcamp.com/ Cylinder Three by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Prof Carlo Rovelli explains why many physicists are wrong about dark energy, that it is not fine tuned or unnatural. Subscribe for more: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtOgKmAM4MeFu-jd-HB3_cg Carlo Rovelli is one of the founders of loop quantum gravity. He is the Director of the quantum gravity group of the Centre de Physique Théorique (CPT) of the Aix-Marseille University and Chief Editor of Foundation of Physics. Carlo is also the author of best selling popular physics books such as "Seven brief lesson on physics "and "Reality Is not what it seems". To see more of our exclusive interviews with many of the world's leading physicists, subscribe to our channel or click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVDJJVoTx7s&list=PLJ4zAUPI-qqqj2D8eSk7yoa4hnojoCR4m to read Carlo more detailed argument see here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3966

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1le8JtBUx8 Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNk87fP7hr8 Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2VL5gS1rcg Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter What was going in the very early universe? How does inflation provide the seeds of larger structures? How can we possibly test this? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Follow all the show updates at http://www.askaspaceman.com, and help support the show at http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter! Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain.

The world’s premier astronomy and space science podcast. This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by The Great Courses Plus. For a Free Trial with Unlimited Access to the entire The Great Courses Plus library use our URL and help support the show… www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/SPACE *Discrepancies continue to infect the standard model of cosmology Astronomers trying to work out how fast the universe is expanding -- still can’t agree on a key figure in the standard model of cosmology – known as the Hubble Constant. *The Highly Structured Outer Corona Scientists have discovered never-before-detected, fine-grained structures in the Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona. *New way to track space junk Astronomers are planning to use FM radio station signals to track space junk. *Dream Chaser getting ready for first cargo run to the space station A third operator is about to begin carrying cargo for NASA to the International Space Station. *The Science Report Omega 3 fats found in fatty fish makes little or no difference to your risk of cardiovascular events. Collapse of Antarctica’s Larsen C and George VI ice shelves could raise sea levels. Processed meats associated with manic episodes. New species of snake discovered on Australia’s Cape York Peninsula. The earliest bread ever baked discovered in north-eastern Jordan. For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), Google Podcasts, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, TuneIn Radio, google play, Spreaker, Spotify, Deezer etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial-free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime: The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audiobook of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list Stream podcast episodes on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly).

Astronomers have finally found evidence to help solve the missing baryon problem, and they're pointing telescopes toward the Intergalactic Medium to figure it out. Hosted by: Hank Green For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلطا الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0204-1 http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/XMM-Newton_finds_missing_intergalactic_material http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/23 http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306025/ https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~komatsu/lecturenotes/Mike_Anderson_on_missing_baryons.pdf [PDF] https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.01260 https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.0544 http://www.helsinki.fi/~hkurkisu/cpt/Cosmo11 [PDF] https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9504082 https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/320548 http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/23/ https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.2375 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.01943.pdf [PDF] http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/427874/ Images: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ilc_9yr_moll4096.png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WHIM.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ions.svg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XMM-Newton_spacecraft_model.png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_rendering_ULAS_J1120%2B0641.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10663

What if dark matter isn’t the solution to space’s greatest mysteries? These are the alternative theories. There’s a New Form of Matter in Town: EXCITONIUM! - https://youtu.be/17Kvxe6v5Ms Read More: Does Dark Matter Exist? Bold New Study Offers Alternative Model https://www.space.com/39001-dark-matter-doesnt-exist-study-suggests.html “Dark matter is the elusive, invisible substance that appears to make up more than 80 percent of the total mass in the universe — far more than accounted for by the "regular" matter that makes up things like stars, planets and everything astronomers can directly observe. A new study makes the bold claim, however, that perhaps dark matter doesn't exist at all.” Astronomers Capture the First ‘Image' of the Dark Matter That Holds the Universe Together https://www.seeker.com/space/astronomy/astronomers-capture-the-first-image-of-the-dark-matter-that-holds-the-universe-together “Theories, computer models, and indirect observations have indicated that there is a cosmic web of dark matter that connects galaxies and constitutes the large-scale structure of the cosmos. But while the filaments that make up this web are massive, dark matter is incredibly difficult to observe.” Astronomers Found Two Massive Galaxies Amid an Ocean of Dark Matter https://www.seeker.com/astronomy/astronomers-found-two-massive-galaxies-amid-an-ocean-of-dark-matter “The discovery provides new details on the role that dark matter played in assembling large structures in the universe. Astronomers say the amount of dark matter that “clumped” in one area in order to create galaxies this large would have been quite rare. Now, researchers have produced what they say is the first composite image of a dark matter filament that connects galaxies together.” ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Special thanks to Athena Brensberger for writing and hosting this episode of Seeker! Check Athena out on Twitter: https://twitter.com/astroathens

