GRAVITY

One hundred years ago this month, observations performed during a total solar eclipse proved for the first time the gravitational bending of light predicted by Albert Einstein’s new theory of gravity, general relativity. In this video, Günther Hasinger, ESA Director of Science, reflects on this historic measurement that inaugurated a century of exciting experiments, investigating gravity on Earth and in space and proving general relativity in ever greater detail. On Earth, we deal with gravity every day. We feel it, we fight it, and – more importantly – we investigate it. Space agencies such as we routinely launch spacecraft against our planet’s gravity, and sometimes these spacecraft borrow the gravity of Earth or other planets to reach interesting places in the Solar System. We study the gravity field of Earth from orbit, and fly experiments on parabolic flights, sounding rockets and the International Space Station to examine a variety of systems under different gravitational conditions. On the grandest scales, our space science missions explore how gravity affects planets, stars and galaxies across the cosmos and probe how matter behaves in the strong gravitational field created by some of the Universe’s most extreme objects like black holes. Copyright: ESA Credits: ESA/CESAR (solar eclipse sequence); ESO/M. Kornmesser (black hole); Royal Astronomical Society (negative photo of the 1919 solar eclipse); ESA/Hubble, NASA (gravitationally lensed quasar); ESO/Gravity Consortium/L. Calçada (black hole simulation) ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow us on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions #ESA #SpaceScience #Gravity

Do string theory and loop quantum gravity consider retro-causality or quantum entanglement? Did the universe start with the Big Bang? Jim Baggott answers audience questions following his talk. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Watch the talk: https://youtu.be/dW7J49UTns8 Jim Baggott is an award-winning science writer. He trained as a scientist, completing a doctorate in chemical physics at the University of Oxford in the early 80s, before embarking on post-doctoral research studies at Oxford and at Stanford University in California. This Q&A was filmed at the Ri on 12 February 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Darren Jones, Dave Ostler, David Lindo, Elizabeth Greasley, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, Sergei Solovev and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

In this week's QA, I answer if Opportunity could ever phone home, are there stars between galaxies, and who, exactly, is Chad? Featuring a special guest answer from Dr. Becky. Check out Dr. Becky's channel at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYNbYGl89UUowy8oXkipC-Q 01:45 What if Opportunity phoned home? 03:11 Stars between galaxies? 04:39 Who is Chad? 05:28 Why can't we calculate the size of the Universe? 08:28 Least toxic comment section 09:15 Where does the Solar System rotation come from? 11:00 Did Panspermia happen multiple times? 12:55 Could a black hole form from molecule collisions? 15:24 What would it take to repair Opportunity? 17:26 Why can't we accelerate for 1G? Reference: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-maximum-speed-a-chemical-rocket-can-achieve 19:28 Is Oumuamua a Von Neumann probe? 21:18 Is there anything that doesn't orbit anything? Our Book is out! https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/ Astronomy Cast: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected]

If you're interested in licensing this or any other Big Think clip for commercial or private use, contact our licensing partner Executive Interviews: https://www.executiveinterviews.biz/contact-us/americas/ If the universe is expanding in all directions, why is Andromeda hurtling toward the Milky Way? - The Andromeda Galaxy and our Milky Way are on a collision course that will obliterate life on Earth 4.5 billion years from now. - The universe is expanding in all directions, all at once – so why are Andromeda and the Milky Way drawing nearer? The gravity between them is a stronger force than expansion. - The rate of expansion is accelerating. If it continues to speed up, its force may become strong enough pull things apart that are currently held together by superior forces: Our galaxy, the solar system, and even the atoms in our bodies. That possible ending to the universe is known as the 'Big Rip'. Dr. Michelle Thaller is an astronomer who studies binary stars and the life cycles of stars. She is Assistant Director of Science Communication at NASA. She went to college at Harvard University, completed a post-doctoral research fellowship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, Calif. then started working for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Spitzer Space Telescope. After a hugely successful mission, she moved on to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), in the Washington D.C. area. In her off-hours often puts on about 30lbs of Elizabethan garb and performs intricate Renaissance dances. For more information, visit NASA.gov Read more at BigThink.com: https://bigthink.com/videos/the-science-of-expansion-andromeda-gravity-and-the-big-rip Follow Big Think here: YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink One of the questions I get asked most commonly as an astronomer is if almost all the galaxies in the universe are flying away from us in space, why is the Andromeda Galaxy getting closer to us? Does that somehow mean that the Big Bang works differently in different parts of the universe? And the answer simply is: no. Space is expanding because of the Big Bang. All of space is expanding in every direction all at once and from our viewpoint that means that it looks like all the other galaxies are moving away from us. But not all the universe around us appears to be expanding. For example, the Earth doesn't seem to be getting any farther away from the Sun. The Sun is not getting any farther away from our galaxy. Thank about smaller scales, like your body; your body (luckily) is not expanding along with the universe. And the reason is that the expansion of the universe is actually a pretty gentle force; you really only notice it out in the middle of nowhere in the vast reaches of space between the galaxies. There's a lot of space out of there, so there is a lot of space to expand and so you really notice this expansion. But there are things that are stronger than the expansion force. For example, my body is held together by chemical forces and by electrical forces. That is much, much stronger than the tiny little push that space has to expand inside me. I hold together very well. One of the analogies I think about is: You could try to push over the Empire State Building by blowing on it. You are actually exerting a force on the Empire State Building by blowing on it, you can measure that force, but you're not going to blow over the Empire State Building. There are things that are much stronger than this omnipresent but gentle force of the expansion of the universe. The gravity between the Sun and the Earth is stronger than space's pressure to expand over that scale. The force of gravity is stronger than the outward push of the expansion of the universe. That's also true of the galaxy, we are held in orbit around the center of the galaxy. Gravitationally, that's much stronger than any expansion force...

A discussion of Messier 70 to kick off a description of Gravothermal Catastrophe. More links and info in full description ↓↓↓ Watch our videos on all the Messier Objects: http://bit.ly/MessierObjects Sorry for the Catastrophic typo! Featuring Professor Mike Merrifield from the University of Nottingham. https://twitter.com/astromikemerri Discuss this video on Brady's subreddit: https://redd.it/amo9ny Deep Sky Videos website: http://www.deepskyvideos.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeepSkyVideos Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/DeepSkyVideos More about the astronomers in our videos: http://www.deepskyvideos.com/pages/contributors.html Supported by the University of Nottingham Back us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/deepskyvideos Video by James Hennessy and Brady Haran

In this week's Questions Show, I wonder if there's a way ion engines can give us artificial gravity, if electromagnetic rail guns can launch space craft, and should we be worried about returning alien pathogens back to Earth? 00:22 Ion drive artificial acceleration 02:17 CMB absolute speed 04:55 Magnetic launch system 08:19 What if aliens don't use the same EM spectrum 10:13 Pathogens from Europa? 11:43 Universal time system? 12:51 Secret fusion projects 15:02 What if we find life on Europa? 18:17 What is the Milky Way orbiting? 19:26 How do we dispose of heat in space? 21:18 Higher orbit, slower speed? 23:24 How to judge the speed of galaxies? Featuring a special guest answer from Athena Brensberger at Astroathens. Check out her channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdhES1DtY9klIfJsjGKs3gQ Our Book is out! https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected]

In this week's Questions Show, I wonder if there's a way ion engines can give us artificial gravity, if electromagnetic rail guns can launch space craft, and should we be worried about returning alien pathogens back to Earth? 00:22 Ion drive artificial acceleration 02:17 CMB absolute speed 04:55 Magnetic launch system 08:19 What if aliens don't use the same EM spectrum 10:13 Pathogens from Europa? 11:43 Universal time system? 12:51 Secret fusion projects 15:02 What if we find life on Europa? 18:17 What is the Milky Way orbiting? 19:26 How do we dispose of heat in space? 21:18 Higher orbit, slower speed? 23:24 How to judge the speed of galaxies? Featuring a special guest answer from Athena Brensberger at Astroathens. Check out her channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdhES1DtY9klIfJsjGKs3gQ Our Book is out! https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected]

The GRAVITY instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has seen what seems an impossible sight... The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. Credit:ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Ivana Kurečić, Mariya Lyubenova, and Calum Turner. Music: John Stanford – The Edge (johnstanfordmusic.com). Footage and photos: ESO, UHD Team, M. Kornmesser, B. Tafreshi (twanight.org), MPE, F. Kamphues, MATISSE consortium, P. Horálek. Scientific Consultants: Paola Amico and Mariya Lyubenova. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

Artificial gravity is a concept that is ubiquitous in our science fiction yet elusive in our space program. Why is this? And how could we develop artificial gravity soon? In a Cool Worlds special, this video essay goes in depth on the topic discussing why centrifuges are the most plausible solution and early ideas on the topic. Join us a journey from Einstein's equivalence principle, to O'Neill Cylinders and Stanford Tori; from Coriolis forces to near-term experiments. Grab a cup of a tea and enjoy. Chapters: 0:08 Introduction 5:43 The O’Neill Cylinder 8:10 The Stanford Torus 10:16 Down-Sizing 13:31 Coriolis 16:52 Vertical Coriolis 19:32 Tipping Coriolis 21:34 Canal Sickness 27:01 Stability 29:28 Near-Tear Experiments Academic articles used: ► Nesti et al. (2014), "Human sensitivity to vertical motion", Exp Brain Res., 232, 303: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898153/ ► Harris et al. (2014), "How Much Gravity Is Needed to Establish the Perceptual Upright?", PLoS One, 9, e106207: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153541/ (0.15g) ► Cohen et al. (2000), "Effects of Prolonged Centrifugation on Orthostasis", Aerospace Medical Association 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting 2001: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010106394 ► Graybiel et al. (1960), "Observations on Human Subjects Living in a 'Slow Rotation Room' for Periods of Two Days", Arch Neurol., 3, 55: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/562689 ► Theodore Hall (1993), "The Architecture of Artificial Gravity: Archetypes and Transformations of Terrestrial Design", PhD Thesis, University of Michigan: http://www.artificial-gravity.com/SSI-1993-Hall.pdf ► Theodore Hall (2002), "Architectural Considerations for a Minimum Mass, Minimum Energy, Artificial Gravity Environment", SAE Technical paper Series, http://www.artificial-gravity.com/SAE-2002-01-2431.pdf ► Online lecture by Theodore Hall in 2015 at SEEDS: https://youtu.be/2_2UxSRQxF4 ► Holderman & Henderson (2011): https://www.scribd.com/document/51592987/Nautilus-X-Holderman-1-26-11 ► Kirk Sorensen (2005), "A Tether-Based Variable-Gravity Research Facility Concept": http://www.artificial-gravity.com/JANNAF-2005-Sorensen.pdf Video materials used: ► Numerous NASA videos, in particular of ISS, the Dawn Mission, as well Stanford Torus video: https://youtu.be/UcO_BjXfhhc ► Nautilus X videos from f r a g o m a t i k: https://youtu.be/hObbL4DCesI and https://youtu.be/04HyXw-kcC0 ► High G blackout videos from VIDSTORM: https://youtu.be/YVkzZQVSX08 ► Inner ear video from Fauquier ENT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMIMvBa8XGs ► World Record 83 G Deceleration Peak on Rocket Sled 1958-05-16 (1967) USAF: https://youtu.be/siau78EFLgc ► SpaceX Falcon Heavy test flight: https://youtu.be/wbSwFU6tY1c ► "ORBIT - A Journey Around Earth in Real Time" by Seán Doran: https://youtu.be/Xjs6fnpPWy4 ► MIT Coriolis demonstration: https://youtu.be/dt_XJp77-mk ► MPI CyberMotion Simulator: https://youtu.be/ThkymYRP1g8 ► Not a video but thanks to Don Davis for his amazing images used ► Rotating simulators by Tom Lechner and William Hoza: http://www.tomlechner.com/outerspace/ and http://william.hoza.us/centrifuge/#4&1 Filmclips, in order of appearance; ► Star Trek, The Original Series ► Star Trek, Enterprise ► Interstellar ► 2001: A Space Odyssey ► The Martian ► Avatar ► Elysium Music is by Chris Zabriskie (http://chriszabriskie.com/) and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), in order of appearance; ► Cylinder Five (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Nine (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Three (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► We Were Never Meant to Live Here (http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/) ► That Hopeful Future Is All I've Ever Known (http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/) ► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow (https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/the-sun-is-scheduled-to-come) ► Cylinder Seven (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Four (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Eight (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) And also... ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Check out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-far-would-you-have-to-go-to-escape-gravity-rene-laufer Every star, black hole, human being, smartphone and atom are all constantly pulling on each other due to one force: gravity. So why don’t we feel pulled in billions of different directions? And is there anywhere in the universe where we'd be free of its pull? Rene Laufer details the inescapability of gravity. Lesson by Rene Laufer, directed by TED-Ed. Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! rakesh Katragadda, Sergi Páez, Jørgen Østerpart, Cindy O., Nicu Boanda, Reagen O'Connor, Sabrina Gonzalez, Dino , Hadi Salahshour, Clement , Nick Debenedictis, Abdullah Altuwaijri, Jessie McGuire, Divina Grace Dar Santos, Brian Richards, Farah Abdelwahab, Mikhail Shkirev, Malcolm Callis, David Matthew Ezroj, Ever Granada, fatima kried, Begum Tutuncu, Lala Arguelles, Mehmet Sencer KARADAYI, Christian Kurch, SungGyeong Bae, Luis Felipe Ruiz Langenscheidt, Joe Huang, Rohan Gupta, Senjo Limbu, Martin Lau, Robson Martinho, Cailin Ramsey, Aaron Henson, John Saveland, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, ReuniteKorea, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, QIUJING L BU, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Jaron Blackburn, Alejandro Cachoua, Thomas Mungavan, Edla Paniguel, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Tim Armstrong, Erika Blanquez, Ricki Daniel Marbun, zjweele13 and Judith Benavides.

The Earth looks like a perfect sphere, but down here on the surface we see that there are mountains, rivers, oceans, glaciers, all kinds of features with different densities and shapes. Scientists can map this produce a highly detailed gravity map of our planet. And it turns out, this is very useful for other worlds too. Join +Fraser Cain and +Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions!

Life on Earth needs gravity to survive, but how much gravity is too much? Part 1 of 3 - https://youtu.be/g9_PdtL627k Part 2 of 3 - https://youtu.be/lrP8ab5_-d8 Read More: High-Tech Suits Help Pilots Avoid Gravity's Perils https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/22/science/high-tech-suits-help-pilots-avoid-gravity-s-perils.html “The human body, for all its extraordinary capabilities, is just not made to take 6, 8 or 12 times the normal force of gravity. And its responses to this assault, from impaired vision to loss of consciousness, can prove fatal if they occur in the air.” All About G Forces http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/gravity-forces.html “Before the advent of airplanes, which could accelerate the human body like nothing before, people rarely experienced G forces. So-called gravity forces first became a concern during World War I, when pilots began mysteriously losing consciousness during dogfights. As early as 1919, a doctor wrote up this strange phenomenon for the literature, calling it ‘fainting in the air.’” Maxed out: How many gs can you pull? https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627562-200-maxed-out-how-many-gs-can-you-pull/ “Our tolerance of g-forces depends not only on the magnitude and duration of the acceleration or deceleration but also on the orientation of our body. We are most vulnerable to a force acting towards the feet, because this sends blood away from the brain. Five to 10 seconds at 4 to 5 g vertically typically leads to tunnel vision and then loss of consciousness.” ____________________ Seeker+ is built for enthusiastic science fans who are interested in comprehensive conversations on their favorite geeky topics. Host Trace Dominguez digs beyond the usual scope to deliver details, developments, opinions and interviews on advanced topics like artificial intelligence, black holes, string theory and Mars exploration. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Find SeekerPlus wherever you get your podcasts! And while you’re there check out Seeker’s newest podcast, Bad Science! Seeker+ on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/

Earth’s gravitational field is anything but even. It’s lumpy and changes depending on where you are. But what would happen if we lost it all together? Part 1 of 3 - https://youtu.be/g9_PdtL627k Part 3 of 3 - https://youtu.be/pUsiorDJ_cM Read More: Gravity mysteries: Why is gravity so weak? https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227122-900-gravity-mysteries-why-is-gravity-so-weak “Gravity is a real weakling – 1040 times weaker than the electromagnetic force that holds atoms together. Although the other forces act over different ranges, and between very different kinds of particles, they seem to have strengths that are roughly comparable with each other. Gravity is the misfit. Why should this be so?” GOCE Reveals Gravity Sip From Ice Loss http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE/GOCE_reveals_gravity_dip_from_ice_loss “The strength of gravity at Earth’s surface varies subtly from place to place owing to factors such as the planet’s rotation and the position of mountains and ocean trenches. Changes in the mass of large ice sheets can also cause small local variations in gravity.” An answer to a lunar mystery: Why is the moon’s gravity so uneven? http://news.mit.edu/2013/an-answer-to-why-lunar-gravity-is-so-uneven-0530 “As it turns out, the cause of such bumpy orbits was the moon itself: Over the years, scientists have observed that its gravity is stronger in some regions than others, creating a “lumpy” gravitational field. In particular, a handful of impact basins exhibit unexpectedly strong gravitational pull.” ____________________ Seeker+ is built for enthusiastic science fans who are interested in comprehensive conversations on their favorite geeky topics. Host Trace Dominguez digs beyond the usual scope to deliver details, developments, opinions and interviews on advanced topics like artificial intelligence, black holes, string theory and Mars exploration. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Find SeekerPlus wherever you get your podcasts! And while you’re there check out Seeker’s newest podcast, Bad Science! Seeker+ on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Between them, general relativity and quantum mechanics seem to describe all of observable reality. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: How Much Information is in the Universe? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxVlGAFX7vA Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Luke Maroldi Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) The first few decades of the 20th century was a time of miracles for physics. First, Einstein’s relativity utterly changed the way we think about space, time, motion and gravity. Then the quantum revolution of the 20s and 30s overturned all of our intuitions about the subatomic world. Together, general relativity and quantum mechanics have allowed us to explain nearly every fundamental phenomenon observed, and have predicted many unexpected phenomena that have since been verified. And yet the two theories contradict each other in fundamental ways. In the century since that golden era of physics, we’ve been trying to reconcile the two … without success. But today on space-time I’m going to begin our discussion of the great quest for this union – the quest for a theory of quantum gravity, and for a theory of everything. Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang Anton Lifshits CoolAsCats David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Quasar Dean Fuqua Mark Rosenthal Mayank M. Mehrota Roman Pinchuk Tambe Barsbay Vinnie Falco Hypernova Brent Mullins Chuck Zegar Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner John Hofmann Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Matthew O’Connor Ratfeast Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexander Rodriguez Alexey Eromenko Benoit Pagé-Guitard Brandon Cook Brandon Labonte Daniel Lyons David Crane Deborah Whittaker Fabian Olesen Greg Allen Greg Weiss James Flowers James Hughes JJ Bagnell Jon Folks Kevin Warne Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nicholas Rose Nick Virtue Scott Gossett Shannan Catalano سلطان الخليفي

Gravity is a simple concept, but the “why” and the “how” are magnificently complicated. How much of gravity do we actually understand? Part 2 of 3 - https://youtu.be/lrP8ab5_-d8 Part 3 of 3 - https://youtu.be/pUsiorDJ_cM Read More: Newton’s Laws of Motion https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html “Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. He developed the theories of gravitation in 1666, when he was only 23 years old. Some twenty years later, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motion in the ‘Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis.’” Isaac Newton: The Man Who Discovered Gravity https://www.bbc.com/timelines/zwwgcdm “Some argue that these ideas, while not scientific in the sense that we understand them now, helped him think radical thoughts that shaped his most important work, including his theories of gravity.” What is Gravity? https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/what-is-gravity/en/ “Anything that has mass also has gravity. Objects with more mass have more gravity. Gravity also gets weaker with distance. So, the closer objects are to each other, the stronger their gravitational pull is.” ____________________ Seeker+ is built for enthusiastic science fans who are interested in comprehensive conversations on their favorite geeky topics. Host Trace Dominguez digs beyond the usual scope to deliver details, developments, opinions and interviews on advanced topics like artificial intelligence, black holes, string theory and Mars exploration. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Find SeekerPlus wherever you get your podcasts! And while you’re there check out Seeker’s newest podcast, Bad Science! Seeker+ on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/

The inability of scientists to create a theory of quantum gravity arises from long-standing tensions between general relativity and quantum mechanics. There have been few approaches with any success. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains one of the few promising ideas, called loop quantum gravity. Further reading: http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/spin_networks.1.html Quantum Gravity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbPWYjnQIO8 Full Quantum series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCfRa7MXBEsq5JoO2gU3yWhxTr06SY2De

For 100 years, scientists have been searching for the "Theory of Everything", the elusive link between the physics of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. A team of researchers believe they may have the key, and it all lies in a geometrical design. Get cool T-shirts here! http://www.answerswithjoe.com/shirts Support me on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/answerswithjoe Follow me at all my places! Instagram: https://instagram.com/answerswithjoe Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/answerswithjoe Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/answerswithjoe Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/answerswithjoe Garrett Lisi's work in particle physics led him to find patterns in the geometry that led him to discover an 8-dimensional crystalline structure called the E8 Lie Group. He used this to predict the existence of particles that he believes account for the force of gravity. Klee Irwin and the Quantum Gravity Research team have taken this and constructed a theory about the nature of reality itself all the way down to the plank length, where reality breaks down into pixellated tetrahedrons that through emergence theory has created a universal consciousness. LINKS LINKS LINKS: Hacking Reality: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJi3_znm7ZE What is reality? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0ztlIAYTCU Fermilab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbPWYjnQIO8 TED - Garrett Lisi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-Gk_Ddhr0M TED - Garrett Lisi explaining the basics of plotting particles on the graphs that lead to E8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfALJzn1hE8 Useful Scientific American Article https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/garrett-lisi-e8-theory/

In this week's question's show, I answer what would happen if the Milky Way lost its supermassive black hole, why can't you spiral stuff into the Sun, why do we assume life breathes oxygen? Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Scientists understand gravity pretty well when it comes to two objects, but add a third, and you’ve got chaos—a system that’s impossible to explain with our simplest equations. But you also have a way to test the limits of Einstein’s theory of gravity. You’re probably aware of the fact that there are a lot of outstanding questions about our universe—like what is dark energy, what is dark matter, and why can’t one unified physics theory explain both the biggest and smallest objects in the universe? https://gizmodo.com/einsteins-theory-of-gravity-holds-up-on-test-of-a-three-1827319579 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit Tech using http://wochit.com

In this week's QA, I present real pictures of the whole Earth, not some fake CGI, and wonder if Jupiter could be used as a gravitational lens for a space telescope. https://epic.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://electro.ntsomz.ru/en/ https://china.huanqiu.com/article/2018-06/12257903.html 00:28 Real pictures of Earth? 02:37 Build a mega telescope in space? 03:29 Catching the Voyagers 04:44 Jupiter gravitational lens 06:42 Is Opportunity going to make it? 07:44 YouTube Red? 08:16 Born too late? 10:17 Colonizing Mars will be tough 12:03 Different sized stars 13:32 Self aware universe 14:54 Light pollution map 15:36 A light year finglonger Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

In this week's questions show, I explain how we now where gravitational waves are coming from, will there be planets around a white dwarf, what does it feel like where the space station is getting boosted, and if I'm an arrogant fool. 01:11 Gravitational wave directions 03:36 White dwarf planets 04:59 Antimatter farts 05:45 Our time in the Universe 07:51 Boosting the space station 08:57 Why am I an arrogant fool 12:06 Why do stars and planets look the same 15:05 Can the Grand Tour happen again 16:48 Best place for Martian fossils 18:45 Getting into astrophotography 22:46 Space dogfighting 25:08 Put Hubble in a museum Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Truly understanding black holes requires the curved space-time of general relativity. Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/yZjj30k3oXw The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US, UK, and Australian markets. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally. ________________________________ VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS Relativity Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K_vPTkNljpO0qG_H--J_frW What Are Neutron Stars? https://youtu.be/KdFpyEFHCEM How Fast Is Light? https://youtu.be/a9T26ItpcDA Does The Future Exist? https://youtu.be/5qCFct4AZGA ________________________________ RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS PBS Space Time on Black Holes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNaEBbFbvcY&list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_x ________________________________ SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook): https://gumroad.com/l/ubSc Merchandise: http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/ ________________________________ HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS ** Einsteinium Level Crazy ** Daniel Bahr, Ilya Yashin, Drake Dragon (TMDrake), Morgan Williams, Rick Finn ** Platinum Level Crazy ** Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, David Bronakowski, Robert J Zapolis, Nicholas Ursa, Evgeny Ivanov ________________________________ LINKS TO COMMENTS Black Holes Don't Suck: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HKH1ZjGutA&lc=UgwEPVE9TiwNGrJRp8B4AaABAg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2-UJAEJzcc&lc=UgwZ_Jik2XxdwSHYfcZ4AaABAg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACCeFVeT984&lc=Ugg46Nzs7bsPhngCoAEC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmi_h5A8B2k&lc=UghBxkv5IGMuungCoAEC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sute9QjIRGA&lc=UggOUdgfdA205XgCoAEC Black Holes Rotate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr_h4sSMwPw&lc=UgzdfU_2jHCyhbVrBot4AaABAg ________________________________ IMAGE CREDITS NASA Big Bang: https://youtu.be/LeUcjqqhNxM

Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter How did Einstein develop General Relativity? What does it mean for space to be curved anyway? And just how do these gravitational waves work, anyhow? I answer these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Follow all the show updates at http://www.askaspaceman.com, and help support the show at http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter! Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain.

Today, it's nearly impossible to believe the Earth is anything but round. But for most of our history, humans have thought Earth was flat. The one concept our ancient ancestors were missing was gravity. Gravity's effects are the key to determining whether the Earth is actually flat, or not. On a sphere, gravity pulls in the same direction everywhere on the surface. But on a disc, gravity changes direction as you move toward the edge. At the center, you feel a downward pull just like on spherical Earth. But as you move out, gravity starts pulling sideways as well as a downwards. This would wreak havoc on sports played in different parts of the world. A ball thrown straight up in the air mid-way out, would curve down and backward toward the disc's center. Plus, a ball thrown mid-way out wouldn't go nearly as high or far as a ball thrown up at the edge where gravity's downward pull is practically zero. But sports are just the beginning. Since plant stems grow opposite to the direction of gravity, an effect called negative gravitropism, you'll see forests grow at an increasingly sharp angle the farther you are from the center. Continue toward the edge and you feel like you're climbing a hill that's growing steeper with each step as the backward pull of gravity takes over. At Earth’s end, that hill will feel like a 90-degree cliff, pulling you back to the center. But if you could make it over the edge, and stand on the thin outer part of the disc, you'll feel downward pull just like on spherical Earth. However, living here would be like living in a desert. Gravity's backward effects pull on the oceans too, making it impossible for any water to reach the edge. Instead, sea levels will gradually rise as you travel in, making the world's center an aquatic metropolis. So, the next time you see an apple fall straight to the ground, thank your lucky stars that Earth is round. Because if it were flat, that apple might actually hit you in the face. Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more. Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/ TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative movement and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant, time, and expense. Gravity assistance can be used to accelerate a spacecraft, that is, to increase or decrease its speed or redirect its path. Credit: CSA Follow Us: Facebook: https://goo.gl/QapZAe Twitter: https://goo.gl/RoQSmJ

Dr Paul Lasky and Dr Eric Thrane. Have you heard the news of the detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger (GW170817) in the constellation of Hydra?  This is a momentous event in physics and astronomy and will go down as one of the highlights of 21st century science.   Several researchers in the School of Physics & Astronomy at Monash University were involved in this work, including Dr Paul Lasky and Dr Eric Thrane who gave this Public Lecture.

The 2017 Nobel prize for physics was awarded for the breakthrough discovery of these awesome waves.

The basic laws of gravitation can explain almost anything in the world right from how an apple falls from a tree to why the moon revolves around the earth. With satellites and spacecrafts being sent far beyond earth, gravity may be the one thing that solves many of the universe’s mysteries. So what are the laws that explain concepts that seem so mind boggling? To know more visit: https://byjus.com/physics/gravitation/

What are gravitational waves and how are they detected? These ripples in space-time, sometimes caused by neutron stars colliding, were recently recorded in the groundbreaking LIGO-Virgo observation. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta Read more in "What are gravitational waves?" https://on.natgeo.com/2UhGJ19 Gravitational Waves 101 | National Geographic https://youtu.be/AsJLX2qLFpE National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

More Info: http://www.caltech.edu/news/ligo-and-virgo-make-first-detection-gravitational-waves-produced-colliding-neutron-stars-80082 On Aug. 17, 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detected, for the first time, gravitational waves from the collision of two neutron stars. The event was not only “heard” in gravitational waves but also seen in light by dozens of telescopes on the ground and in space. Learn more about what this rare astronomy event taught us in a new video from LIGO and Virgo. Credit: LIGO-Virgo

Astronomers unlocked one of the universe's best-kept secrets. Since the '50s, scientists have wondered: Where do most of the elements in the periodic table come from? We know that elements like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are forged in the hot, dense cores of massive stars. But even stars aren't powerful enough to create heavy elements like silver, gold, and cesium. Turns out, the origin of 2/3 of the periodic table is unconfirmed. Now, a single event has given scientists a vital clue. Astronomers witnessed the collision of two neutron stars in a distant galaxy located 130 million light years from Earth. Neutron stars are ultra-dense stellar remnants. In fact, they're the densest matter in the universe. When two neutron stars merge, it creates an explosion more powerful than 1,000 supernovae. As the neutron stars spiraled in, they produced gravitational waves. LIGO and VIRGO first detected the waves on Aug. 17. Two seconds later, the Fermi space telescope measured a burst of high-energy radiation from the explosion. But these 2 measurements alone couldn't solve the puzzle. Astronomers needed to see the event in visible light. The first to spot the event with their own eyes was a team with the Carnegie Institute for Science. Initially, the explosion they saw looked bright blue. But after four days it dimmed to a dull red. The red color comes from a specific set of heavy elements that are produced by a process called the ligh r-process. But the blue color is a mystery. Some theorists suggest it's the result of a different set of elements called heavy r-process elements. But data from similar collisions are needed to be sure. This is the first time scientists have combined gravitational wave measurements with visible light. Who knows what new secrets may be unlocked next time? Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TWITTER: https://twitter.com/techinsider INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/

What toys do Astronauts play with in space? Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 53 Commander Randy Bresnik and Flight Engineer Joe Acaba of NASA discussed life and research on the orbital outpost during an in-flight educational event Oct. 6 with students at the Gaylord St. Mary Cathedral School in Gaylord, Michigan. One young students asks what toys astronauts play with in space. Bresnik launched to the station in July and is scheduled to be on station through mid-December, while Acaba is in the first month of a planned five-and-a-half month mission on the laboratory. On March 2017, after agreements with RSA, NASA announced that Joseph Acaba will be assigned to Expedition 53 and 54 crews which previously included only Mark Vande Hei and Alexander Misurkin. Shannon Walker will train as a backup for Acaba. Watch more space videos for kids at https://www.spacetv.net/kids-videos/ Learn more about Astronauts at http://www.spacetv.net/astronauts/ Learn more about the International Space Station at http://www.spacetv.net/iss-international-space-station/ Credit: NASA

In his public lecture at Perimeter on October 4, 2017, Dr. Erik Verlinde explored the core ideas behind this research into emergent gravity, and examine the implications of this potential revolution in our understanding of the universe. Watch more Perimeter public lectures: https://insidetheperimeter.ca/video/public-lectures/

Astronomy based on gravitational waves has been primarily done by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, known as LIGO. But recently, VIRGO, ran by the European Gravitational Observatory, was turned on to operational data gathering, and the first jointly detected gravitational wave has been found. Jared brings us this story === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO:Space is a crowd funded show. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for information plus our all new goals and reward levels

Scientists Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish won this year's Physics Nobel Prize for their efforts that helped lead to the first measurement of gravitational waves in 2015 by the LIGO team. The detection, which even defies Einstein's predictions, is considered to be the discovery of the century. This groundbreaking discovery will enable further research that will completely transform our understanding of the universe. http://www.businessinsider.com/2017-nobel-prize-in-physics-gravitational-waves-kip-thorne-rainer-weiss-barry-barish-2017-10 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit Tech using http://wochit.com

Stream episodes on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly) This episode is bought with the help of brilliant.org….math and science done right. Learn to think like a scientist with their carefully curated games and puzzles. Have fun learning… and help support SpaceTime by using this link so they know you came from us… www.brilliant.org/stuartgary Thank you…. *Fourth gravitational wave detection Astronomers have achieved a fourth gravitational wave detection of merging stellar mass black holes. The new discovery was a combined effort between the existing LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory detectors in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington together with the New European VIRGO detector near Pisa in Italy. *Discovery of a pitch black planet that eats light. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has observed a planet outside our solar system that looks as black as fresh asphalt because it eats light rather than reflecting it back into space. This light-eating prowess is due to the planet's unique capability to trap at least 94 percent of the visible starlight falling into its atmosphere. ^New Pluto mission proposal NASA has received a new proposal for a surface mission to Pluto. The new plan would follow on from the highly successful New Horizons spacecraft which undertook an historic close flyby of Pluto its binary partner Charon, and their five moons back in July 2015. *New Earth Observation satellite The CSIRO has joined a project developing and operating one of the world’s most sophisticated Earth observation satellites. The 430 kilogram Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing satellite – known as the NovaSAR -- will launch later this year on an Indian PSLV rocket. *NROL-42 spy satellite launched An Atlas V rocket has blasted into orbit from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California carry a secret National Reconnaissance Office satellite. The NROL-42 mission blasted off into black late-night skies which seemed more than appropriate for such a clandestine flight. *Russian Navigation satellite launched Russia has launched the latest member of its Glonass satellite navigation system. The Russian Military Air and Space Forces Soyuz 2.1b rocket carrying the Glonass-M satellite was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome north of Moscow. *The Science Report A new clue in combating aggressive brain tumours. A nine week expedition to the lost continent of Zealandia returns to port in Hobart. A new study finds that teens get their bad moods from their friends. New evidence claims modern humans were settling in the America’s some 13 thousand years ago. People who tend to trust their intuition are more likely to hold inaccurate beliefs. For Enhanced Show Notes, including photos to accompany this episode: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetime-show-notes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including iTunes, audioBoom, Stitcher, Pocketcasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Help support SpaceTime : The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audio book of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list For more, follow SpaceTime on Facebook, twitter, Tumblr, YouTube, Instagram, Google+, Patreon and Spreaker: Facebook: @spacetimewithstuartgary twitter: @stuartgary Tumblr: http://spacetimewithstuartgary.tumblr.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/spacetimewithstuartgary/ Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/2/collection/cabtNB YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhpBkuHSLfIRnliLB12HoC1QE0rwr8qRS Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/spacetime-with-stuart-gary-2017 If you're enjoying SpaceTime, please help out by sharing and telling your friends. The best recommendation I can get is one from you. Thank you…

2017-09-21 - Did you know that a spacecraft can use a planet’s gravity to change its orbit? For example, on September 22, 2017, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will use Earth’s gravity to change its orbit and help put it on course to asteroid Bennu, its target destination. With the help of this gravity assist, OSIRIS-REx is due to arrive at the asteroid in August 2018. Learn more about the OSIRIS-REx asteroid-sample return mission: http://asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/osiris-rex. (Credit: Canadian Space Agency) Useful Links The OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample-return mission: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/osiris-rex/ Find out more about this video: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/search/video/watch.asp?v=1_eoxgd0cn

Check out all of TED-Ed's book recommendations: http://ed.ted.com/books Check out Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry": https://shop.ed.ted.com/collections/ted-ed-book-recommendations/products/astrophysics-for-people-in-a-hurry View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-are-gravitational-waves-amber-l-stuver In September 2015, scientists witnessed something never seen before: two black holes colliding. Both about 30 times as big as our Sun, they had been orbiting each other for millions of years. A fraction of a second before the crash, they sent a vibration across the universe at the speed of light that was picked up by the LIGO detector. So what are these ripples in space? Amber L. Stuver explains. Lesson by Amber L. Stuver, directed by Eoin Duffy. Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible. Be Owusu, Susan Herder, Yalda A., Savannah Scheelings, Prasanth Mathialagan, Javier Rojas Dominguez, Yanira Santamaria, Dawn Jordan, Monica Grace Ward, Daniel Mardale, Constantin Salagor, Activated Classroom Teaching, Kevin Wong, Umar Farooq, Goh Xiang Ting Diana, Mohammad Khory, Dmitry Neverov, Tushar Sharma, Mukamik, Tsz Lung, Cristóbal Medina Moenne. Check out our Patreon page here: https://www.patreon.com/teded

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE LIGO may have just detected gravitational waves from the collision of two Neutron Stars. And go to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime for two months of free Curiosity Stream. Use the promo code "spacetime" during the sign-up process. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=S4aqGI1mSqo Links to the videos mentioned: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gw-i_VKd6Wo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Tstyqz2g7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJ2RNBAFLj0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0&t=71 Last year LIGO announced the detection of gravitational waves from the merger of two black holes. The science world went a little crazy. Only a few weeks ago a new rumour emerged: that LIGO had, for the first time, spotted gravitational waves from the collision of a pair of neutron stars. If it’s true, some long-standing astrophysical mysteries are about to be unlocked. Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Richard Senegor Quasar Tambe Barsbay Max Levine Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Max Levine Eugene Lawson Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Joseph Salomone Martha Hunt Craig Peterson Barry Hatfield Matthew O’Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Scott Gossett Mark Dykstra Peter Durocher Michael Kers Chris Hicks Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Jared Moore Michal-Peanut Karmi Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss

Like my shirt? Get yours here! www.answerswithjoe.com/shirts Support me on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/answerswithjoe Follow me at all my places! Instagram: https://instagram.com/answerswithjoe Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/answerswithjoe Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/answerswithjoe Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/answerswithjoe LINKS LINKS LINKS: Stress-Energy tensor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1AomGV0WHw Newton’s Cannonball https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymC6fuX03ns Vertasium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztc6QPNUqls VSauce https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNqNnUJVcVs Gravity 3d animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH69B0Oc2Og Higgs field animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ILLQUilpzg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity#Alternative_theories https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic_gravity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon_particle TRANSCRIPT: Of all the fundamental forces, Gravity is the most fundamental to our experience on this planet. We’ve always known that what goes up must come down, though we never really knew why. Aristotle believed that objects fell toward Earth because they wanted to move toward their “natural state”. Because Aristotle was wrong about everything. Galileo proved that objects fall at the same rate regardless of how heavy they are, and that they fall at a constant acceleration of 9.8 meters per second squared. Sir Isaac Newton was the first to grasp that gravity was an attractive force between objects with mass and was able to devise the equations around gravity that we still use today. Then Einstein redefined our understanding of gravity as a curvature in space-time caused by objects with mass. Now, a common misconception is that gravity doesn’t work in outer space because we always see astronauts in zero gravity. And if you’re anything like me, you grew up seeing this and just thought that the further you get away from the earth’s surface, the less gravity affects you, and that’s why astronauts get to float around all cool up there like that. But that’s not how it works. That’s not how any of this works. The reason these astronauts are floating is because they’re in orbit around the planet. And orbit is basically a state of always falling. So being on the ISS is basically like constantly being in an elevator that’s plummeting toward the ground. Some people, myself included, originally mistook the higgs boson as the force carrier for gravity because when you look at the standard model of particle physics, the other three fundamental forces all have force carrier particles called bosons. Specifically, photons, gluons, and w and z bosons. But the higgs boson is the force carrier of the higgs mechanism, which is a totally different thing. So I was wrong. I know, go figure. But because all the other forces have force carrier particles, it was assumed that gravity would as well, which scientists called the graviton. The graviton, if it exists, would be massless, because it works over unlimited distances, and would be a spin-2 boson, also known as a tensor boson. It’s been theorized a massless spin-2 field would give rise to a force indistinguishable from gravitation, because a massless spin-2 field would couple to the stress–energy tensor in the same way that gravitational interactions do. Gravitons also pose a problem with a mathematical issue called renormalization. These issues have spurred some researchers to look for answers outside of quantum field theory like in string theory. Some have tried to merge the supersymmetry found in string theory with general relativity in what they call Supergravity. In the 80’s a theory called Modified Newtonian Dynamics, or MOND was introduced which tries to explain the movement of stars in galaxies without the use of Dark Matter. Later, in 2004, MOND got modified further to create tensor-vector-scalar gravity which relies on a relativistic lagrangian density that maintains the law of conservation of energy. Another popular idea is Erik Verlinde’s entropic gravity, which argues that gravity is an emergent force that arises from entropy itself and not a fundamental force at all. And who can forget the chameleon particle theory, which has a variable effective mass that is an increasing function of the ambient energy density, meaning the particle’s mass changes to cause different effects on the particles around it. So strangely, the first force we were aware of has become the last to be fully understood. And the one that, if we do ever fully understand it, would unlock the secrets of the universe.

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer demonstrates what happens to liquids when there's no gravity.

The International Space Station is a one-of-a-kind spot for scientists who want to do experiments where there’s no gravity, to find out how other natural forces function without gravity’s influence. In this “SpeedyTime” segment, Expedition 52 flight engineer Jack Fischer uses a few simple tools to demonstrate what happens to water in space when there’s no pull of gravity. _______________________________________ FOLLOW THE SPACE STATION! Twitter: https://twitter.com/Space_Station Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ISS Instagram: https://instagram.com/iss/

Doing groundbreaking science can mean working with dangerous materials; how do the astronauts on the International Space Station protect themselves and their ship in those cases? They use the Microgravity Science Glovebox: in this “SpeedyTime” segment Expedition 52 flight engineer Peggy Whitson pulls a rack out of the wall of the Destiny Laboratory to show us how astronauts access a sealed environment for science and technology experiments that involve potentially hazardous materials. HD Link: https://archive.org/details/jsc2017m000728_SpeedyTime-4_Microgravity_Science_Gloveboxx_201708 _______________________________________ FOLLOW THE SPACE STATION! Twitter: https://twitter.com/Space_Station Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ISS Instagram: https://instagram.com/iss/

Gravitation wave theory. On my next break I'll do a quick video! But for now here's a quick sample of what I'll talk about... this blueberry fell into my cup of coffee and caused ripples. On the cosmic scale strong gravitational objects like rapidly spinning neutron stars or black holes orbiting one another can cause gravitational waves aka disruptions in space time in the form of RIPPLES that MOVE at the SPEED OF LIGHT. (**DISCLAIMER MY COFFEE DOES NOT MOVE AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT**) ☕️💡 Woohoo!! I managed to get this on my lunch break haha!! Back to set! Hope you guys like this!!

The LISA Pathfinder mission ends on 18 July 2017 after a successful demonstration of the technology needed to detect gravitational waves in space. These vibrations in spacetime, first predicted by Einstein over a hundred years ago, are produced by huge astronomical events - such as two black holes colliding - and will allow scientists to open new windows into our universe. The success of the LISA Pathfinder mission has paved the way for the newly selected LISA mission which, when built and launched, will detect gravitational waves from objects up to a million times larger than our Sun. The film features interview soundbites from Dr Paul McNamara, LISA Pathfinder Project Scientist, at the European Space Agency’s European Technology and Science facility (ESTEC) in The Netherlands. More about LISA Pathfinder: http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/

Our everyday experience with gravity is that of an attractive force: it pulls things closer. But we’ve discovered a very peculiar property about our expanding universe: the expansion is accelerating, as if some repulsive force is pushing it apart. Why and how does this unknown 'dark energy' push the cosmos? This strange, fundamental question is one that NASA’s WFIRST telescope is designed to address. That same technology will also allow us to learn more about exoplanets in new ways, and will provide us with images that are ~100x larger in area than Hubble and Webb. The WFIRST mission will set the stage to usher in a new era of understanding about our universe. Speaker: Amber Straughn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on June 27, 2017 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, MD, USA For more information: http://hubblesite.org/about_us/public_talks/

We’ve now had multiple detections of gravitational waves, opening up a whole new field: gravitational astronomy. We talk about the detections made so far, and how we can see the Universe in a whole new way. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii Chad Weber - [email protected] Just a couple of weeks ago, astronomers from Caltech announced their third detection of gravitational waves from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory or LIGO. As with the previous two detections, astronomers have determined that the waves were generated when two intermediate-mass black holes slammed into each other, sending out ripples of distorted spacetime. One black hole had 31.2 times the mass of the Sun, while the other had 19.4 solar masses. The two spiraled inward towards each other, until they merged into a single black hole with 48.7 solar masses. And if you do the math, twice the mass of the Sun was converted into gravitational waves as the black holes merged. These gravitational waves traveled outward from the colossal collision at the speed of light, stretching and compressing spacetime like a tsunami wave crossing the ocean until they reached Earth, located about 2.9 billion light-years away. The waves swept past each of the two LIGO facilities, located in different parts of the United States, stretching the length of carefully calibrated laser measurements. And from this, researchers were able to detect the direction, distance and strength of the original merger. Seriously, if this isn’t one of the coolest things you’ve ever heard, I’m clearly easily impressed. Now that the third detection has been made, I think it’s safe to say we’re entering a brand new field of gravitational astronomy. In the coming decades, astronomers will use gravitational waves to peer into regions they could never see before. Being able to perceive gravitational waves is like getting a whole new sense. It’s like having eyes and then suddenly getting the ability to perceive sound. This whole new science will take decades to unlock, and we’re just getting started. As Einstein predicted, any mass moving through space generates ripples in spacetime. When you’re just walking along, you’re actually generating tiny ripples. If you can detect these ripples, you can work backwards to figure out what size of mass made the ripples, what direction it was moving, etc. Even in places that you couldn’t see in any other way. Let me give you a couple of examples. Black holes, obviously, are the low hanging fruit. When they’re not actively feeding, they’re completely invisible, only detectable by how they gravitational attract objects or bend light from objects passing behind them. But seen in gravitational waves, they’re like ships moving across the ocean, leaving ripples of distorted spacetime behind them. With our current capabilities through LIGO, astronomers can only detect the most massive objects moving at a significant portion of the speed of light. A regular black hole merger doesn’t do the trick - there’s not enough mass. Even a supermassive black hole merger isn’t detectable yet because these mergers seem to happen too slowly. This is why all the detections so far have been intermediate-mass black holes with dozens of times the mass of our Sun. And we can only detect them at the moment that they’re merging together, when they’re generating the most intense gravitational waves. If we can boost the sensitivity of our gravitational wave detectors, we should be able to spot mergers of less and more massive black holes. But merging isn’t the only thing they do. Black holes are born when stars with many more times the mass of our Sun collapse in on themselves and explode as supernovae. Some stars, we’ve now learned just implode as black holes, never generating the supernovae, so this process happens entirely hidden from us. Is there a singularity at the center of a black hole event horizon, or is there something there, some kind of object smaller than a neutron star, but bigger than an infinitely small point? As black holes merge together, we could see beyond the event horizon with gravitational waves, mapping out the invisible region within to get a sense of what’s going on down there. We want to know about even less massive objects like neutron stars, which can also form from a supernova explosion. These neutron stars can orbit one another and merge generating some of the most powerful explosions in the Universe: gamma ray bursts. But do neutron stars have surface features? Different densities? Could we detect a wobble in the gravitational waves in the last moments before a merger?

This week, the first science results from the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter are in; the LIGO collaboration has discovered its third gravitational wave event; astronomers warn that flares from red dwarf stars may threaten any life on exoplanets in orbit around them; and NASA’s next big space observatory, the WFIRST mission, is facing a funding crisis. Links to this week's stories: Juno First Results: This week, the first science results from the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter are in; the LIGO collaboration has discovered its third gravitational wave event; astronomers warn that flares from red dwarf stars may threaten any life on exoplanets in orbit around them; and NASA’s next big space observatory, the WFIRST mission, is facing a funding crisis. LIGO Finds Third Black Hole Merger via Gravitational Waves: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20170601 Red Dwarf Flares not good for life: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-161 NASA's WFIRST Gets a Financial Review: https://www.nature.com/articles/n-12339962?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews&sf86108167=1 Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/ Follow DeepAstronomy on Google+ http://google.com/+DeepAstronomy http://google.com/+TonyDarnell We also have a great Google+ Community, come share your thoughts and join the discussion! https://plus.google.com/communities/109849939648748938781t