Europa - Jupiter's Moon With the Hidden Ocean
Jupiter's moon Europa hides a secret under his thick water-ice crust: An ocean that consists of salty seawater. Is it possible that we can find life on Europa?
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Robert Pappalardo - Europa Clipper - 20th Annual International Mars Society Convention
Robert Pappalardo - Project Scientist, Europa Clipper, JPL
From the 20th Annual International Mars Society Convention, held at University of California Irvine from Sept 7-10, 2017.
The four-day International Mars Society Convention brings together leading scientists, engineers, aerospace industry representatives, government policymakers and journalists to talk about the latest scientific discoveries, technological advances and political-economic developments that could help pave the way for a human mission to the planet Mars.
Oceans Beyond Earth on This Week @NASA – April 14, 2017
Two long-running NASA missions are providing new details about ocean bearing moons of Jupiter and Saturn – further heightening scientific interest in these and other “ocean worlds” in our solar system and beyond. The details – discussed during an April 13 NASA science briefing – include the announcement by the Cassini mission that a key ingredient for life has been found in the ocean on Saturn's moon Enceladus. Meanwhile, researchers using the Hubble Space Telescope observed a probable plume erupting from the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa, at the same location where Hubble saw evidence of a plume in 2014. Researchers say this could be circumstantial evidence of water erupting from the moon’s interior. Hubble's monitoring of plume activity on Europa and Cassini's long-term investigation of Enceladus are laying the groundwork for NASA's Europa Clipper mission, which is being planned for launch in the 2020s. Also, Expedition 50 Returns Home Safely, Next Space Station Crew at Launch Site, Student Launch Event, Groundbreaking for New Lab, and Yuri’s Night, First Space Shuttle Mission Celebrated!
Credit: NASA
NASA Reveals New Discoveries on Oceans Beyond Earth During Science Briefing
During a NASA science briefing on April 13, representatives from the agency discussed new results about ocean worlds in our solar system based on data gathered by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope.
The two veteran missions are providing tantalizing new details about icy, ocean-bearing moons of Jupiter and Saturn, further enhancing the scientific interest of these and other "ocean worlds" in our solar system and beyond.
New research from Cassini indicates that hydrogen gas, which could potentially provide a chemical energy source for life, is pouring into the ocean of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus from hydrothermal vents in the seafloor. The Cassini spacecraft detected the hydrogen in the plume of gas and icy material spraying from Enceladus during its deepest dive through the plume on Oct. 28, 2015.This means that ocean microbes -- if any exist there -- could use the hydrogen to produce energy
NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope saw a probable plume of material erupting from the moon’s surface on 2016, at the same location where Hubble saw evidence of a plume in 2014. These images bolster evidence that the Europa plumes could be a real phenomenon, flaring up intermittently in the same region on the moon's surface.
Both Cassini and Hubble investigations are laying the groundwork for NASA's Europa Clipper mission, which is being planned for launch in the 2020s.
Europa Water Vapor Plumes - More Hubble Evidence
The Hubble Space Telescope has captured even more evidence of water vapor plumes on Jupiter's icy moon Europa. The probable plumes appear to be repeating in the same location and correspond with a relatively warm region on Europa's surface observed by the Galileo spacecraft.
Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-missions-provide-new-insights-into-ocean-worlds-in-our-solar-system
Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson
Music Credits: "Street Dancer" by Donn Wilkerson [BMI] and Lance Sumner [BMI]; Killer Tracks BMI; Killer Tracks Production Music
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UPSC 2017-Europa Clipper,NASA and search for Alien life (Find out in less than 2 min)
Know about Europa Clipper, Europa, NASA in this video
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UPSC IAS 2016 Prelims has more than 50 questions related to Current Affairs. This shows the importance of Current Affairs in the preparation for 2017 UPSC IAS Prelims and Mains. Keeping this in mind, this channel gives you important current affairs for UPSC IAS 2017 exam.
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Ocean Volcanoes May Hold Clues To Alien Life
Scientists think studying 'extremophiles' in toxic hydrothermal vents could teach us about potential extraterrestrial life.
Why Does Deep Sea Life Look So Strange? - https://youtu.be/A23wI4lvCgY
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Read More:
What is a hydrothermal vent?
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/vents.html
"Scientists first discovered hydrothermal vents in 1977 while exploring an oceanic spreading ridge near the Galapagos Islands. To their amazement, the scientists also found that the hydrothermal vents were surrounded by large numbers of organisms that had never been seen before."
Deepest Hydrothermal Vents Teem With Strange Shrimp
http://www.livescience.com/17823-deepest-hydrothermal-vents.html
"Researchers exploring the seafloor south of the Cayman Islands have discovered the world's deepest-known hydrothermal vents, an underwater hotspot teeming with bizarre shrimp with light receptors on their backs."
