GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

This week I had the privilege of chatting with Dr. Brittany Kamai about her research into how to improve gravitational wave detectors – as well as how we can each generate gravitational waves. We also discussed how she became a driving force behind the #ShutDownSTEM movement. Brittany is Native Hawaiian, an astrophysicist, athlete, author, mentor, and advocate for creating a better world. She is on a mission to help enhance our fundamental understanding of the universe and does so by weaving together every aspect of who she is. As an experimentalist, Brittany’s research focuses on improving gravitational wave detectors with novel technology ideas. She is advancing studies of seismic and acoustic metamaterials on a path to improve the ground-based detectors, namely LIGO and Cosmic Explorer. With increased sensitivity, we will gather deeper astrophysical observations to enable precision tests of cosmology, General Relativity, and stellar evolution. Brittany cares deeply about how we do science and infuses the aloha spirit into her practice of science. She advocates on national and international advisory boards to build towards a more equitable and inclusive field of astrophysics. She is the co-founder of #ShutDownSTEM and the Society of Indigenous Physicists. Dr. Kamai has received numerous awards during her career including as a National Academy of Sciences' Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow, Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellow, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow, among many others. Currently, Dr. Kamai is a Heising-Simons Foundation Postdoctoral scholar with a joint appointment between the University of California, Santa Cruz and Caltech. Be sure to follow Brittany on Twitter (@cosmojellyfish) and Instagram (@cosmojellyfish). You can also learn more about her by visiting her website, http://www.brittanykamai.com/. Join the show recording every Thursday at 8pm ET by leaving a voicemail at www.SpaceRadioShow.com. Support the show on Patreon. Follow on Twitter | Facebook | Instagram | YouTube. Justin G, Matthew K, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Neuterdude, Nate H, Andrew F, Naila, Aaron S, Scott M, Rob H, David B, Frank T, Tim R, Alex P, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Steve P, Dave L, Chuck C, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, lothian53 , COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Debra S, Alberto M, Matt C, Ron S, Joe R, Jeremy K, David P, Norm Z, Ulfert B, Robert B, Fr. Bruce W, Catherine R, Nicolai B, Sean M, Edward K, Callan R, Darren W, JJ_Holy, Tracy F, Tom, Sarah K, Bill H, Steven S, Jens O, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Brianna V, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Jim L, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, Joshua, David W, Aissa F, Tom G, Marc H, Avery P, and Scott M!! Produced by Nancy Graziano. Cheese for today’s tasting proudly provided by Dom’s Cheese Shop (https://domscheese.com/). Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist and the one and only Agent to the Stars.

Check Out Overview on PBS Terra: https://youtu.be/Pgj95EntvW0 Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime It was pretty impressive when LIGO detected gravitational waves from colliding black holes. Well we’ve just taken that to the next level with a galaxy-spanning gravitational wave detector that may have detected a foundational element of space itself - the gravitational wave background. Walk the Arecibo Catwalk With Matt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5j98wi_M2w&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTime Learn More About Gravitational Waves https://youtu.be/gw-i_VKd6Wo #space​​ #gravitationalwaves #discovery Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://pbsspacetime.com Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Sound of Pulsars https://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/people/sar049/eternal_life/supernova/pulsars.html End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Rick DeWitt Sandy Wu Matthew Miller Sean Maddox Brodie Rao Scott Gray Ahmad Jodeh Radu Negulescu Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal David Nicklas Quasar Hank S Christina Oegren Mark Heising Vinnie Falco Hypernova william bryan Leo Emerson muOn Marketing Russell Pope Ben Delo L. Wayne Ausbrooks Nicholas Newlin Mark Matthew Bosko Drew Hart Jason Finn Антон Кочков Alec S-L Julian Tyacke John R. Slavik Mathew Danton Spivey Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Joseph Salomone chuck zegar Jordan Young m0nk John Hofmann Timothy McCulloch Gamma Ray Burst Supporters Lawrence Tholl, DVM Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Alex Edwards Nick Ádám Kettinger Sylvain Leduc Anthony Kahng MD3 Endre Pech Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Pratik Mukherjee Geoffrey Clarion Nate Adrian Posor Darren Duncan Lily kawaii Russ Creech Jeremy Reed Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit] Derek Davis Eric Webster Steven Sartore DrJYou David Johnston J. King Michael Barton Christopher Barron James Ramsey Justin Jermyn Mr T Andrew Mann Jeremiah Johnson fieldsa eleanory Peter Mertz Kevin O'Connell Richard Deighton Isaac Suttell Devon Rosenthal Oliver Flanagan Dawn M Fink Bleys Goodson Darryl J Lyle Robert Walter Bruce B Ismael Montecel Andrew Richmond Simon Oliphant Mirik Gogri David Hughes Christopher Hartnett Mark Daniel Cohen Brandon Lattin Yannick Weyns Nickolas Andrew Freeman Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Astaurus Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Martin Skans Michael Conroy Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Tonyface John Robinson A G Kevin Lee Adrian Hatch Yurii Konovaliuk John Funai Cass Costello Geoffrey Short Bradley Jenkins Kyle Hofer Tim Stephani Luaan AlecZero Cody Malte Ubl King Zeckendorff Nick Virtue Scott Gossett Martin J Lollar Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith Daniel Lyons DFaulk Kevin Warne Andreas Nautsch Brandon labonte

After 100 years of theory and decades of experiments, astronomers at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory finally directly detected gravitational waves in 2015, forever altering the course of astronomy. Gravitational waves are literally distortions in space-time, ripples in the fabric of the universe. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, so only the most extreme events — black holes colliding, neutron stars twirling, supernovae erupting — would produce detectable waves. LIGO’s twin detectors in Louisiana and Washington state, along with partnering Virgo detectors in Cascina near Pisa, Italy, use lasers to watch for these tiny stretches and squeezes of space-time. The discovery of gravitational waves not only confirmed yet another aspect of Albert Einstein’s theory of gravity, known as general relativity, but it also opened up an entirely new avenue for researchers to observe and study the cosmos. In this episode of Infinity & Beyond, join host Abigail Bollenbach as she gives you the rundown on cosmic ripples known as gravitational waves. Stay up-to-date on the latest space and astronomy news at https://astronomy.com/news. And make sure to follow us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine), Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.magazine/), and Twitter (https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag).

Join us today as we examine major news coming out last week from institutions analyzing data from the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors: the largest and farthest collision detected yet has led to the discovery of an “impossible” black hole. Plus a triple-star system has planetary rings and the camera that will be at the heart of the Vera Rubin Observatory takes its first images… of broccoli. Want to support CosmoQuest? Here are specific ways you can help: * Subscribe FREE to our YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/c/cosmoquest * Subscribe to our podcasts Astronomy Cast and Daily Space where ever you get your podcasts! * Watch our streams over on Twitch at https://www.twitch.tv/cosmoquestx - follow and subscribe! * Become a Patreon of CosmoQuest https://www.patreon.com/cosmoquestx * Become a Patreon of Astronomy Cast https://www.patreon.com/astronomycast * Buy stuff from our Redbubble https://www.redbubble.com/people/cosm... *Join our Discord server for CosmoQuest - https://discord.gg/4g35wpW *Join the Weekly Space Hangout Crew! - http://www.wshcrew.space/ Don't forget to like and subscribe! Plus we love being shared out to new people, so tweet, comment, review us... all the free things you can do to help bring science into people's lives.

Speaker: Hsin-Yu Chen (Black Hole Initiative Fellow, Harvard University) Advanced LIGO-Virgo have detected tens of stellar mass compact binary mergers, including binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and potentially neutron star-black hole mergers. These binary merger detections carried plenty of information about the binaries and the Universe. In this talk I will focus on a few topics we learned from the gravitational-wave detections: the electromagnetic counterparts of binary mergers, the neutron star equation-of-state, and the expansion rate of the Universe. I will first summarize current status of the field and the future projections. I will then discuss future plans to expand and improve the study. Time: 5/13 (Wednesday) 14:20 - 15:20 Place: R1203