Is String Theory the final solution for all of physic’s questions or an overhyped dead end? This video was realised with the help of Dr. Alessandro Sfondrini and it was funded by SNSF under Agora Grant n. 171622 and through the NCCR SwissMAP: The Mathematics of Physics. See also our video on the black-hole information paradox: https://bit.ly/2DU6p8P Support us on Patreon so we can make more videos (and get cool stuff in return): https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt?ty=h Steady: https://steadyhq.com/de/kurzgesagt Merchandise:  https://shop.kurzgesagt.org Newsletter: http://eepurl.com/cRUQxz Facebook: http://bit.ly/1NB6U5O Twitter: http://bit.ly/2DDeT83 Instagram: http://bit.ly/2DEN7r3 Discord: https://discord.gg/cB7ycdv The Voice of Kurzgesagt: Steve Taylor: http://voice-pool.com/en/english/ The music of the video here: Soundcloud: http://bit.ly/2CsAbob Bandcamp: http://bit.ly/2oHsSPZ Facebook: http://bit.ly/2qW6bY4 THANKS A LOT TO OUR LOVELY PATRONS FOR SUPPORTING US: Flavio Storino, Alice Balcon, Hari Krishnan, Warren Wiscombe, Sara Zeglin, Asiryan Alexander, maarten sprengers, William Northern, Kerem Mimaroglu, Yana Kultysheva, Josh, Keaton Anderson, Croconaw, Peter Steinberger, Jonathan Diamond, Troy McConaghy, Paddy, Darko Sperac, Peter Burkhalter, Chris Amaris, Tyler Lovell, John Ruble, Chase Henson, Arpita Singh, Edward C.P., Andreas Edlund, Ryan Bubinski, Paul Greyson, Jerry Ding, Austin Sundquist, Daniel Link, Tim Johnson, kayleigh dreste, Johan Sjöblom, Max Stuart, Mush Rain, Andor Baranyi, Eduardas Afanasjevas, Bill Clem, Jake Smith, Stephen Woerner, Jeff Sorensen, Christopher Damsgaard, Eduardo AV, Michael Gawenka, Florian Hoedt, Lucas Nyman, Nathanael Baker, Martin Wierzyk, Mauricio Streb, Karl, Rameet Chawla, Joachim Andersen, Avinash, Erik Golden, Glenn Stoltz, Elliott Nelson, Andrew Averett, Ben Wei Help us caption & translate this video! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_p... String Theory Explained – What is The True Nature of Reality?

How old is the universe, and how did it begin? Throughout history, countless myths and scientific theories have tried to explain the universe's origins. The most widely accepted explanation is the big bang theory. Learn about the explosion that started it all and how the universe grew from the size of an atom to encompass everything in existence today. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta Origins of the Universe 101 | National Geographic https://youtu.be/HdPzOWlLrbE National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Cosmologists have detected a signal from the cosmic dawn - the period where the first stars came into existence. But how did they do it and what might this mean for our understanding of the Universe? Nature physics reporter, Elizabeth Gibney, talks us through the finding.

Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com What did Hubble really discover? Why does redshift imply an expanding universe? Why is the night sky dark? Why is there so much hydrogen, and how is that connected to the Big Bang? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Go on an adventure: http://www.AstroTours.co Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Robert R., Justin G., Matthew K., Kevin O., Justin R., Chris C., Helge B., Tim R., SkyDiving Storm Trooper, Steve P., Lars H., Khaled T., John F., Mark R., and David B.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session, Greg Mobius for producing, and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, Chief Scientist at COSI Science Center, and the one and only Agent to the Stars (http://www.pmsutter.com).

