GAIA (ESA SATELLITE)

Launched in December 2013, the Gaia mission is revolutionising our understanding of the Milky Way. The space telescope is mapping our galaxy in unprecedented detail – measuring the position, movement and distance of stars. At a meeting in Groningen in the Netherlands, scientists have been discussing the challenge of processing and visualising Gaia data. Learn more about the Gaia mission: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow us on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions #ESA #Space #GaiaMission

Launched in December 2013, ESA’s Gaia satellite has been scanning the sky to perform the most precise stellar census of our Milky Way galaxy, observing more than one billion stars and measuring their positions, distances and motions to unprecedented accuracy. The second Gaia data release, published in April, has provided scientists with extraordinary data to investigate the formation and evolution of stars in the Galaxy and beyond, giving rise to hundreds of scientific studies that are revolutionising our view of the cosmos. More info: http://bit.ly/GaiaScience Credits: ESA / CNES / Arianespace; ESA / Gaia / DPAC; Gaia Sky / S. Jordan / T. Sagristà; Koppelman, Villalobos and Helmi; Marchetti et al. 2018; NASA / ESA / Hubble; ESO, M. Kornmesser, L. Calçada ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow ESA on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr ESA is Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions

Space Fan News is Sponsored by OPT Telescopes and Patreon Patrons: https://optcorp.com/?utm_source=deepastronomy&utm_medium=telescopetalk&utm_campaign=home As NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope ends its mission once and for all, ESA’s GAIA Space Telescope offers new data prompting a reassessment of the estimate of rocky habitable Earth-sized worlds found by Kepler. This new information reduces the number of potentially habitable rocky worlds considerably. Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE The great advances in any science tend to come in sudden leaps. April 25th of 2018 marks the beginning of just such a leap for much of astronomy. In the early hours of the morning, the Gaia mission’s second data release dropped. Our understanding of our own galaxy will never be the same again. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: The Star at the End of Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iWGtQ03OZM The Gaia satellite was launched in late 2013, entirely built and operated by the European Space Agency. It’s primary goal is to map the stars of the Milky Way with a scale and precision orders of magnitude greater than ever before. Gaia’s predecessor, Hipparcos, catalogued 120 thousand stars, Gaia blows it out of the water with positions, colors and brightnesses of nearly 1.7 billion stars. Gaia can see orders of magnitude fainter and further away than previous missions. But its greatest superpower is its precise astrometry – Gaia can pin down a star’s position to the equivalent of a human hair’s width at 1000 km. That’s one-to-two thousand times smaller than the resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Fabrice Eap Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Craig Peterson Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Shannan Catalano Brandon Cook

The European Space Agency just dropped an enormous amount of data onto the scientific community. The location and position of 1.7 billion stars in the Milky Way. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60169-gaia-s-sky-in-colour/ http://sci.esa.int/gaia/58209-gaia-s-first-sky-map/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZfFdCknTQc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgE3bHLFqOw https://m.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/04/Rotation_of_the_Large_Magellanic_Cloud2

Phillips Auditorium Joao Alves University of Vienna Host: Alyssa Goodman Abstract: Most of what we know about star and planet formation has been obtained from spatial 2D observations of the local Galactic neighborhood (d ~ 1 kpc), collected over the last 70 years. During this time we have built a pragmatic, ​although simplified, view of the local complexes, establishing a series of ground truths that guide today's star formation research. For example, we use Orion as the template for massive star formation and Taurus for low-mass star formation. We have embraced supersonic turbulence as a fundamental pillar of the star formation process, but have not identified its source. We have organized groups of young stars as either bound clusters or associations and wondered about the origin of an all-sky structure we call Gould’s belt. Recently, we found that this view might be up for revision, as we have seen evidence for a new and more significant arrangement of young massive stars in the local neighborhood we call Blue Streams. These streams appear to be several hundred pc long and display monotonic age sequences, suggestive of a common origin at Galactic scales. If real, Blue Streams would play a critical role in understanding the structure of ​the ​local ISM, would give a much-needed context to local star formation, and even allow the prediction of the "galactic weather" our solar system will face in the future. In this talk, a week and a day after Gaia Data Release 2, I will present the very latest from the 3D view of the local neighborhood and will try to validate or reject old and new ideas.