Just How Little Do We Know about the Ocean Floor?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/just-how-little-do-we-know-about-the-ocean-floor/
"The entire ocean floor has now been mapped to a maximum resolution of around 5km, which means we can see most features larger than 5km across in those maps. That's the resolution of a new global map of the seafloor published recently by David Sandwell of Scripps Institute of Oceanography in San Diego and colleagues, who used some nifty tricks with satellites to estimate the landscape of the sea floor and even reveal some features of the Earth's crust lurking beneath sea-floor sediments."
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NASA's Going to Europa; Are We Building a Lunar Orbiting Habitat?; JWST and TRAPPIST-1
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Links to this week's stories:
NASA's Going to Europa:
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-065
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-receives-science-report-on-europa-lander-concept
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-europa-mission-begins-with-selection-of-science-instruments
Building a cislunar station:
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2017/20170309-nasa-iss-partners-cislunar-station.html
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NASA Names Next Jupiter Mission Europa Clipper
The Europa Clipper spacecraft is the formal name of NASA's scheduled mission to orbit and observe Jupiter's moon Europa.
The mission will tour the moon from orbit.
Scheduled to launch in 2020, the spacecraft is named after a type of sailing ship developed in the 19th century.
Clippers were fast for their times, with a narrow hull for their long frames.
However, the space fairing vessel will not be taking tea out into the solar system, like the trading ships of old.
Instead, the Europa Clipper will conduct at least 40 flybys of Jupiter's moon as it gathers data and images.
https://www.cnet.com/news/nasa-jupiter-europa-moon-clipper/#ftag=CAD590a51e
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Hubble Directly Images Possible Plumes on Europa
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope took direct ultraviolet images of the icy moon Europa transiting across the disk of Jupiter.
Out of ten observations, Hubble saw what may be water vapor plumes on three of the images. This adds another piece of supporting evidence to the existence of water vapor plumes on Europa - Hubble also detected spectroscopic signatures of water vapor in 2012.
The existence of water vapor plumes could provide a future Europa flyby mission the opportunity to study the conditions and habitability of Europa's subsurface ocean.
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson
Music: "Next Generation" by Enrico Cacace [BMI]; Atmosphere Music Ltd PRS; Volta Music; Killer Tracks Production Music
For more information: http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-hubble-spots-possible-water-plumes-erupting-on-jupiters-moon-europa
Read the science paper at http://hubblesite.org/pubinfo/pdf/2016/33/pdf.pdf
This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12375
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NASA's Mission to Europa: Exploring a Potentially Habitable World
Exploring Space Lectures
Presenter: Robert Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jupiter's moon Europa may have an internal ocean of liquid water, plus the chemistry and energy life needs to exist. Robert Pappalardo, Europa Mission project scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, will discuss NASA’s plans to send a robotic mission to evaluate Europa’s potential for life and address one of humanity’s most fundamental questions: Are we alone in the universe?
The Exploring Space lectures are made possible by the generous support of Aerojet Rocketdyne and United Launch Alliance.
How To Look For Life On Europa — Jupiter's Watery Moon
Jupiter's watery moon Europa is the next big target in the search for life beyond Earth. And the easiest way to search is to get up close and personal — right on the surface.
In February 2015, NASA announced plans for Europa Clipper, a flyby mission. Later in the year, NASA engineers started considering adding a lander.
While Europa Clipper would make wide orbits around Jupiter and close passes to Europa, the lander will get close enough to prod the surface with its sensors.
It could touch down with the help of a skycrane, like the one that delivered the Curiosity rover to Mars.
The lander would carry rotating saws and scoops to dig into the ice of the crust, as well as instruments to look for signs of life.
And it would have about 10 days to do its work because not even robots can stand up to the radiation pouring off Jupiter for long.
It's a short window, and one that's still six years away, but Congress seems to think the science is worth it. Since NASA announced the mission, lawmakers have pumped cash into the Europa program, set launch deadlines for both orbiter and lander missions, and directed NASA to use the Space Launch System to get its probes where they need to go.
This video includes clips and images from NASA. Music provided courtesy of APM Music.
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We're Going to Europa!
NASA's working on a mission to send a probe and a lander to Europa, but there are many challenges to overcome to make it happen.