A discussion of various theories for the End of the Universe. Watch part 2 here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLTb0V1BGNw How the Universe began and why is a question that's obsessed humanity for at least as long as civilization has existed, at the same time, how it will end has equally fascinated us. Today we are joined by Astrophysicist Paul Sutter for a two-part episode looking at the science and history of how the Universe came to be and may end. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join the Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ To help us grow your SFIA community, follow https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. Visit the sub-reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/the-compendium-of-doom Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier Graphics Team: Edward Nardella Jeremy Jozwik Jarred Eagley Justin Dixon Jeremy Jozwik Katie Byrne Kris Holland/Mafic Studios: http://www.maficstudios.com Luuk Warringa Misho Yordanov Murat Mamkegh Nick Talmers Nieuwoudt Pierre Demet Sergio Botero Stefan Blandin Script Editing: Andy Popescu Connor Hogan Edward Nardella Eustratius Graham Gregory Leal Jefferson Eagley Keith Blockus Luca de Rosa Mark Warburton Michael Gusevsky Mitch Armstrong MolbOrg Naomi Kern Philip Baldock Sigmund Kopperud Steve Cardon Tiffany Penner Music: Markus Junnikkala, "Leaving the Galaxy" Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars" Aerium, "Fifth Star of Aldebaran" A.J. Prasad, "Aether"

WATCH PART 1: https://youtu.be/rpA-Bd0d6kw This is Part 2 of a collab series with Isaac Arthur. How will the universe end, and how is it connected to the mysterious dark energy? Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter

Stream on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly). SpaceTime 20180105 Series 21 Episode 02 *Solving the mystery of what came first? Astronomers may be a step closer to solving one of the greatest mysteries in astrophysics – which came first the galaxy – or the supermassive black hole at its centre. The problem is do galaxies form first from the accumulation of stars, globular clusters, and molecular gas and dust clouds -- with densities at the galactic centre eventually becoming so high it forms a black hole. *Supermassive black hole stellar factory Astronomers have discovered 11 newly formed infant protostars within three light years of the supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy. Black holes generate powerful gravitational tidal forces and intense ultraviolet and X-ray radiation – environments far more conducive to destroying stars rather than creating them. *Mars may not be as dry as it seems A new study suggests water on Mars is being absorbed by the red planet’s rocks like a sponge. The findings reported in the journal Nature suggest that Martian basalt rocks can hold up to 25 percent more water than similar basalts on Earth. *SpaceX to launch Falcon Heavy shortly After more than 12 years of planning and development Space X is finally getting ready to fly its new Falcon Heavy launch vehicle. The 70-metre-tall reusable rocket is based around three Falcon 9 common booster core stages -- mounted side by side in a similar fashion to the Delta 4 heavy -- from which it will take the title as the world’s most powerful operational launch vehicle. For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), audioBoom, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, Spreaker etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime : The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audio book of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list For more, follow SpaceTime on Facebook, twitter, Tumblr, YouTube, Instagram, Google+, Patreon and Spreaker: Facebook: @spacetimewithstuartgary twitter: @stuartgary Tumblr: http://spacetimewithstuartgary.tumblr.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/spacetimewithstuartgary/ Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/2/collection/cabtNB YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhpBkuHSLfIRnliLB12HoC1QE0rwr8qRS Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/spacetime-with-stuart-gary-2017 If you're enjoying SpaceTime, please help out by sharing and telling your friends. The best recommendation I can get is one from you. Thank you…

In this QA episode, Fraser wonders when the Big Rip might happen, could there be binary galaxies, what it would be like to live in higher gravity. Get your Year in Space 2018 Calendar http://www.yearinspace.com Get an email announcement whenever we release a new video: http://eepurl.com/dcThQ5 What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Dark matter is the mysterious and pervasive substance that constitutes most — about 85% — of the matter in our Universe. Although scientists have made progress in better understanding dark matter, the true nature of this invisible material remains elusive. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory plays an important role in the search to learn about dark matter. One way that astronomers have used Chandra to investigate dark matter has been through the study of a mysterious signal seen in the X-ray data. In 2014, astronomers reported they found a spike of intensity at a very specific energy in Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the hot gas in the Perseus and other galaxy clusters. This spike, or emission line, is at an energy of 3.5 kiloelectron volts, or keV (pronounced "kay-ee-vee"), and could not easily be explained as emission from known elements. Therefore, one possibility was that this line was produced by dark matter particles. Naturally, determining the true nature of dark matter would be a huge discovery. And as Carl Sagan famously said, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Therefore, astronomers have been working hard both to replicate the initial results and also provide explanations for all of the observations connected to this original finding. Now a new team of astronomers has provided an innovative interpretation of the observations surrounding this 3.5 keV line. They propose that there is another mechanism at work, namely the absorption of X-ray light by mystery particles. If this is true, then it's possible that the 3.5 keV line may, in fact, be produced by dark matter particles. While these ideas need to be confirmed with future observations, it may be that the prospect of determining the nature of the darkest of matter may never have been more so bright.

