GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

Emanuele Berti of Johns Hopkins University Black holes hold the key to some of the pressing mysteries in modern science. Whether in isolation or in binary systems, they are excellent laboratories to probe high-energy physics and Einstein’s theory of gravity. The detection of gravitational waves from binary mergers marked the dawn of a new era in astronomy, and planned space-based detectors will open a new observational window at low frequencies. Gravitational waves from compact binaries carry important information on their astrophysical formation mechanisms, and on the evolution of the universe as a whole. Join us for a discussion about how gravitational-wave detectors can not only advance our understanding of black hole formation and growth, but also search for potential “smoking guns” of new physics. Host: Dr. Frank Summers of the Space Telescope Science Institute Recorded live on Tuesday, October 1, 2019, at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures

Leading experts (including Nobel Prize Winner Rai Weiss) discuss the future and far future of gravitational wave astronomy from upgrading LIGO to larger ground based detectors such as The Einstein telescope and The Cosmic Explorer to spaced missions such as LISA, DECIGO and the Big Bang Observer. For a timeline of content see below: RW =Rainer Weiss - MIT BS =Bangalore Sathyaprakash - Penn State SR = Shelia Rowan - Glasgow University GG= Gabriela González Louisiana State BFS = Bernard F Shutz - Cardiff University JB = John F Beacom - Ohio State MAM = Miguel Alejandro Mostafá - Penn State 00:00 SR on invisible messengers 00:30 narration on gravitational waves 1:21 RW on the first discovery 4:47 BS on first discovery 5:10 RW on the colliding black holes 5:30 BS on the mystery of the black hole masses and spins 6:41 GG on discoveries to date 7:46 narration on improving LIGO 8:10 SR on new technologies for imprivng ground based detectors 10:03 BS on upgrading LIGO 10:25 SR on new ground based detectors 11:38 narration on the Hubble tension 12:24 BFS on standard sirens and solving the Hubble tension 13:35 GG on larger ground based detectors beyond LIGO 15:19 RW on the above topic 15:44 BFS on the above topic 16:08 narration on LISA 16:23 SR on the need for a space based mission 17:39 RW on LISA 19:13 BFS on LISA 20:35 SR on LISA 20:48 RW on LISA 21:01 GG on LISA 22:26 RW on LISA 22:54 BS on surprises 23:17 RW on LISA 24:26 BS on pulsar timing arrays 25:39 narration on the mysteries that gravitational waves can unlock 25:55 BS on dark matter 27:26 narration on modified gravity 27:29 SR on modified gravity 29:14 BFS on dark matter 29:48 BS on dark energy 30:32 GG on dark energy 30:49 BFS on dark energy 32:27 BS on quantum gravity 33:49 BFS on quantum gravity 36:18 narration on multi messenger astronomy 36:42 JB on above topic 37:06 MAM on neutron star collisions 38:02 JB on neutrinos 38:27 MAM on AMON 40:39 narration on how do black hole and black binaries form 40:49 RW on above topic 41:12 JB on neutrinos and above topic 42:27 JB on the CNB cosmic neutrino background 44:26 MAM on cosmic rays 45:47 BFS on missions to look for primordial gravitational waves 48:07 RW on the Big Bang Observer

Has LIGO detected the ripples in space-time from a black hole/neutron star merger? All Space Considered’s Dr. Laura Danly checks out the universe’s gravitational waves. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Thank you to Draper and its Hack the Moon initiative for supporting PBS Digital Studios | Learn more at https://wehackthemoon.com We’ve been waiting to verify the existence of Gravitational Waves for over 100 years and I actually got to go to LIGO to see exactly how they proved it! I know, this video is a bit different from most Physics Girl videos. It's part of a new PBS miniseries called Stellar, done in collaboration with Matt O’Dowd from @PBSSpacetime and Joe Hanson from @It'sOkayToBeSmart. Over six episodes we travel to telescopes, go inside space research centers, and chat with amazing scientists. Next up is Joe's episode where he visits one of the telescopes that was part of world-spanning Event Horizon Telescope. Check out the other episodes in this series: The Quasar from The Beginning of Time | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqCPnXHKO5c Seeing a Black Hole with a Planet-Sized Telescope | STELLAR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUpKta9yfCk&feature=youtu.be You'll be able to see future episodes on the Physics Girl, Space Time and It’s Okay to be Smart YouTube channels, as well as the PBS Digital Studios Facebook page. Stellar is a part of the PBS Summer of Space. They'll be lots of awesome space related content all summer long on PBS. See what's happening at https://www.pbs.org/summer-of-space/ #SummerOfSpacePBS #astrophysics #space Special Thanks to Michael Landry, Amber Strunk, and the whole LIGO Hanford team for all their help making this episode. Hosted by Dianna Cowern Written by: Sophia Chen, Dianna Cowern, Andrew Kornhaber, Eric Brown Directed by: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber Producer: Randa Eid Director of Photography: Eric Brouse Sound: Theodore Kinney Production Assistant: Alexander Robino Editing: Pavel Ezrohi Graphics: Murilo Lopes Assistant Editing: Daniel Sircar Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