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Sources:
http://spacenews.com/nasa-weighing-dual-launches-of-europa-orbiter-and-lander/
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/van-kane/20160105-nasa-europa-lander.html
http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/11/attempt-no-landing-there-yeah-right-were-going-to-europa/3/
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/van-kane/20160125-europa-budget-bulge.html
http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/12/congress-nasa-must-not-only-go-to-europa-it-must-land/
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europa-moon.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europa_Mission_Transparent.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Repeated_Flybys_Yield_a_Pole-to-Pole_View_of_Europa.jpg
http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/europa-water-vapor-plume
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EuropaClipper.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_tank_SLS_launch_through_clouds_-_Post_CDR.jpg
http://www.nasa.gov/sls/multimedia/gallery/sls-infographic3.html
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1339.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19048_realistic_color_Europa_mosaic.jpg
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/europa/overview.cfm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19048_realistic_color_Europa_mosaic.jpg
NASA Hits Milestone For New Exploration Mission To Europa
NASA Hits Milestone For New Exploration Mission To Europa
Follow Sebastian Martinez: http://www.twitter.com/SebastianSings
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Transcript:
NASA’s planned mission to Europa has passed its first internal review and now enters the stage known as formulation.
This would be NASA’s first visit to Jupiter or its moons since New Horizons flew by on its way to Pluto, and the first dedicated science probe since the Galileo mission wrapped up its tour of Jupiter and its moons in 2003.
Europa is one of the leading candidates for worlds that might support life beyond Earth. The mission, which doesn’t have an official name yet, would send a dedicated probe to investigate Europa’s physical characteristics and evaluate its potential for supporting life. (Video via NASA)
The Galileo mission showed Europa exerted influence on Jupiter’s magnetic field, consistent with conductive fluid beneath the moon’s icy surface. The leading theory now is Europa is covered by a global ocean of saltwater. This new mission’s science payload is designed to explore that possibility.
“Cameras and spectrometers to collect high-resolution imagery, an ice-penetrating radar to measure surface thickness and look for subsurface lakes, and a magnetometer to measure the strength and direction of the moon’s magnetic field.” (Video via NASA)
One problem is the radiation. Jupiter emits high-energy electrons that can damage sensitive equipment aboard space probes.
“Any mission that goes in the vicinity of Europa is cooked pretty quickly. Instead we’re looking at a mission that would orbit Jupiter, make close flybys of Europa, and then zip out of the high-radiation region,” said project scientist Robert Pappalardo. (Video via NASA)
The probe would complete an orbit around Jupiter every two weeks or so, for an expected total of 45 flybys.
It will be a while, though. This early in the process NASA hasn’t even started assembling the spacecraft. A launch isn't expected until sometime in the 2020s.
Sources:
NASA http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia19048
NASA http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09361
NASA http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=462
NASA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqTaDCt_F1Y
NASA http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=3202
NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/europa20130305.html
NASA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rxhv5lzXUgc
NASA http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia00144
NASA http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4598
Image via: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia19048
Alien Ocean: NASA’s Mission to Europa
Could a liquid water ocean beneath the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa have the ingredients to support life? Here's how NASA's mission to Europa would find out.
Alien Ocean: NASA’s Mission to Europa
Could a liquid water ocean beneath the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa have the ingredients to support life? Here's how NASA's mission to Europa would find out.
Mission to Europa Unveiled!
NASA has announced the scientific instruments for the Europa Clipper mission, and Cassini has passed Hyperion, the so-called “spongy moon,” for the last time.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
http://www.kurzweilai.net/ibm-simulates-530-billon-neurons-100-trillion-synapses-on-worlds-fastest-supercomputer
http://www.modha.org/blog/SC12/RJ10502.pdf
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/c-elegans-connectome/
http://jmicro.oxfordjournals.org/content/64/1/37
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095943881400035X
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1405/1405.3334.pdf
Europa Mission News
NASA announced on Tuesday, May 26, 2015, the selection of science instruments for a mission to Europa, to investigate whether Jupiter’s icy moon could harbor conditions suitable for life.
NASA received 33 proposals for science instruments to fly onboard a Europa mission, which would conduct repeated close flybys of the small moon during a three-year period.
Participants in the announcement were:
John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters
Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters
Curt Niebur, Europa program scientist, NASA Headquarters
For more information on the announcement, visit http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4598
Is NASA Going To Find Life On Europa?
Each month DNews will sit down with NASA to discuss amazing space topics!
This month, we'll be talking about Jupiter's icy moon Europa. Could its subsurface oceans harbor life? What extreme engineering challenges would we have to overcome to explore it? What field work is going on on Earth right now to help find life on other worlds?
Our guests will include:
Kevin Hand
Astrobiologist and Deputy Chief Scientist, Solar System Exploration
@Alienoceans
Bobak Ferdowsi
Engineer, proposed Europa Clipper mission, aka "NASA Mohawk Guy"
@tweetsoutloud
Morgan Cable
Chemist, JPL postdoctoral fellow
Join hosts Trace Dominguez and Dr. Ian O'Neill this Wednesday, August 27th at 4pm PDT as we attempt to figure out the universe. Leave questions below or tweet them to @DNews with the hashtag #SpaceOut for a chance to have them answered on-air!