In order to get the large scale structure of the Universe we see today, cosmologists have proposed the idea of inflation, that the Universe expanded an enormous amount in the earliest moments. But if inflation really happened, then it has even stranger implications for the nature of the Universe and the search for multiverses. Ethan Siegel https://www.patreon.com/startswithabang/ Treknology https://www.amazon.com/Treknology-Science-Star-Tricorders-Drive/dp/0760352631 Playlist Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmnnhuiEaxjmvNkcujvNqNVs Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 We’ve covered the topic of inflation a couple of times in the past, but I’ll give you the short version one more time. The Big Bang exquisitely explains the expansion of the Universe we see today. When we look out as far as we can, to the edge of the observable Universe we see the afterglow of the Big Bang: the cosmic microwave background radiation. This light was released the moment the Universe had cooled down a little, and has been traveling for almost 13.8 billion years to reach us. Thanks to the expansion of the Universe, it’s been redshifted to just a few degrees above absolute zero. When astronomers measure the temperature of this background, it’s incredibly consistent, with only tiny fluctuations measurable with the most sensitive instruments. This means that the entire Universe that we can see had time to transfer temperature to each other before it expanded. But the original Big Bang Theory suggests that the expansion of the Universe didn’t give the material time to even out its temperature. In order to explain this, cosmologists developed the concept of inflation. There was a period in the earliest Universe when the energy in matter was bound up in the fabric of space itself. The Universe expanded so quickly, that a region the size of a subatomic particle would have been stretched to the size of the visible Universe in a fraction of a second. Inflation also answered other challenges that the original Big Bang couldn’t explain, such as the flatness of the Universe, and total lack of monopoles. Like I said, we’ve done a whole video about inflation. But inflation has introduced its own set of strange ideas, including the concept of “eternal inflation”; that inflation didn’t end for the entire Universe like it did in our local area. There are regions undergoing inflation all over the place, creating multiple universes within our Universe. You know, a multiverse. I’ll be honest, though, the concept of eternal inflation is beyond my comprehension. And so, in times like this, I like to bring in a ringer. Today, I’m glad to bring you Dr. Ethan Siegel, an astrophysicist and science writer. His most recent book is Treknology, all about the science of Star Trek. Ethan tackles some of the most complex topics out there in an understandable way, and I could really use his help.

In order to get the large scale structure of the Universe we see today, cosmologists have proposed the idea of inflation, that the Universe expanded an enormous amount in the earliest moments. But if inflation really happened, then it has even stranger implications for the nature of the Universe and the search for multiverses. Ethan Siegel https://www.patreon.com/startswithabang/ Treknology https://www.amazon.com/Treknology-Science-Star-Tricorders-Drive/dp/0760352631 Playlist Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmnnhuiEaxjmvNkcujvNqNVs Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 We’ve covered the topic of inflation a couple of times in the past, but I’ll give you the short version one more time. The Big Bang exquisitely explains the expansion of the Universe we see today. When we look out as far as we can, to the edge of the observable Universe we see the afterglow of the Big Bang: the cosmic microwave background radiation. This light was released the moment the Universe had cooled down a little, and has been traveling for almost 13.8 billion years to reach us. Thanks to the expansion of the Universe, it’s been redshifted to just a few degrees above absolute zero. When astronomers measure the temperature of this background, it’s incredibly consistent, with only tiny fluctuations measurable with the most sensitive instruments. This means that the entire Universe that we can see had time to transfer temperature to each other before it expanded. But the original Big Bang Theory suggests that the expansion of the Universe didn’t give the material time to even out its temperature. In order to explain this, cosmologists developed the concept of inflation. There was a period in the earliest Universe when the energy in matter was bound up in the fabric of space itself. The Universe expanded so quickly, that a region the size of a subatomic particle would have been stretched to the size of the visible Universe in a fraction of a second. Inflation also answered other challenges that the original Big Bang couldn’t explain, such as the flatness of the Universe, and total lack of monopoles. Like I said, we’ve done a whole video about inflation. But inflation has introduced its own set of strange ideas, including the concept of “eternal inflation”; that inflation didn’t end for the entire Universe like it did in our local area. There are regions undergoing inflation all over the place, creating multiple universes within our Universe. You know, a multiverse. I’ll be honest, though, the concept of eternal inflation is beyond my comprehension. And so, in times like this, I like to bring in a ringer. Today, I’m glad to bring you Dr. Ethan Siegel, an astrophysicist and science writer. His most recent book is Treknology, all about the science of Star Trek. Ethan tackles some of the most complex topics out there in an understandable way, and I could really use his help.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE For years, astronomers have been unable to find up to half of the baryonic matter in the universe. We may just have solved this problem. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: The Nature of Nothing | Space Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5rAGfjPSWE&t=55s Dark Matter! https://youtu.be/z3rgl-_a5C0 Dark Energy Playlist https://youtu.be/xZTb6sfHEX8?list=PLsPUh22kYmNA6WUmOsEEi32zi_RdSUF4i We’ve known for some time that around 95% of the energy content of the universe is in dark matter and dark energy. This dark sector doesn’t interact with light in any way and so is invisible to us. The remaining 5% - the light sector – represents all of the regular matter in the universe. Yet what if I told you that all of the stars and galaxies and galaxy clusters only comprise 10% of the light sector. The rest has proved as elusive as the dark sector. We think it must exist as extremely diffuse gas in between the galaxies, yet our intense searches miss up to half of it. At least until now. Resources Graaff et al. 2017, "Missing Baryons in the Cosmic Web Revealed by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect" https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.10378v1 Tanimura et al. 2017, "A Search for Warm/Hot Gas Filaments Between Pairs of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies" https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05024 Written and Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang BITISM CoolAsCats David Nicklas Richard Senegor Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Y2 Justin Lloyd Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Max Levine Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Craig Peterson Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Dykstra Peter Durocher Michael Kers Chris Hicks Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss

Computer modeling we do of our Universe suggested that half of the visible matter in the Universe was "missing", we couldn't account for the discrepancy between what's observed in our Universe and what's modeled in computers using the laws of physics our Universe is governed by. Does that mean that our physics is incorrect, or were we just looking in all the wrong places? Turns out, we were looking in the wrong places. === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO:Space is a crowd funded show. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for information plus our all new goals and reward levels

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Recent findings suggest that the fundamental constants might not be as stable as we assumed. And be sure to signup for your free trial of The Great Courses Plus at http://ow.ly/rcsA30beNw1 You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: The Future of Space Telescopes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL81uuYW9BY&t=40s Webb et al. 1998, A Search for Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9803165 Webb et al. 2011, A Search for Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.3907 Martins & Pinho 2016, Stability of Fundamental Couplings: a Global Analysis https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.08724 The laws of physics are the same everywhere in the universe. At least we astrophysicists hope so. After all, it’s hard to unravel the complexities of distant parts of the universe if we don’t know the basic rules. But what if this is wrong? There is a hint of evidence that the fundamental constants that govern our universe may evolve over time, and even from one location to another. Written by Graeme Gossel and Matt O’Dowd Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang BITISM CoolAsCats David Nicklas Richard Senegor Quasar Tambe Barsbay Meo Meow Oink Oink Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Hypernova Max Levine Edmund Fokschaner Eugene Lawson Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Joseph Salomone Martha Hunt Craig Peterson Barry Hatfield Matthew O’Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Scott Gossett Mark Dykstra Peter Durocher Michael Kers Chris Hicks Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.