The ESA Gaia mission was used to create a survey of 14,099 asteroidsin our solar system. 200 of the brightest asteroids seen by the spacecraft are highlighted. -- Gaia's Latest Data Release is a Treasure Trove: https://www.space.com/40406-gaia-release-color-milky-way-map.html Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC

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A virtual flight that takes the viewer from the Solar System through our Milky Way Galaxy. The journey starts by looking back at the Sun, moving away and travelling between the stars. The animation is based on data from the second release of ESA’s Gaia satellite, specifically on the 3D position of nearly 97 million stars, the majority of which have the most accurate parallax measurements in the dataset. Accurate parallaxes can be used to directly estimate distances to individual stars. Full story: http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60192-gaia-creates-richest-star-map-of-our-galaxy-and-beyond/ More information about this video and download options can be found at http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60225-fly-between-gaia-stars/ A similar animation comparing the data from the first and second release of Gaia is at https://youtu.be/648xGDdNz_g Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/ Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); Gaia Sky (https://zah.uni-heidelberg.de/institutes/ari/gaia/outreach/gaiasky/) ; S. Jordan / T. Sagristà, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Measurements from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Gaia mission were used to create this animation of the motion of constellation stars. The "apparent shift caused by Earth’s yearly motion around the Sun," called parallax, were taken into account while creating the visualization, according to ESA. -- Learn about the Gaia mission's latest data release: https://www.space.com/40406-gaia-release-color-milky-way-map.html Credit: ESA

The second data release of ESA’s Gaia satellite, based on the observation of nearly 1.7 billion stars, was published on 25 April 2018 during a media briefing at the ILA Berlin Air and Space Show in Germany. Anthony Brown of Leiden University, chair of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium Executive, explains the content of this unprecedented dataset, including positions, distance indicators and motions of more than one billion stars, along with high-precision measurements of other celestial objects in the Solar System and beyond our Galaxy. Gaia’s extraordinary data will greatly advance our understanding of stars in the Milky Way, and how the Galaxy formed and evolves. ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe

An incredible amount of data on tens of millions of Milky Way galaxy stars, that was collected by the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, was released on April 25, 2018. -- See the constellations 'dance' and more from ESA Gaia: https://www.space.com/40406-gaia-release-color-milky-way-map.html Credit: ESA

The second data release of ESA’s Gaia mission has produced an extraordinary catalogue of over one and a half billion stars in our galaxy. Based on observations between July 2014 to May 2016, it includes the most accurate information yet on the positions, brightness, distance, motion, colour and temperature of stars in the Milky Way as well as information on asteroids and quasars. ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe Learn more: http://bit.ly/GaiaRickestStarMap

A virtual journey, from our Solar System through our Milky Way Galaxy, based on data from the first (left) and second (right) release of ESA’s Gaia satellite. The journey starts by looking back at the Sun, moving away and travelling between the stars. A comparison between the two views shows the huge increase in number of stars and distances from the Sun between the two data releases. The view on the left is based on the 3D position of 1.4 million stars for which parallaxes had been estimated using the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) as part of the first Gaia data release, published in 2016. The view on the right is based on the 3D position of nearly 97 million stars from the second data release, published in 2018. The majority of these stars have the most accurate parallax measurements in the dataset, which can be used to directly estimate distances to individual stars. More about Gaia's second data release: http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60192-gaia-creates-richest-star-map-of-our-galaxy-and-beyond/ More information about this video and download options can be found at http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60221-comparison-between-gaia-s-first-and-second-data-releases/ Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/ Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); Gaia Sky (https://zah.uni-heidelberg.de/institutes/ari/gaia/outreach/gaiasky/) ; S. Jordan / T. Sagristà, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Explore Gaia's all-sky view of our Milky Way Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies in 360 degrees. The map, based on measurements of nearly 1.7 billion stars, shows the total brightness and colour of stars observed by the ESA satellite in each portion of the sky between July 2014 and May 2016. Brighter regions indicate denser concentrations of especially bright stars, while darker regions correspond to patches of the sky where fewer bright stars are observed. The colour representation is obtained by combining the total amount of light with the amount of blue and red light recorded by Gaia in each patch of the sky. The bright horizontal structure that dominates the image is the Galactic plane, the flattened disc that hosts most of the stars in our home Galaxy. In the middle of the image, the Galactic centre appears vivid and teeming with stars. Darker regions across the Galactic plane correspond to foreground clouds of interstellar gas and dust, which absorb the light of stars located further away, behind the clouds. Many of these conceal stellar nurseries where new generations of stars are being born. Sprinkled across the image are also many globular and open clusters – groupings of stars held together by their mutual gravity, as well as entire galaxies beyond our own. The two bright objects in the lower right of the image are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way. Other nearby galaxies are also visible, most notably the Milky Way's largest galactic neighbour the Andromeda galaxy (also known as M31), seen in the lower left of the image along with its satellite, the Triangulum galaxy (M33). In small areas of the image where no colour information was available – to the lower left of the Galactic centre, to the upper left of the Small Magellanic Cloud, and in the top portion of the map – an equivalent greyscale value was assigned. The second Gaia data release was made public on 25 April 2018 and includes the position and brightness of almost 1.7 billion stars, and the parallax, proper motion and colour of more than 1.3 billion stars. It also includes the radial velocity of more than seven million stars, the surface temperature of more than 100 million stars, and the amount of dust intervening between us and of 87 million stars. There are also more than 500 000 variable sources, and the position of 14 099 known Solar System objects – most of them asteroids – included in the release. A high-resolution version of this image is available for download from http://sci.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=60196 More information about this video and download options can be found at http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60219-360-view-of-gaia-s-sky/ The Virtual Reality application "GaiaVR" allows you to explore this map in detail and up close. It is available for Mac and Windows. You can download the application from http://sci.esa.int/gaia-vr Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC; ATG medialab; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/ Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); A. Moitinho / A. F. Silva / M. Barros / C. Barata, University of Lisbon, Portugal; H. Savietto, Fork Research, Portugal.

Animated 3D view of the sky as observed by ESA’s Gaia satellite using information from the mission’s second data release. The bright band in the left half of the image is the Milky Way, where most of the stars in our Galaxy reside. The animation starts with the Orion constellation at the centre; we then move towards the neighbouring Taurus constellation and to the Hyades star cluster, which is part of this constellation. Hyades is the closest open cluster to the Solar System, some 150 light-years away. The animation first shows the 3D structure of the cluster, based on accurate position and distance information from Gaia. Then an animated view of the future motions of stars is shown – both in Hyades and beyond. This is based on Gaia’s measurements of the velocity of stars across the sky, also known as proper motion. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY SA 3.0 IGO Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); Gaia Sky; S. Jordan / T. Sagristà, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe Learn more: bit.ly/GaiaRickestStarMap

Animated view of 14 099 asteroids in our Solar System, as viewed by ESA’s Gaia satellite using information from the mission’s second data release. The orbits of the 200 brightest asteroids are also shown, as determined using Gaia data. In future data releases, Gaia will also provide asteroid spectra and enable a complete characterisation of the asteroid belt. The combination of dynamical and physical information that is being collected by Gaia provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve our understanding of the origin and the evolution of the Solar System. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY SA 3.0 IGO Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); Orbits: Gaia Coordinating Unit 4; P. Tanga, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, France; F. Spoto, IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, France; Animation: Gaia Sky; S. Jordan / T. Sagristà, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe Learn more: bit.ly/GaiaRickestStarMap

A 360° animated view of the entire sky on 25 April 2018. After a few seconds, the stars start moving in the sky according to parallax, an apparent shift caused by Earth’s yearly motion around the Sun. Then, constellation outlines appear as visual aids. Finally, stars start moving according to their true motion through space, which is visible on the sky as proper motion. Parallaxes have been exaggerated by 100 000 and proper motions have been speeded up by one trillion (10^12) to make them visible in this animation. This animation is based on data from the second data release of ESA’s Gaia satellite, which has measured the positions, parallaxes and motions of more than one billion stars across the sky to unprecedented accuracy. ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY SA 3.0 IGO Acknowledgement: Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC); Gaia Sky; S. Jordan / T. Sagristà, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe Learn more: http://bit.ly/GaiaRickestStarMap

On 25 April 2018, ESA’s Gaia mission will publish its much awaited second data release, including high-precision measurements of nearly 1.7 billion stars in our Galaxy. Scientists who have been working on creating and validating the data contained in the catalogue tell us why they are waiting for this extraordinary release. Featured in the video: Antonella Vallenari (INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Padua), Anthony Brown (Leiden University), Timo Prusti (European Space Agency), Annie Robin (Institut UTINAM, OSU THETA Franche-Comté-Bourgogne), Laurent Eyer (University of Geneva) and Federica Spoto (IMCCE, Observatory of Paris). A media briefing on the second Gaia data release will be held at the ILA Berlin Air and Space Show in Germany on 25 April 11:00-12:15 CEST. Watch the webstream at www.esa.int/live Learn more about Gaia: bit.ly/ESAsGaia ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe

Last year, ESA's Gaia mission helped astronomers make unique observations of Neptune's large moon Triton as it passed in front of a distant star. This is a preview of the superb quality and versatility of the Gaia data that will be released in April. For more about this story see http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60011-chasing-a-stellar-flash-with-assistance-from-gaia/