On October 16, 2017, astronomers excitedly reported the first detection of electromagnetic waves, or light, from a gravitational wave source. Now, a year later, researchers are announcing the existence of a cosmic relative to that historic event. The discovery was made using data from a host of telescopes including NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. The object of the new study, called GRB 150101B, was first reported as a gamma-ray burst detected by Fermi in January 2015. This detection and follow-up observations show that this new object shares remarkable similarities to the neutron star merger and gravitational wave source discovered by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, and its European counterpart Virgo in 2017 known as GW170817. The latest study concludes that these two separate objects may, in fact, be related. The researchers think both GRB 150101B and GW170817 were most likely produced by the same type of event: the merger of two neutron stars. This is a catastrophic collision that generated a narrow jet, or beam, of high-energy particles. The jet produced a short, intense burst of gamma rays, a high-energy flash that can last only seconds. This was followed by an afterglow in optical light that lasted a few days and X-ray emission that lasted much longer. Scientists think both of these events involved kilonovas, that is, powerful explosions that release large amounts of energy and can produce elements like gold, platinum and uranium. Understanding these explosions helps astronomers trace our cosmic ancestry. There is still a lot to learn about these events, but Chandra is poised to help in this new era of combined gravitational wave and electromagnetic investigations into our Universe.

In this week's questions show, I explain how we now where gravitational waves are coming from, will there be planets around a white dwarf, what does it feel like where the space station is getting boosted, and if I'm an arrogant fool. 01:11 Gravitational wave directions 03:36 White dwarf planets 04:59 Antimatter farts 05:45 Our time in the Universe 07:51 Boosting the space station 08:57 Why am I an arrogant fool 12:06 Why do stars and planets look the same 15:05 Can the Grand Tour happen again 16:48 Best place for Martian fossils 18:45 Getting into astrophotography 22:46 Space dogfighting 25:08 Put Hubble in a museum Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The spectacular merger of two neutron stars that generated gravitational waves announced last fall likely did something else: birthed a black hole. This newly spawned black hole would be the lowest mass black hole ever found. A new study analyzed data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory taken in the days, weeks, and months after the detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO, and gamma rays by NASA's Fermi mission on August 17, 2017. While nearly every telescope at professional astronomers' disposal observed this source, known officially as GW170817, X-rays from Chandra are critical for understanding what happened after the two neutron stars collided. From the LIGO data astronomers have a good estimate that the mass of the object resulting from the neutron star merger is about 2.7 times the mass of the Sun. This puts it on a tightrope of identity, implying it is either the most massive neutron star ever found or the lowest mass black hole ever found. The previous record holders for the latter are no less than about four or five times the Sun's mass. The Chandra observations are telling, not only for what they revealed, but also for what they did not. If the neutron stars merged and formed a heavier neutron star, then astronomers would expect it to spin rapidly and generate a very strong magnetic field. This, in turn, would have created an expanding bubble of high-energy particles that would result in bright X-ray emission. Instead, the Chandra data show levels of X-rays that are a factor of a few to several hundred times lower than expected for a rapidly spinning, merged neutron star and the associated bubble of high-energy particles, implying a black hole likely formed instead.

Gravitational Wave Astronomy Andrew Fruchter, Space Telescope Science Institute The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the observation of gravitational waves. This new field transforms our ability to study the universe. For the first time, we can directly observe the mergers of binaries composed of the densest macroscopic objects in the universe—black holes and neutron stars. The results are revolutionary. We have discovered stellar mass black holes far larger than any previously known, and have seen them merge to form even larger black holes. We have seen evidence that neutron star mergers are a major source of the heavy elements in the universe. Dr. Fruchter will provide an introduction to the technology and physics behind the detection of gravitational waves as well as discuss the exciting new results. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, May 1 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring this episode! To find out more, visit: https://brilliant.org/SpaceTime Now that gravitational waves are definitely a thing, it’s time to think about some of the crazy things we can figure out with them. In some cases we’re going to need a gravitational wave observatory - in fact, we've already built one. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: The Physics of Life (ft. It's Okay to be Smart & PBS Eons!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcfLZSL7YGw&t=25s We are at the cusp of a golden age of gravitational wave astronomy. We’ve already talked about the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory–LIGO, and the first discovery of gravitational waves here. Those videos came out almost two years ago. A lot has happened since then. First, an update on LIGO. In its two and a half years of operation, LIGO has observed five certain black hole–black hole mergers. These events have been consistently surprising. Reinterpreting Low Frequency LIGO/Virgo Events as Magnified Stellar-Mass Black Holes at Cosmological Distances Broadhurst, Diego & Smoot (2018) https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05273 On Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mergers in AGN Disks Detectable with LIGO McKernan et al. 2018 https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07818 Stars as Resonant Absorbers of Gravitational Waves McKernan, Ford, Kocsis & Haiman https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1414 Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O'Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Faisal Saud Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Fabrice Eap Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Craig Peterson Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen TJMadison Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Brandon Cook Daniel Lyons

Jan. 24, 2018 Dr. Eliot Quataert (University of California, Berkeley) Recently one third of the world's astronomers became involved in observing a distant and violent event, when two neutron stars collided and exploded. This represented the first time in history that a cosmic event was observed with both gravity waves and light -- the birth of "multi-messenger astronomy." Dr. Quataert gives a non-technical history of how we are now able to find gravity waves, what happens during such a merger, and why we now believe that much of the gold, platinum, uranium and other heavy elements in the universe is assembled in such mergers.

Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! We close out 2017 by reporting that NASA is showing its commitment to astrobiology by selecting two mission concepts finalists as part of the New Frontiers program; after a three-month investigation, scientists from the Very Large Array have zeroed in on the most likely explanation for what happened in the aftermath of a violent collision between two neutron stars; and finally, astronomers using ESO’s Very Large Telescope have for the first time directly observed convection or granulation patterns on the surface of a star outside the Solar System. Links to this week's Stories: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invests-in-concept-development-for-missions-to-comet-saturn-moon-titan https://public.nrao.edu/news/neutron-star-merger-phenomena/ http://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/news/eso1741/ Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Space Fan News Background Music by Colour the Landscapes: https://colourthelandscapes.bandcamp.com/ Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/

Ever since the first discovery of gravitational waves back in September 14th 2015, LIGO have been detecting more and more gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime. In this video, we discuss the most recent gravitational wave detections. ►Click here to subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB0fFWQLZ2oj-FaoDUG_wow?sub_confirmation=1 ►Hosted by: David ►Share this video: https://youtu.be/OuMKD9uaaFA If you want to read more: https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/16/16471616/gravitational-waves-ligo-virgo-neutron-stars-merger-multi-messenger-astronomy https://www.space.com/38471-gravitational-waves-neutron-star-crashes-discovery-explained.html https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/27/16368860/gravitational-waves-ligo-virgo-three-observatories-fourth-detection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_observation_of_gravitational_waves https://www.newscientist.com/article/2148784-latest-gravitational-wave-isnt-from-neutron-stars-after-all/ Music: “A Memory of Earth” by Markus Junnikkala

Dr Paul Lasky and Dr Eric Thrane. Have you heard the news of the detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger (GW170817) in the constellation of Hydra?  This is a momentous event in physics and astronomy and will go down as one of the highlights of 21st century science.   Several researchers in the School of Physics & Astronomy at Monash University were involved in this work, including Dr Paul Lasky and Dr Eric Thrane who gave this Public Lecture.

The 2017 Nobel prize for physics was awarded for the breakthrough discovery of these awesome waves.

What are gravitational waves and how are they detected? These ripples in space-time, sometimes caused by neutron stars colliding, were recently recorded in the groundbreaking LIGO-Virgo observation. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta Read more in "What are gravitational waves?" https://on.natgeo.com/2UhGJ19 Gravitational Waves 101 | National Geographic https://youtu.be/AsJLX2qLFpE National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

On Aug. 17, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope saw a short burst of gamma rays a smashup of neutron stars, marking the first-ever detection of light from a gravitational wave source. NASA scientists Colleen Wilson-Hodge and Tyson Littenberg explain what happened and what it means for science and discovery.

UC Berkeley theoretical astrophysicist Daniel Kasen describes how the neutron star collision was discovered and what its debris is comprised of. --- Full story: https://www.space.com/38493-gravitational-waves-neutron-star-gold.html Credit: Video by Roxanne Makasdjian and Stephen McNally Music: "Wonder Cycle" by Chris Zabriskie

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captured imagery of the source of the gravitational waves detection. Learn more about it from the Hubblecast video series. -- How far away was it? and more videos about it on Space.com: https://goo.gl/aAS5aC Full story: https://goo.gl/i9mMZ8 Credit: ESA/Hubble

More Info: http://www.caltech.edu/news/ligo-and-virgo-make-first-detection-gravitational-waves-produced-colliding-neutron-stars-80082 On Aug. 17, 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detected, for the first time, gravitational waves from the collision of two neutron stars. The event was not only “heard” in gravitational waves but also seen in light by dozens of telescopes on the ground and in space. Learn more about what this rare astronomy event taught us in a new video from LIGO and Virgo. Credit: LIGO-Virgo

Astronomers unlocked one of the universe's best-kept secrets. Since the '50s, scientists have wondered: Where do most of the elements in the periodic table come from? We know that elements like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are forged in the hot, dense cores of massive stars. But even stars aren't powerful enough to create heavy elements like silver, gold, and cesium. Turns out, the origin of 2/3 of the periodic table is unconfirmed. Now, a single event has given scientists a vital clue. Astronomers witnessed the collision of two neutron stars in a distant galaxy located 130 million light years from Earth. Neutron stars are ultra-dense stellar remnants. In fact, they're the densest matter in the universe. When two neutron stars merge, it creates an explosion more powerful than 1,000 supernovae. As the neutron stars spiraled in, they produced gravitational waves. LIGO and VIRGO first detected the waves on Aug. 17. Two seconds later, the Fermi space telescope measured a burst of high-energy radiation from the explosion. But these 2 measurements alone couldn't solve the puzzle. Astronomers needed to see the event in visible light. The first to spot the event with their own eyes was a team with the Carnegie Institute for Science. Initially, the explosion they saw looked bright blue. But after four days it dimmed to a dull red. The red color comes from a specific set of heavy elements that are produced by a process called the ligh r-process. But the blue color is a mystery. Some theorists suggest it's the result of a different set of elements called heavy r-process elements. But data from similar collisions are needed to be sure. This is the first time scientists have combined gravitational wave measurements with visible light. Who knows what new secrets may be unlocked next time? Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TWITTER: https://twitter.com/techinsider INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/

In these clips, four astronomers discuss the latest result in which NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, along with many other telescopes, detected light from a gravitational wave source for the first time. These scientists represent the many who worked very hard since the source's discovery on August 17, 2017, to make this result happen. This discovery is both historic and significant, and it represents a new era of astrophysics. Scientists: Wen-fai Fong, Daryl Haggard, Raffaella Margutti, Eleonora Troja.

2016 Special Breakthrough Prize and 2017 Nobel Prize winner Kip Thorne on what gravitational waves will be able to tell us about black holes, the first billionth of a second of the Universe and the birth of the electromagnetic force.

2016 Special Breakthrough Prize and 2017 Nobel Prize winner Rainer Weiss on what the detection of gravitational waves meant and what it means for the future.

Astronomy based on gravitational waves has been primarily done by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, known as LIGO. But recently, VIRGO, ran by the European Gravitational Observatory, was turned on to operational data gathering, and the first jointly detected gravitational wave has been found. Jared brings us this story === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO:Space is a crowd funded show. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for information plus our all new goals and reward levels

Scientists Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish won this year's Physics Nobel Prize for their efforts that helped lead to the first measurement of gravitational waves in 2015 by the LIGO team. The detection, which even defies Einstein's predictions, is considered to be the discovery of the century. This groundbreaking discovery will enable further research that will completely transform our understanding of the universe. http://www.businessinsider.com/2017-nobel-prize-in-physics-gravitational-waves-kip-thorne-rainer-weiss-barry-barish-2017-10 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit Tech using http://wochit.com

This year's Physics Nobel Prize goes to Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish for their efforts that helped lead to the first measurement of gravitational waves in 2015 by the LIGO team. Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more. Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/ TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

Stream episodes on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly) This episode is bought with the help of brilliant.org….math and science done right. Learn to think like a scientist with their carefully curated games and puzzles. Have fun learning… and help support SpaceTime by using this link so they know you came from us… www.brilliant.org/stuartgary Thank you…. *Fourth gravitational wave detection Astronomers have achieved a fourth gravitational wave detection of merging stellar mass black holes. The new discovery was a combined effort between the existing LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory detectors in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington together with the New European VIRGO detector near Pisa in Italy. *Discovery of a pitch black planet that eats light. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has observed a planet outside our solar system that looks as black as fresh asphalt because it eats light rather than reflecting it back into space. This light-eating prowess is due to the planet's unique capability to trap at least 94 percent of the visible starlight falling into its atmosphere. ^New Pluto mission proposal NASA has received a new proposal for a surface mission to Pluto. The new plan would follow on from the highly successful New Horizons spacecraft which undertook an historic close flyby of Pluto its binary partner Charon, and their five moons back in July 2015. *New Earth Observation satellite The CSIRO has joined a project developing and operating one of the world’s most sophisticated Earth observation satellites. The 430 kilogram Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing satellite – known as the NovaSAR -- will launch later this year on an Indian PSLV rocket. *NROL-42 spy satellite launched An Atlas V rocket has blasted into orbit from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California carry a secret National Reconnaissance Office satellite. The NROL-42 mission blasted off into black late-night skies which seemed more than appropriate for such a clandestine flight. *Russian Navigation satellite launched Russia has launched the latest member of its Glonass satellite navigation system. The Russian Military Air and Space Forces Soyuz 2.1b rocket carrying the Glonass-M satellite was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome north of Moscow. *The Science Report A new clue in combating aggressive brain tumours. A nine week expedition to the lost continent of Zealandia returns to port in Hobart. A new study finds that teens get their bad moods from their friends. New evidence claims modern humans were settling in the America’s some 13 thousand years ago. People who tend to trust their intuition are more likely to hold inaccurate beliefs. For Enhanced Show Notes, including photos to accompany this episode: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetime-show-notes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including iTunes, audioBoom, Stitcher, Pocketcasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Help support SpaceTime : The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audio book of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list For more, follow SpaceTime on Facebook, twitter, Tumblr, YouTube, Instagram, Google+, Patreon and Spreaker: Facebook: @spacetimewithstuartgary twitter: @stuartgary Tumblr: http://spacetimewithstuartgary.tumblr.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/spacetimewithstuartgary/ Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/2/collection/cabtNB YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhpBkuHSLfIRnliLB12HoC1QE0rwr8qRS Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/spacetime-with-stuart-gary-2017 If you're enjoying SpaceTime, please help out by sharing and telling your friends. The best recommendation I can get is one from you. Thank you…

More info: http://www.cosi.org/paulsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/COSI and http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter COSI Science Now is your guide to the latest news, breaking down the jargon and explaining the science behind the headlines! Come see the Deep Space Q&A show only at COSI's Planetarium. Visit cosi.org/exhibits/planetarium#deepspace for more info.

In this very short video Gabriela González, Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Louisiana State University and former Spokesperson of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, explains gravitational waves. To find out more see: https://plus.maths.org/content/stuff-happens-listening-universe

In this video Gabriela González, Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Louisiana State University and former Spokesperson of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, explains gravitational waves, what it was like to discover them, and what they might tell us about the Universe. To find out more see: https://plus.maths.org/content/stuff-happens-listening-universe

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE LIGO may have just detected gravitational waves from the collision of two Neutron Stars. And go to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime for two months of free Curiosity Stream. Use the promo code "spacetime" during the sign-up process. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=S4aqGI1mSqo Links to the videos mentioned: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gw-i_VKd6Wo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Tstyqz2g7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJ2RNBAFLj0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0&t=71 Last year LIGO announced the detection of gravitational waves from the merger of two black holes. The science world went a little crazy. Only a few weeks ago a new rumour emerged: that LIGO had, for the first time, spotted gravitational waves from the collision of a pair of neutron stars. If it’s true, some long-standing astrophysical mysteries are about to be unlocked. Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Richard Senegor Quasar Tambe Barsbay Max Levine Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Max Levine Eugene Lawson Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Joseph Salomone Martha Hunt Craig Peterson Barry Hatfield Matthew O’Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Scott Gossett Mark Dykstra Peter Durocher Michael Kers Chris Hicks Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Jared Moore Michal-Peanut Karmi Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss

Following 16 months of scientific effort, LISA Pathfinder completed its main mission on 30 June 2017, having demonstrated the technology needed to operate ESA’s future LISA space observatory to study gravitational waves – ripples in spacetime predicted by Albert Einstein. On 18 July, the spacecraft was shut down after being placed in a safe disposal orbit. The final command was sent from ESOC, ESA's European Space Operations Centre, at 19:57 CEST that evening. That day, scientists, mission controllers and the mission's management team gathered at ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, for a presentation on the successes of the mission prior to the shut-down. This video was recorded between 16:00-18:00 CEST, and includes highlight presentations on the mission's achievements. Speakers: - Rolf Densing, ESA Director of Operations - Andreas Rudolph, ESA Head of Astronomy Missions Division - Ian Harrison, ESA Spacecraft Operations Manager - Paul McNamara, ESA LISA Pathfinder Project Scientist, - Prof. Stefano Vitale, Principle Investigator for the LISA Pathfinder Mission, University of Trento - Phil Barela, NASA/JPL project manager for LISA Pathfinder Disturbance Reduction System - Colleen Marrese-Reading, JPL/Caltech - Prof. Karsten Danzmann, Director at the Max-Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, LISA Pathfinder Co-Principle Investigator More about LISA Pathfinder: http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/ More about LISA Pathfinder operations: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/LISA_Pathfinder

Gravitation wave theory. On my next break I'll do a quick video! But for now here's a quick sample of what I'll talk about... this blueberry fell into my cup of coffee and caused ripples. On the cosmic scale strong gravitational objects like rapidly spinning neutron stars or black holes orbiting one another can cause gravitational waves aka disruptions in space time in the form of RIPPLES that MOVE at the SPEED OF LIGHT. (**DISCLAIMER MY COFFEE DOES NOT MOVE AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT**) ☕️💡 Woohoo!! I managed to get this on my lunch break haha!! Back to set! Hope you guys like this!!

The LISA Pathfinder mission ends on 18 July 2017 after a successful demonstration of the technology needed to detect gravitational waves in space. These vibrations in spacetime, first predicted by Einstein over a hundred years ago, are produced by huge astronomical events - such as two black holes colliding - and will allow scientists to open new windows into our universe. The success of the LISA Pathfinder mission has paved the way for the newly selected LISA mission which, when built and launched, will detect gravitational waves from objects up to a million times larger than our Sun. The film features interview soundbites from Dr Paul McNamara, LISA Pathfinder Project Scientist, at the European Space Agency’s European Technology and Science facility (ESTEC) in The Netherlands. More about LISA Pathfinder: http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/

We’ve now had multiple detections of gravitational waves, opening up a whole new field: gravitational astronomy. We talk about the detections made so far, and how we can see the Universe in a whole new way. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii Chad Weber - [email protected] Just a couple of weeks ago, astronomers from Caltech announced their third detection of gravitational waves from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory or LIGO. As with the previous two detections, astronomers have determined that the waves were generated when two intermediate-mass black holes slammed into each other, sending out ripples of distorted spacetime. One black hole had 31.2 times the mass of the Sun, while the other had 19.4 solar masses. The two spiraled inward towards each other, until they merged into a single black hole with 48.7 solar masses. And if you do the math, twice the mass of the Sun was converted into gravitational waves as the black holes merged. These gravitational waves traveled outward from the colossal collision at the speed of light, stretching and compressing spacetime like a tsunami wave crossing the ocean until they reached Earth, located about 2.9 billion light-years away. The waves swept past each of the two LIGO facilities, located in different parts of the United States, stretching the length of carefully calibrated laser measurements. And from this, researchers were able to detect the direction, distance and strength of the original merger. Seriously, if this isn’t one of the coolest things you’ve ever heard, I’m clearly easily impressed. Now that the third detection has been made, I think it’s safe to say we’re entering a brand new field of gravitational astronomy. In the coming decades, astronomers will use gravitational waves to peer into regions they could never see before. Being able to perceive gravitational waves is like getting a whole new sense. It’s like having eyes and then suddenly getting the ability to perceive sound. This whole new science will take decades to unlock, and we’re just getting started. As Einstein predicted, any mass moving through space generates ripples in spacetime. When you’re just walking along, you’re actually generating tiny ripples. If you can detect these ripples, you can work backwards to figure out what size of mass made the ripples, what direction it was moving, etc. Even in places that you couldn’t see in any other way. Let me give you a couple of examples. Black holes, obviously, are the low hanging fruit. When they’re not actively feeding, they’re completely invisible, only detectable by how they gravitational attract objects or bend light from objects passing behind them. But seen in gravitational waves, they’re like ships moving across the ocean, leaving ripples of distorted spacetime behind them. With our current capabilities through LIGO, astronomers can only detect the most massive objects moving at a significant portion of the speed of light. A regular black hole merger doesn’t do the trick - there’s not enough mass. Even a supermassive black hole merger isn’t detectable yet because these mergers seem to happen too slowly. This is why all the detections so far have been intermediate-mass black holes with dozens of times the mass of our Sun. And we can only detect them at the moment that they’re merging together, when they’re generating the most intense gravitational waves. If we can boost the sensitivity of our gravitational wave detectors, we should be able to spot mergers of less and more massive black holes. But merging isn’t the only thing they do. Black holes are born when stars with many more times the mass of our Sun collapse in on themselves and explode as supernovae. Some stars, we’ve now learned just implode as black holes, never generating the supernovae, so this process happens entirely hidden from us. Is there a singularity at the center of a black hole event horizon, or is there something there, some kind of object smaller than a neutron star, but bigger than an infinitely small point? As black holes merge together, we could see beyond the event horizon with gravitational waves, mapping out the invisible region within to get a sense of what’s going on down there. We want to know about even less massive objects like neutron stars, which can also form from a supernova explosion. These neutron stars can orbit one another and merge generating some of the most powerful explosions in the Universe: gamma ray bursts. But do neutron stars have surface features? Different densities? Could we detect a wobble in the gravitational waves in the last moments before a merger?

GW170104 Update. 3 billion years ago two black holes merged, forming ripples in the fabric of spacetime (gravitational waves) which have just been detected by physicists at LIGO. In this video, we discuss the recent detection of gravitational waves and just gravitational waves in general. ►Click here to subscribe!: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB0fFWQLZ2oj-FaoDUG_wow ►Hosted by: David ►Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/AstroFocus_ ►Share this video: https://youtu.be/hd-IucA9aIU If you want to read more: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/01/third-gravitational-wave-detection-gives-hints-on-dark-matter-and-black-holes https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/science/black-holes-collision-ligo-gravitational-waves.html?_r=0 https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/1/15714908/gravitational-waves-black-holes-third-detection-ligo http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/06/x-ray-blast-produces-molecular-black-hole https://www.nature.com/news/ligo-spots-gravitational-waves-for-third-time-1.22093 Music: “Weathervane” by Blue Dot Sessions (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Blu... Credit: Black holes orbiting each other: https://youtu.be/B4XzLDM3Py8 Gravitational-Wave Sound: https://youtu.be/TWqhUANNFXw Black holes orbiting each other (2): https://youtu.be/FGC_DM7ZgAk Black holes orbiting each other (3): https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o Neutron stars orbiting each other: https://youtu.be/vw2sLcyV7Vc G-Wave Simulation: https://youtu.be/z7pKXVkcDzs Detector Simulation: https://youtu.be/FXlg3cr-q44 Circle Animation: (Go check out this channel) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCilPIl-SwFbtsoH8WLnvlfA

This week, the first science results from the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter are in; the LIGO collaboration has discovered its third gravitational wave event; astronomers warn that flares from red dwarf stars may threaten any life on exoplanets in orbit around them; and NASA’s next big space observatory, the WFIRST mission, is facing a funding crisis. Links to this week's stories: Juno First Results: This week, the first science results from the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter are in; the LIGO collaboration has discovered its third gravitational wave event; astronomers warn that flares from red dwarf stars may threaten any life on exoplanets in orbit around them; and NASA’s next big space observatory, the WFIRST mission, is facing a funding crisis. LIGO Finds Third Black Hole Merger via Gravitational Waves: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20170601 Red Dwarf Flares not good for life: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-161 NASA's WFIRST Gets a Financial Review: https://www.nature.com/articles/n-12339962?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews&sf86108167=1 Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/ Follow DeepAstronomy on Google+ http://google.com/+DeepAstronomy http://google.com/+TonyDarnell We also have a great Google+ Community, come share your thoughts and join the discussion! https://plus.google.com/communities/109849939648748938781t

Evidence has shown that almost 85% of the matter in the universe is unaccounted for, but scientists now think they might have a way to fix that. Gravitational Waves Discovered! Here's What You Need To Know - https://youtu.be/72AQsQ2v5cA Edge Of Space: Seeker VR - https://youtu.be/pCve1w1GFOs Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI We got nominated for a People's Choice Webby! That means, you can help us win. Please, take a minute and vote for us here (thanks!): https://vote.webbyawards.com/PublicVoting#/2017/film-video/general-film/vr-cinematic-or-pre-rendered Read More: Astronomers Are Attempting to Capture the First-Ever Photograph of a Black Hole https://www.seeker.com/space/astronomy/astronomers-are-attempting-to-capture-the-first-ever-photograph-of-a-black-hole "A system of radio telescopes around the world is peering at the gigantic black hole at the center of the Milky Way, a behemoth called Sagittarius A*." Gravitational Waves vs. Gravity Waves: Know the Difference! https://www.seeker.com/gravitational-waves-vs-gravity-waves-know-the-difference-1770854571.html "Though you'll likely see many news headlines heralding the wonders of 'gravity wave science', do not fall into the trap! While both have gravity in common, gravity waves and gravitational waves are two very different beasts. Read on to find out why and then show off your gravitational smarts to your friends the next time you're down the pub." Black hole mergers and the QCD axion at Advanced LIGO https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.043001 "In the next few years, Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) may see gravitational waves (GWs) from thousands of black hole (BH) mergers. This marks the beginning of a new precision tool for physics. Here we show how to search for new physics beyond the standard model using this tool." ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Watch More Seeker on our website http://www.seeker.com/shows/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Special thanks to Julian Huguet for hosting and writing this episode of Seeker! Check Julian out on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jhug00

The Hubble Space Telescope captured an image of a quasar named 3C 186 that is offset from the center of its galaxy. Astronomers hypothesize that this supermassive black hole was jettisoned from the center of its galaxy by the recoil from gravitational waves produced by the merging of two supermassive black holes. Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/gravitational-wave-kicks-monster-black-hole-out-of-galactic-core Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson Music credit: "Stealth Car" by Tom Sue [GEMA] and Zac Singer [GEMA]; Ed. Berlin Production Music/Universal Publishing Production Music GmbH GEMA; Berlin Production Music; Killer Tracks Production Music This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12539 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Or subscribe to NASA’s Goddard Shorts HD Podcast: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/iTunes/f0004_index.html Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/ · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard/ · Google+ http://plus.google.com/+NASAGoddard/posts

Host: Edo Berger Speaker: Brian Metzger The discovery of coalescing binary black holes by Advanced LIGO heralds the birth of a new field of research: gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. Coalescing neutron star (NS) binaries are among the new GW sources expected over the next few years. Maximizing the knowledge gained from this discovery will require identifying a coincident electromagnetic counterpart. One promising counterpart is an optical/IR flare, powered by the radioactive decay of neutron-rich elements synthesized in the merger ejecta (a so-called `kilonova'). Beyond providing a beacon to the GW chirp, kilonovae probe one of the dominant astrophysics sites for creating the heaviest elements in the Universe via rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. I will describe how the lifetime of the hypermassive NS created during a NS-NS merger impacts the light curves and color of kilonovae, and how this affects the ongoing strategy of LIGO electromagnetic follow-up. A small fraction of short gamma-ray bursts are accompanied by long-lived X-ray emission, which may suggest that some mergers result in the formation of long-lived - or even indefinitely stable - NS remnants. If this association is confirmed, this would place stringent constraints on the equation of state of nuclear density matter.

Victoria Kaspi (McGill University) explains the effort to detect gravitational waves from neutron stars during her 2016 public lectures at Perimeter Institute, "The Cosmic Gift of Neutron Stars." Watch the full talk: https://youtu.be/6UG9hoeLcHo Watch more Perimeter public lectures: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/discover/public-lectures/

A billion years ago, two black holes collided and merged, sending powerful ripples across the fabric of space-time. In 2015 those gravitational waves reached Earth and tickled the detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). This first-ever detection of gravitational waves confirmed a long-standing prediction of Einstein's general relativity. It also was the culmination of a decades-long effort. Learn about the technical challenges of LIGO and the significance of this momentous event from one of the field's great pioneers, Rainer Weiss. Original music by Mark C. Petersen, Loch Ness Productions. Used with permission. Animations used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

To celebrate the one-year anniversary of a discovery that changed the face of astronomy, on 7 February we feature the exclusive world premiere of a new documentary. LIGO Detection reveals what unfolded behind the scenes between the detection of merging black holes on 14 September 2015, and five months later when LIGO announced it to the world. Sign up to our newsletter and find out about exclusive content like this before anyone else: https://www.newscientist.com/registration/ Read more about the discovery of gravitational waves: https://www.newscientist.com/ligodetection

About the talk 2016 saw the first ever detection of gravitational waves, 100 years after their initial theoretical prediction by Einstein and following 50 years of arduous experimental effort. However, even theoretically, the existence of gravitational waves was a controversial matter for much of the last century. Ultimately, the matter was settled (by the LIGO collaboration) by detecting the ripples created by colliding black holes (themselves highly controversial objects for much of the last century). The first detection of gravitational waves is, then, tightly bound up with the first observation of colliding (and merging) black holes. This opens up the possibility of a new era of physics, astronomy and cosmology in which the enormous energies released from such collisions, and the gravitational waves they generate, can be used as a new space-based laboratory probing aspects of the universe previously out of bounds. Professor Rickles will offer an historical survey of some of the early controversies, show how the new developments settle these, and consider new problems and prospects thrown up in the aftermath. About the speaker Professor Dean Rickles is Professor of History and Philosophy of Modern Physics and Australian Research Council Future Fellow at the University of Sydney, where he is also co-director of the Centre for Time. He has written several books, including most recently A Brief History of String Theory and Philosophy of Physics.

Matthew Evans (MIT)

In 2016 astronomers detected gravitational waves from the merger of two distant black holes. What do these mysterious signals mean for the universe?

I find the story of gravitational wave detection fascinating, particularly as it shows the deep skepticism of scientists. First, disbelieve. The absurd physics of gravitational wave detection: https://youtu.be/iphcyNWFD10 Music from http://www.epidemicsound.com "Trapped in Cello 1"

A head-vaporizing laser with a perfect wavelength detecting sub-proton space-time ripples. Huge thanks to Prof Rana Adhikari and LIGO: http://ligo.org Here's how he felt when he learned about the first ever detection: https://youtu.be/ViMnGgn87dg Thanks to Patreon supporters: Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Saeed Alghamdi, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon A lot of videos have covered the general overview of the discovery of gravitational waves, what they are, the history of the search, when they were found but I wanted to delve into the absurd science that made the detection possible. When scientists want one megawatt of laser power, it's not just for fun (though I'm sure it's that too), it's because the fluctuations in the number of photons is proportional to their square root, making more powerful beams less noisy (as a fraction of their total). The smoothest mirrors were created not for aesthetic joy but because when you're trying to measure wiggles that are a fraction the width of a proton, a rough mirror surface simply won't do. Filmed by Daniel Joseph Files Music by Kevin MacLeod, http://www.incompetech.com "Black Vortex" (appropriately named) Music licensed from Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com "Observations 2" (also appropriately named)