Thanks to astronomer Edwin Hubble and others, scientists have known since 1929 that our universe is expanding. Its current rate of expansion is called Hubble’s Constant (H0). There are two leading ways to measure H0, and for fifteen years, they more or less agreed with one another. Not anymore, and that’s a big deal. Here’s why. In the “Standard Model of Cosmology,” H0 is a crucial ingredient, right up there with the speed of light. H0 factors into everything we know about the universe: how old it is, how big it is, what it’s made of... If H0 is ‘tweaked’, we get a different age of the universe, different relative amounts of matter, dark matter, dark energy, and so on. Unlike the speed of light, however, scientists can’t measure H0 in the laboratory. Instead, H0 has to be inferred from observations of the universe. One way scientists have measured H0 is to use observations of type 1a supernovae combined with their host galaxies redshifts. Each 1a supernova releases roughly the same amount of light when it explodes. Measuring the amount of light we receive from a 1a supernova tells us its distance. Measuring an object’s redshift, or its increase in wavelength, tells us how fast that object is moving away from Earth. Researchers use many 1a supernovae as distance markers, measuring objects in our local universe then moving out to get a measurement of the universe’s rate of expansion. The other H0 measurement technique looks at the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) -- the “afterglow” from the Big Bang itself. The early universe was hot and dense, light couldn’t travel freely through space. As the universe cooled, the photons were released. This radiation left an imprint, providing insights into the composition of the universe at that time. The CMB can be used to make measurements from the early universe such as the density of dark matter and dark energy. Those measurements can be combined with the model of the evolution of the universe, allowing researchers to infer the rate of expansion of the universe, or Hubble’s Constant. As these two camps have improved their abilities to measure H0, it has become clear that they disagree. A recent study using the first method yielded an 8% greater expansion rate than the second method’s result. Now scientists are asking: Are we missing something? Wendy Freedman, Sullivan professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago says, “It could be that we don’t understand the uncertainties well enough to know why these two methods differ.” Freedman led a 2001 study using the Hubble Space Telescope to measure H0 via the first method, and is leading a new project to measure it more accurately. Another intriguing question: Is it incorrect to expect agreement in these measurements of H0? Maybe the Standard Model of Cosmology, which predicts agreement, is wrong. That would send researchers on an exciting search for a new model of the cosmos. “Do we really know what makes up all of the radiation in the Big Bang?” wonders Freedman. “Is there a new kind of particle we aren’t accounting for? Or are dark energy’s or dark matter’s properties changing over time? Over the next few years, researchers like Freedman will be trying to poke holes in how each method conducts its analysis -- before possibly invoking a revised model of cosmology. Credit: NASA science.nasa.gov.

SUBSCRIBE to Space with Sarah: http://tinyurl.com/k5wxw6x Did the Big Bang really create our Universe? What is the evidence of Big Bang? In this episode of Space with Sarah astrophysicist, Sarah, explains how the cosmic microwave background, the expansion of space and the fraction of Helium in our Universe fits in very nicely with our theory stating that the entire Universe being created ~13.8 billion years ago. There is also a lot of other evidence not presented in this video. For example the ages of the oldest White Dwarfs. Creator: Sarah Pearson Producer: Brett Van Deusen Animator: Joshua Bogy Image credits: NASA The Illustris Project: http://www.illustris-project.org/ Via Lactea II - Diemand et al. 2008, Nature Digital graphics by Morgan Mullen Episode music by Krychek: http://krychek.nyc Episode background: Via Lactea II simulation by Diemand, Kuhlen, Madau et al. 2008, Nature Intro graphics by Frederik Olufsen: http://thefrederik.com/portfolio/ Intro Music by Palm Tree Gang & Max Fail (courtesy of Riotville Records): https://soundcloud.com/riotville-records/palm-tree-gang-max-fail-chameleon-feat-anuka Sound design by Tim Korn Dungeon Beach: http://dungeonbeach.com/ Color correction: Jeff Sousa Partially supported by the National Science Foundation: NSF grant AST-1614743

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/ This is part one of a two part series on the Big Bang theory. Here we cover the foundational concepts used in the standard model we cover in part 2. We start out with the basic Cosmological Principle for an isotropic and homogeneous Universe. We then review Hubble’s Law that came from the discovery that the Universe was expanding. We go into some depth to illustrate what expanding space is and how it impacts the basic idea of ‘distance’. This includes a definition of Cosmic Distance and how it leads to the Visible Horizon. We then develop a concept of how the Universe’s expansion would work using Newton’s gravitational theory including his Shell Theorem. We use this to define a cosmic scale factor and use it to see what happens in a matter dominated Universe. We then expand that to include a radiation dominated Universe. With the Newtonian mechanics view in hand, we update to Friedmann’s equation based on Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity along with the Equation of State. We examine the impact of flat, spherical and hyperbolic space on the cosmic sale factor, and identify the Critical Energy Density needed in order to have flat space. We end with a look at cosmological redshift, and an observation on galaxy counts that lead to the conclusion that we exist in flat space-time. Music: @00:00 Puccini, Giacomo: Che gelida manina - what a cold little hand La Boheme Act I: Rodolfo's Aria - "Che gelida manina" (Instrumental Version), Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “100 Must-Have Opera Karao-ke” 2015 @04:34 Beethoven, Ludwig van: Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-Flat Major, Op. 19: II. Adagio; Anton Dikov, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces” 2013 @09:41 Borodin, Alexander: Polovetsian Dances from Price Igor; London Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “The Greatest Classical Masterpieces! (Digitally Remastered)” 2008 @13:26 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich: Waltz from Sleeping Beauty from the al-bum Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich 2009 @16:37 Schubert, Franz: Music to Rosamunde, D. 797_ Ballet Music No. 1_ II. Andante un poco assai; Hermitage Museum Orchestra and Alexander Ti-tov; from the album “Schubert - 100 Supreme Classical Masterpieces: Rise of the Masters” 2011 @22:24 Offenbach, Jacques: Barcarolle (from Tales of Hoffman); from the al-bum “A Calendar of Classics - July” 2007 @25:40 Bach, Johann Sebastian: Double Violin Concerto; Anne-Sophie Mut-ter, English Chamber Orchestra, Salvatore Accardo; from the album “Essential Adagios” 2010 @33:00 Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, II, Lento; Berliner Philharmoniker, from the album “Rimsky-Korsakov Greatest Hits” 2005