Some very strange gravitational waves were detected earlier this month but they’re unlike anything we’ve seen before. Scientists are scratching their heads, asking... what’s making them?! With SPACETV Writer and Host Cambrie Caldwell. Learn more: GRAVITATIONAL WAVES https://www.spacetv.net/gravitational-waves/ BETELGEUSE https://www.spacetv.net/betelgeuse/ ORION CONSTELLATION https://www.spacetv.net/orion-the-hunter-constellation/ Sources: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/gravitational-waves/en/ https://gracedb.ligo.org/superevents/S200114f/ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2229190-gravitational-wave-mystery-could-be-a-sign-of-a-new-kind-of-black-hole/ https://earthsky.org/space/ligo-gravitational-wave-burst-near-betelgeuse https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-detect-unexplained-gravitational-wave-burst-off-the-shoulder-of-orion/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/01/17/the-truth-about-betelgeuse-the-red-supergiant-star-that-will-explode-as-a-spectacular-supernova/#781994a411bf https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/how-far-is-betelgeuse Credits: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ESO- Zooming in on the flames of Betelgeuse - European Southern Observatory (ESO) Betelgeuse captured by ALMA - ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/E. O’Gorman/P. Kervella Supernova - NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/ESA/Hubble/L. Calcada SPACETV.NET

Betelgeuse WAS the 10th brightest star in the sky, does this dimming mean part of Orion is going to explode? 🌠 Get a free month of CuriosityStream using my link here: http://curiositystream.com/trace and the promo code: trace — plus you’ll get Nebula too! Stars are born, they get old, and they die and every century one will explode into an incredible #supernova! I talked to Sarafina Nance at University of California, Berkeley about why #Betelgeuse is dimming, when it’s going to explode, what that might look like, and what will happen. Join our astronomy club and go look at one of the sky's most famous stars! Go follow Sarafina (she’s way cooler than me): http://instagram.com/starstrickenSF http://twitter.com/starstrickenSF Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator 👋 FOLLOW ME Every dollar of my patreon goes to improving #UnoDosofTrace. Not only are you helping make the show better for you (and others) but you’ll get some cool perks too! 📍:: http://patreon.com/tracedominguez You can find me outside of YouTube on these other social things: 📷:: http://instagram.com/tracedominguez 🐤:: http://twitter.com/tracedominguez 😐:: http://facebook.com/official.tracedominguez 🎮:: http://twitch.tv/mrtraced 🐱 RELATED LYNX Betelgeuse is a workaholic, and one of the brightest stars in the sky https://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/news-display.cfm?News_ID=560 But now it’s dimming and Betelgeuse could explode! https://www.space.com/dimming-star-betelgeuse-red-giant-could-explode-supernova.html  https://phys.org/news/2020-01-betelgeuse-star-weird-dimming-rumors.html  https://earthsky.org/space/betelgeuse-dimming-late-2019-early-2020-supernova https://phys.org/news/2020-01-betelgeuse-star-weird-dimming-rumors.html General information about Betelgeuse https://www.space.com/22009-betelgeuse.html  General information about red giant stars https://www.space.com/22471-red-giant-stars.html  😘 SPECIAL THANKS TO… Sarafina Nance for taking time out of her busy schedule to look for a lost SD audio card that was never found, and also for letting me ask her nerdy questions for an hour. ❤️ 🐣 EASTER EGGS P.S —Sarafina and I met on Twitter because of our mutual love of space and science. She has been super popular on the internet as of late, because last year she realized that within her DNA was a gene called BRCA. BRCA genes are associated with extremely high risk of breast cancer, and one way to lessen that cancer risk is to remove all breast tissue — WHICH. SHE. DID. She got a double mastectomy at 26 years old to prevent future breast cancers. It’s amazing. She’s a queen. P.P.S — Now, not only does Sarafina talk publicly about supernovas, astrophysics, and STEM, but about cancer, BRCA, breast surgery, mastectomies, and be a cancer “previvor” as she calls it. Go follow her and learn you some things! I just wanted to say one last thank you for supporting me on this science communication journey! 💖 I literally could not do this without you. - #tracedominguez

In 2015, scientists discovered the telltale signal from ripples of spacetime sweeping over the Earth. It was the very first direct detection of gravitational waves, generated by the merger of two massive black holes 1.3 billion light-years away. This discovery was the culmination of decades of research and construction of huge instruments called interferometers to detect the warping of spacetime caused by gravitational waves. Today, the most advanced detectors, the LIGO/VIRGO collaboration, have turned up over 50 gravitational wave discoveries - on average one every week - allowing astronomers to perceive the Universe in a completely different way. What new gravitational wave instruments are in the works, and what does the future hold for this relatively new field of study? Our Book is out! https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/ Astronomy Cast: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at https://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Twitter: @universetoday Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] References: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-interferometer https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/media_files/binaries/313/original/LIGOHistory.pdf https://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/plan http://www.gw-indigo.org/tiki-index.php https://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_29/may_2018/features/gravitational_waves_the_road_ahead/ http://www.et-gw.eu/ https://tds.virgo-gw.eu/?call_file=ET-0106C-10.pdf https://cosmicexplorer.org/ https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1907/1907.04833.pdf https://sci.esa.int/web/lisa/-/61367-mission-summary https://sci.esa.int/web/lisa-pathfinder/-/59238-lisa-pathfinder-to-conclude-trailblazing-mission https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11305.pdf

I wrote a foreword for this awesome Sci-Fi book here: https://amzn.to/3aGrg0I Get a Wonderful Person shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: paypal.me/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about newly discovered gravitational waves that came from the direction of Betelgeuse star and some other new discoveries about the unusual star. Detection report: https://gracedb.ligo.org/superevents/S200114f/view/ Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Morrison Waud Vlad Manshin Mark Teranishi TheHuntress Ralph Spataro Albert B. Cannon Lilith Dawn Greg Lambros adam lee Gabriel Seiffert Henry Spadoni J Carter Jer Silver surfer Konrad Kummli Nick Dolgy UnexpectedBooks.com Mario Rahmani George Williams Shinne Jakub Glos Johann Goergen Jake Salo LS Greger Lyndon Riley Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Russell Sears Vinod sethi Dave Blair Robert Wyssbrod Randal Masutani Michael Mitsuda Assaf Dar Sagol Liam Moss Timothy Welter MD Barnard Rabenold Gordon Cooper Tracy Burgess Douglas Burns Jayjay Volz Anataine Deva Kai Raphahn Sander Stols Bodo Graßmann Daniel Charles Smith Daniel G. Eugene Sandulenko gary steelman Max McNally Michael Koebel Sergio Ruelas Steven Aiello Victor Julian Castillo xyndicate Honey Suzanne Lyons Olegas Budnik Dale Andrew Darling Niji Peter Hamrak Matthew Lazear Alexander Afanasyev Anton Newman Anton Reed

Why is Betelgeuse dimming? Is Betelgeuse about to explode? Betelgeuse is a variable red super giant star located in the Orion constellation. Most estimations have it going supernova within the next 100,000 years, but could it be sooner? Dr. Edward Guinan has been studying Betelgeuse and other variable stars from Villanova for over 40 years. He joins John Michael Godier to discuss his recent updates on the fainting and dimming of Betelgeuse. Updates on the "Fainting" of Betelgeuse http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13365 Want to support the channel? Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow Follow us at other places! Website: https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/ Music featured on Event Horizon https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com/ https://migueljohnson.bandcamp.com/ https://leerosevere.bandcamp.com/ https://aeriumambient.bandcamp.com/

Emanuele Berti of Johns Hopkins University Black holes hold the key to some of the pressing mysteries in modern science. Whether in isolation or in binary systems, they are excellent laboratories to probe high-energy physics and Einstein’s theory of gravity. The detection of gravitational waves from binary mergers marked the dawn of a new era in astronomy, and planned space-based detectors will open a new observational window at low frequencies. Gravitational waves from compact binaries carry important information on their astrophysical formation mechanisms, and on the evolution of the universe as a whole. Join us for a discussion about how gravitational-wave detectors can not only advance our understanding of black hole formation and growth, but also search for potential “smoking guns” of new physics. Host: Dr. Frank Summers of the Space Telescope Science Institute Recorded live on Tuesday, October 1, 2019, at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures

Leading experts (including Nobel Prize Winner Rai Weiss) discuss the future and far future of gravitational wave astronomy from upgrading LIGO to larger ground based detectors such as The Einstein telescope and The Cosmic Explorer to spaced missions such as LISA, DECIGO and the Big Bang Observer. For a timeline of content see below: RW =Rainer Weiss - MIT BS =Bangalore Sathyaprakash - Penn State SR = Shelia Rowan - Glasgow University GG= Gabriela González Louisiana State BFS = Bernard F Shutz - Cardiff University JB = John F Beacom - Ohio State MAM = Miguel Alejandro Mostafá - Penn State 00:00 SR on invisible messengers 00:30 narration on gravitational waves 1:21 RW on the first discovery 4:47 BS on first discovery 5:10 RW on the colliding black holes 5:30 BS on the mystery of the black hole masses and spins 6:41 GG on discoveries to date 7:46 narration on improving LIGO 8:10 SR on new technologies for imprivng ground based detectors 10:03 BS on upgrading LIGO 10:25 SR on new ground based detectors 11:38 narration on the Hubble tension 12:24 BFS on standard sirens and solving the Hubble tension 13:35 GG on larger ground based detectors beyond LIGO 15:19 RW on the above topic 15:44 BFS on the above topic 16:08 narration on LISA 16:23 SR on the need for a space based mission 17:39 RW on LISA 19:13 BFS on LISA 20:35 SR on LISA 20:48 RW on LISA 21:01 GG on LISA 22:26 RW on LISA 22:54 BS on surprises 23:17 RW on LISA 24:26 BS on pulsar timing arrays 25:39 narration on the mysteries that gravitational waves can unlock 25:55 BS on dark matter 27:26 narration on modified gravity 27:29 SR on modified gravity 29:14 BFS on dark matter 29:48 BS on dark energy 30:32 GG on dark energy 30:49 BFS on dark energy 32:27 BS on quantum gravity 33:49 BFS on quantum gravity 36:18 narration on multi messenger astronomy 36:42 JB on above topic 37:06 MAM on neutron star collisions 38:02 JB on neutrinos 38:27 MAM on AMON 40:39 narration on how do black hole and black binaries form 40:49 RW on above topic 41:12 JB on neutrinos and above topic 42:27 JB on the CNB cosmic neutrino background 44:26 MAM on cosmic rays 45:47 BFS on missions to look for primordial gravitational waves 48:07 RW on the Big Bang Observer

Has LIGO detected the ripples in space-time from a black hole/neutron star merger? All Space Considered’s Dr. Laura Danly checks out the universe’s gravitational waves. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Thank you to Draper and its Hack the Moon initiative for supporting PBS Digital Studios | Learn more at https://wehackthemoon.com We’ve been waiting to verify the existence of Gravitational Waves for over 100 years and I actually got to go to LIGO to see exactly how they proved it! I know, this video is a bit different from most Physics Girl videos. It's part of a new PBS miniseries called Stellar, done in collaboration with Matt O’Dowd from @PBSSpacetime and Joe Hanson from @It'sOkayToBeSmart. Over six episodes we travel to telescopes, go inside space research centers, and chat with amazing scientists. Next up is Joe's episode where he visits one of the telescopes that was part of world-spanning Event Horizon Telescope. Check out the other episodes in this series: The Quasar from The Beginning of Time | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqCPnXHKO5c Seeing a Black Hole with a Planet-Sized Telescope | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUpKta9yfCk&feature=youtu.be You'll be able to see future episodes on the Physics Girl, Space Time and It’s Okay to be Smart YouTube channels, as well as the PBS Digital Studios Facebook page. Stellar is a part of the PBS Summer of Space. They'll be lots of awesome space related content all summer long on PBS. See what's happening at https://www.pbs.org/summer-of-space/ #SummerOfSpacePBS #astrophysics #space Special Thanks to Michael Landry, Amber Strunk, and the whole LIGO Hanford team for all their help making this episode. Hosted by Dianna Cowern Written by: Sophia Chen, Dianna Cowern, Andrew Kornhaber, Eric Brown Directed by: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber Producer: Randa Eid Director of Photography: Eric Brouse Sound: Theodore Kinney Production Assistant: Alexander Robino Editing: Pavel Ezrohi Graphics: Murilo Lopes Assistant Editing: Daniel Sircar Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

On October 16, 2017, astronomers excitedly reported the first detection of electromagnetic waves, or light, from a gravitational wave source. Now, a year later, researchers are announcing the existence of a cosmic relative to that historic event. The discovery was made using data from a host of telescopes including NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. The object of the new study, called GRB 150101B, was first reported as a gamma-ray burst detected by Fermi in January 2015. This detection and follow-up observations show that this new object shares remarkable similarities to the neutron star merger and gravitational wave source discovered by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, and its European counterpart Virgo in 2017 known as GW170817. The latest study concludes that these two separate objects may, in fact, be related. The researchers think both GRB 150101B and GW170817 were most likely produced by the same type of event: the merger of two neutron stars. This is a catastrophic collision that generated a narrow jet, or beam, of high-energy particles. The jet produced a short, intense burst of gamma rays, a high-energy flash that can last only seconds. This was followed by an afterglow in optical light that lasted a few days and X-ray emission that lasted much longer. Scientists think both of these events involved kilonovas, that is, powerful explosions that release large amounts of energy and can produce elements like gold, platinum and uranium. Understanding these explosions helps astronomers trace our cosmic ancestry. There is still a lot to learn about these events, but Chandra is poised to help in this new era of combined gravitational wave and electromagnetic investigations into our Universe.

In this week's questions show, I explain how we now where gravitational waves are coming from, will there be planets around a white dwarf, what does it feel like where the space station is getting boosted, and if I'm an arrogant fool. 01:11 Gravitational wave directions 03:36 White dwarf planets 04:59 Antimatter farts 05:45 Our time in the Universe 07:51 Boosting the space station 08:57 Why am I an arrogant fool 12:06 Why do stars and planets look the same 15:05 Can the Grand Tour happen again 16:48 Best place for Martian fossils 18:45 Getting into astrophotography 22:46 Space dogfighting 25:08 Put Hubble in a museum Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The spectacular merger of two neutron stars that generated gravitational waves announced last fall likely did something else: birthed a black hole. This newly spawned black hole would be the lowest mass black hole ever found. A new study analyzed data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory taken in the days, weeks, and months after the detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO, and gamma rays by NASA's Fermi mission on August 17, 2017. While nearly every telescope at professional astronomers' disposal observed this source, known officially as GW170817, X-rays from Chandra are critical for understanding what happened after the two neutron stars collided. From the LIGO data astronomers have a good estimate that the mass of the object resulting from the neutron star merger is about 2.7 times the mass of the Sun. This puts it on a tightrope of identity, implying it is either the most massive neutron star ever found or the lowest mass black hole ever found. The previous record holders for the latter are no less than about four or five times the Sun's mass. The Chandra observations are telling, not only for what they revealed, but also for what they did not. If the neutron stars merged and formed a heavier neutron star, then astronomers would expect it to spin rapidly and generate a very strong magnetic field. This, in turn, would have created an expanding bubble of high-energy particles that would result in bright X-ray emission. Instead, the Chandra data show levels of X-rays that are a factor of a few to several hundred times lower than expected for a rapidly spinning, merged neutron star and the associated bubble of high-energy particles, implying a black hole likely formed instead.

Gravitational Wave Astronomy Andrew Fruchter, Space Telescope Science Institute The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the observation of gravitational waves. This new field transforms our ability to study the universe. For the first time, we can directly observe the mergers of binaries composed of the densest macroscopic objects in the universe—black holes and neutron stars. The results are revolutionary. We have discovered stellar mass black holes far larger than any previously known, and have seen them merge to form even larger black holes. We have seen evidence that neutron star mergers are a major source of the heavy elements in the universe. Dr. Fruchter will provide an introduction to the technology and physics behind the detection of gravitational waves as well as discuss the exciting new results. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, May 1 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring this episode! To find out more, visit: https://brilliant.org/SpaceTime Now that gravitational waves are definitely a thing, it’s time to think about some of the crazy things we can figure out with them. In some cases we’re going to need a gravitational wave observatory - in fact, we've already built one. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: The Physics of Life (ft. It's Okay to be Smart & PBS Eons!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcfLZSL7YGw&t=25s We are at the cusp of a golden age of gravitational wave astronomy. We’ve already talked about the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory–LIGO, and the first discovery of gravitational waves here. Those videos came out almost two years ago. A lot has happened since then. First, an update on LIGO. In its two and a half years of operation, LIGO has observed five certain black hole–black hole mergers. These events have been consistently surprising. Reinterpreting Low Frequency LIGO/Virgo Events as Magnified Stellar-Mass Black Holes at Cosmological Distances Broadhurst, Diego & Smoot (2018) https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05273 On Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mergers in AGN Disks Detectable with LIGO McKernan et al. 2018 https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07818 Stars as Resonant Absorbers of Gravitational Waves McKernan, Ford, Kocsis & Haiman https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1414 Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O'Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Faisal Saud Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Fabrice Eap Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Craig Peterson Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen TJMadison Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Brandon Cook Daniel Lyons