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/ We begin with the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. We cover Recombination, Decoupling, and the Surface of Last Scattering that created the CMB. We examine the nature of the CMB temperature Anisotropy and how, through a process known as Caustics, it lead to galaxy filaments and great voids. This analysis includes Cold Dark Matter. We then cover Vacuum Energy, the Casimir Effect and Dark Energy. We then cover the observational evidence for an Accelerating expansion. We then go beyond the surface of last scattering to Neutrino Decoupling, Nucleosynthesis, Baryogenesis and Cosmic Inflation. We summarize with a review of the cosmic time line, and conclude with a look at current and future cosmology research. Music @00:00 Bach, Johann Sebastian: Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 645 ('Sleepers, awake'); Raymond Agoult and The New Symphony Orchestra of London – from the album “Essential Bach (2CDs)” 2000 @04:46 Offenbach, Jacques: Barcarolle (from Tales Of Hoffman); from the album “A Calendar Of Classics - July” 2007 @09:00 Strauss II, Johann: Waltz on the Beautiful Blue Danube, Op. 314; Pe-ter Guth & Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, from the album “Strauss: Emperor Waltz, Waltz on the Beautiful Blue Danube, Overture to Die Fleidermaus” 1998 @15:05 Bach, Johann Sebastian: Concerto for Violin, Strings and Continuo in E Major, BWV 1042: II. Adagio; Christian Altenburger, German Bach Solo-ists, from the album “50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces” 2013 @21:22 Beethoven, Ludwig van: “The Emperor” Adagio from Piano Concerto No.5 in E Flat Major. Op.73 ''The Emperor''; Julia Thornton, from the album “Essential Adagios” 2010 @27:56 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus: Symphony No.8 in D, K.48 - 2. Andan-te; Academy of St. Martin in the Fields and Sir Neville Marriner; from the al-bum “Mozart: The Symphonies, Vol.1 (Complete Mozart Edition)” @36:21 Puccini, Giacomo: Turandot, Act III: Calaf's Aria - "Nessun dorma" - none shall sleep; (Instrumental Version); Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “100 Must-Have Opera Karaoke” 2015 @39:52 Nicolai, Otto: Moon Choir (from The Merry Widows Of Windsor); Otto Nicolai & Bulgarian National Choir, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra, from the album “66 Must-Have Sensual Classics” 2011

The experiments based at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are undergoing a constant series of upgrades. Fermilab scientists Steve Nahn and Vivian O’Dell lead these upgrade efforts in the United States.

Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] Subscribe to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1 Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic Hello Everyone! Welcome to OUR Universe! If you've enjoyed the video... click the LIKE button! If you want to support the channel... click the SUBSCRIBE button! TITLE: How To Measure The Distances To The Stars LINKS: 1. Parallax (Wiki) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax 2. Standard-candle supernovae (Astronomy.com) http://www.astronomy.com/news/2014/03/standard-candle-supernovae-are-still-standard-but-why 3. Hubble Law - Redshift (Wiki) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s_law#Combining_redshifts_with_distance_measurements OTHER VIDEOS: 1. What Is Redshift? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikgRZt1BSyk 2. The Lifetime Of A Star https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UGBeedYuF4 3. Does The Moon Spin? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrzWzMUhQfw Thanks for Watching! Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] Subscribe to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1

Our universe is racing toward its destruction as we speak. The end is not going to be especially pleasant, but when that end will happen is still a point of contention amongst cosmologists. Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more. Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/ TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider