LECTURES & TALKS

Frank Close looks at how observations from galaxy rotation and gravitational lensing can imply the existence of dark matter. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Watch the full lecture: http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch/1993/the-cosmic-onion/an-hour-to-make-the-universe?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=social&utm_term=description Frank Close gave the 1993 lectures "The Cosmic Onion" tracing a hundred years of discovery and invention In his final lecture, Frank Close looks at the parts of the universe that are invisible to us. Watch the full series: http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch/1993/the-cosmic-onion?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=social&utm_term=description The Ri is on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

Teams will demonstrate an understanding of stellar evolution in normal & starburst galaxies.

Teams will demonstrate an understanding of stellar evolution in normal & starburst galaxies.

This presentation is an overview of the content and resources for the National Science Olympiad (NSO) Division B 2019 Solar System Event.

This presentation is an overview of the content and resources for the National Science Olympiad (NSO) Division B 2019 Solar System Event.

How much energy do you need to create enough protons to create a star? Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Watch the talk: https://youtu.be/IF4UhElRUFg Geraint F. Lewis is a Welsh astrophysicist at the University of Sydney. He's best known for his work on dark energy, gravitational lensing and galactic cannibalism. This talk and Q&A was filmed in the Ri on 24 July 2018. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Alessandro Mecca, Ashok Bommisetti, Avrahaim Chein, bestape, Elizabeth Greasley, Greg Nagel, Lester Su, Manish Upmanyu, Rebecca Pan, Robert D Finrock and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

Come with us on a very final journey as we wander forwards in time at breakneck speeds to see what happens at the very end of the universe. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Will there forever be stars in the sky? Will humanity roam the cosmos for eternity? What does the future hold for our Universe? This is a journey through space and time, from galactic collisions and hyperactive black holes, on to the death of the last star. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/kTbw2XceDTM Geraint F. Lewis is a Welsh astrophysicist at the University of Sydney. He's best known for his work on dark energy, gravitational lensing and galactic cannibalism. He also has a cool YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnPhuVSN3-gEeeSMyIMeDeA/about This talk and Q&A was filmed in the Ri on 24 July 2018. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Alessandro Mecca, Ashok Bommisetti, Avrahaim Chein, bestape, Elizabeth Greasley, Greg Nagel, Lester Su, Manish Upmanyu, Rebecca Pan, Robert D Finrock and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

Chasing Supernovae with Kepler Gautham Narayan of the Space Telescope Science Institute The Kepler spacecraft launched in 2009 with the goal of discovering exoplanets. However, its highly precise brightness measurements can be used for much more science. When Kepler was repurposed as the K2 mission, one team of astronomers decided to use it to hunt for supernovas. By catching the critical first few hours of an exploding star, scientists can learn more about these colossal blasts. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, October 2, 2018 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

Dr. Robert Pappalardo of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory visits All Space Considered to discuss the lure of Europa and describe the upcoming Europa Clipper mission for which he is the Project Scientist. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

HD1080P 30 fps Hierarchical gravitational contraction: a unified scenario for the structure, dynamics, and star-forming activity of molecular clouds. September 20, 2018 Phillips Auditorium Enrique Vazquez Semadeni Host: Phil Myers & Qizhou Zhang Abstract: Diverse numerical and observational evidence suggests that star-forming molecular clouds (MCs) may be in a process of global gravitational contraction. As originally proposed by Hoyle (1953), in such a regime, a sequential destabilization of successively smaller masses should occur, leading to fragmentation of the cloud and ultimately to the formation of stellar-mass objects, when the equation of state diverts from isothermal. After disposing of some early objections to the global gravitational contraction of MCs, I discuss how this mechanism naturally explains the observed apparent virialization of clouds and their substructures, the appearance of Larson's relations when column-density thresholds are used to define the structures, the ubiquitous formation of filamentary structures that funnel material to so-called "hubs", the observed morphology of the magnetic field around the filaments, the scattered nature of low-mass star-forming regions, the acceleration of the star formation rate in MCs, the observed SFR-mass relations at both the local (cloud) level and the global (galactic) level, and the structure of the embedded stellar associations, such as their fractal structure and the observed radial mass and age gradients. I conclude by comparing to the prevailing "gravo-turbulent" scenario, and note a few common misconceptions about turbulence.

In September 2017, some of strongest solar activity of Solar Cycle 24 impacted Mars. This was the largest space weather event observed at Mars simultaneously in orbit by MAVEN and Mars Express, and at the surface by the Mars Science Laboratory. In this MAVEN outreach webinar from September 19, 2018, Dr. Christina O. Lee of the Space Sciences Laboratory at UC Berkeley describes how the solar eruptive activity impacted the space environment around Mars, including its atmosphere and the radiation environment at the surface. Access this and all previous MAVEN outreach webinars, here: http://bit.ly/MAVENOW.

Join Griffith Observatory's All Space Considered as we welcome Dr. Robert Pappalardo, Project Scientist for Europa Clipper at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Dr. Pappalardo's research focuses on processes that have shaped the icy satellites of the outer solar system, especially Europa and the role of its probable subsurface ocean. Dr. Pappalardo walks us through the next mission to Jupiter, Europa Clipper. The LiveStream broadcast will begin as All Space Considered begins at 7:30 p.m., PDT.

Original air date: Thursday, Sept. 6 at 7 p.m. PT (10 p.m. ET, 0200 UTC) As NASA celebrates its 60th anniversary, this panel discussion will look back over the decades at how far our robotic exploration has come, and consider where we might be headed. Much has changed about the way we explore space in the 60 years since NASA began operations on Oct. 1, 1958. Today’s robotic spacecraft are beginning to experiment with laser communications, artificial intelligence and 3-D printed parts. But some of the first spacecraft the U.S. sent to the Moon included parts made of wood; some used to record data on motorized magnetic tape recorders. Despite all the advances, one thing hasn’t changed: we still rely on robotic spacecraft to extend our senses above and beyond Earth and to blaze a trail as precursors for human explorers. Panelists: Rob Manning Julie Webster Charles Norton Anne Marinan Moderator: Preston Dyches, JPL Public Outreach Specialist Follow us on your favorite social media platforms for updates @NASAJPL.

This presentation focuses on understanding the process of stellar evolution by using a series of materials, resources and investigations specifically designed for Science Olympiad coaches and teams.

This presentation focuses on understanding the process of stellar evolution by using a series of materials, resources and investigations specifically designed for Science Olympiad coaches and teams.

MarsVR is the Mars Society's new multi-phase effort to do serious research using Virtual Reality technologies, starting with the creation of a crew training environment for use with the Mars Desert Research Station. This demo of our Phase 1 MDRS Crew Training Sim was presented to 260+ attendees at our Saturday night banquet. The demo was very well-received, as you can tell from this video! More details on the project: http://marsvr.io Matterport Scans available: http://mdrs.marssociety.org/matterport-scans/ Presenters: James Burk, IT Director, The Mars Society and Program Manager for MarsVR. Shannon Norrell, Dir. of Engineering, MarsVR, and Co-Founder of HP's Mars Home Planet. (Note: we are not affiliated with HP) From the 21st Annual International Mars Society Convention, held at the Pasadena Convention Center in Southern California from Aug 23-26, 2018. The four-day International Mars Society Convention brings together leading scientists, engineers, aerospace industry representatives, government policymakers and journalists to talk about the latest scientific discoveries, technological advances and political-economic developments that could help pave the way for a human mission to the planet Mars.

Enjoy a lively discussion from expert scientists about climates, weather, and environments on planets in the solar system and beyond!

Watch Professor Farisa Morales talk about planetary system formation, leading us to explore the uniqueness of our Solar System. The briefing also includes information about the tools and techniques scientists use to study these systems. Professor Morales also speaks about the formation of planets in disks, and ongoing efforts to detect them.

On the Potential Origins of Cryovolcanism in the Solar System. A summary of our knowledge about cryovolcanism and information about the composition and rheology of relevant ice system. Presented by Christine McCarthy, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

Like Australian table wines, Cryovolcanism has been poo-poohed, because of a perceived negative buoyancy problem. Here we point out that several basaltic planets have overcome far worse barriers, and calculate a scenario for cyrovolcanism on Pluto. Presented by Patrick McGovern, Lunar and Planetary Institute.

Pluto's moon Charon offered the first clear (ground-based) evidence for the ammonia-water volcanism predicted long ago by J. S. Lewis. New Horizons then obtained compelling evidence for an ammonia-bearing cryovolcanic plain. But how did it get there? Presented by William McKinnon, Washington University in St. Louis.

Study of diverse cryomagmatic processes based on the system H2O-CO2-MgSO4 with application to Europa. The type of the crystals formed is related to volume-temperature changes, while their morphology is associated with surface geological features. Presented by Victoria Munoz-Iglesias, Centro de Astrobiologia.

Europa, amongst other icy bodies in our solar system, exhibits a suite of surface features with aligned chemistry indicative of transport between the ice-shell and ocean. Presented by Divya Peddinti, Arizona State University.

We present modes of magma transport on Earth, and consider the extent to which these modes of transport might operate on icy worlds. Presented by Lynnae Quick, National Air and Space Museum.

An endogenic source is not necessary to explain the temperature observations of the N. Pwyll region. However, the area has a particularly high thermal inertia, which may be indicative of plume fallout. Presented by Julie Rathbun, Planetary Science Institute.

We model Enceladus’ plume material passing through cracks in an icy crust. Repeated passage yields local thermal and structural weakness zones that favor additional eruptions through the same system, leaving more distant crustal areas cold and thick. Presented by Susan Sakimoto, Space Science Institute.

Volcanic constructs abound / Constraints are few and far between / Variety and complexity in style and composition. Presented by Paul Schenk, Lunar and Planetary Institute.

At Rhadamanthys linea the low-albedo areas are localized, causing a distinctive pattern of spots. In this work we investigate possible causes of this localization and the potential effects of tidal stresses. Presented by Rachel Maxwell, University of California Santa Cruz.

Overview of the morphology, composition, and possible formation mechanism of Pluto's putative cyrovolcanic constructs. Presented by Kelsi Singer, Washington University in St. Louis.

We use image analysis and flow modeling of domes on Ceres to argue that they are cryovolcanic in origin. Results imply an average cryovolcanic rate of 10000 m3 /yr, orders of magnitude lower than rates of basaltic volcanism on terrestrial planets. Presented by Michael Sori, University of Arizona.

This study aims at modeling the cryomagma ascent from a liquid reservoir to Europa's surface. We obtain the eruption duration and emitted cryomagma volume at the surface for different chamber depths and volumes and different cryomagma compositions. Presented by Elodie Lesage, Universite of Paris-Sud.

Cryovolcanism, cryomagmatism and related terms pertain to the melting and solid-liquid phase separation, intracrustal transfer, eruption, and flow of aqueous or other cold liquids on icy planets, satellites, comets, and asteroids. Presented by Jeffrey Kargel, Planetary Science Institute.

The density of cryomagmas relative to the ice shell is a common barrier to dike propagation. We hypothesize that including dike-tip degassing in dike propagation models will lower cryomagma densities, and allow for surface propagation. Presented by Lauren Jozwiak, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

Laboratory photometric and polarimetric phase curves of micrometer-sized water ice particles to elucidate the effect of grain sintering on scattering properties relevant for the analysis of potential plume deposition sites on icy satellites. Presented by Bernhard Jost, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Here we examine mechanisms, mostly tidal, that can impart stress to the surfaces of icy satellites, the formation of fractures as a response to these stresses, and the ability of these fracture to serve as conduits for eruptive processes. Presented by Terry Hurford, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

An enthalpy method to simulate the cryomagmatic evolution of impact induced melt beneath Occator Crater on Ceres. Presented by Marc Hesse, University of Texas at Austin.

Simultaneous measurements of the gas and dust components of Enceladus' plume reveal that the material above Baghdad and Damascus sulci has a dust-to-gas ratio roughly an order of magnitude higher than the material above Alexandria and Cairo sulci. Presented by Matthew Hedman, University of Idaho.

Plumes have been detected at Enceladus, Triton, Mars, and probably Europa. This talk compares and contrasts their properties, with implications for the driving processes. Presented by Candice Hansen, Planetary Science Institute.

We present a comparison of simulations of the Enceladus, Europa, and Io plumes. Presented by David Goldstein, University of Texas at Austin.

This contribution is intended to inspire discussion about the validity and limits of applicability of models of silicate volcanism with a view to further elucidating cryovolcanic processes. Presented by Sarah Fagents, University of Hawaii.

Investigations of fractures, cryovolcansim, and surface response driven by over-pressurization as a cryomagma chamber cools and freezes. Presented by Kate Craft, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

This presentation will review our understanding of Ceres' brine chemistry and its role in geological activity. Presented by Julie Castillo-Rogez, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Simulating the thermal and physicochemical properties of planetary oceans/brines/ices as they solidify. What we can learn from terrestrial sea ice. Presented by Jacob Buffo, Georgia Institute of Technology.

Several of the impact craters on Ceres have sets of fractures on their floors, morphologically similar lunar Floor-Fractured Craters. We present a geomorphic and topographic analysis of the cerean FFCs and propose hypotheses for their formation. Presented by Debra Buczkowski, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

Mapping and measurements of several vented dome structures on Pluto leans toward a mud-volcanism type process. Presented by Caitlin Ahrens, University of Arkansas.

The universe is incredibly old, astoundingly vast and populated by trillions of planets -- so where are all the aliens? Astronomer Stephen Webb has an explanation: we're alone in the universe. In a mind-expanding talk, he spells out the remarkable barriers a planet would need to clear in order to host an extraterrestrial civilization -- and makes a case for the beauty of our potential cosmic loneliness. "The silence of the universe is shouting, 'We're the creatures who got lucky,'" Webb says. Check out more TED Talks: http://www.ted.com The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. Follow TED on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/TEDTalks Like TED on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TED Subscribe to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/TED

Original air date: Aug. 9 at 7 p.m. PT (10 p.m. ET, 0200 UTC) The Spitzer Space Telescope is one of NASA’s Great Observatories, designed to observe the universe in infrared light. Launched in 2003 with an expected lifetime of five years, Spitzer has succeeded beyond our wildest expectations. This talk will cover engineering feats and technical challenges, as well as recent science highlights. These include science Spitzer was not designed to do, such as the discovery and characterization of seven rocky, potentially habitable planets in the nearby TRAPPIST-1 system. Speaker: Sean Carey, Manager of the Spitzer Science Center, Caltech/IPAC

Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: The Fate of Stars Like the Sun Greg Sloan of the Space Telescope Science Institute Our Sun, though seemingly eternal, is about halfway through its roughly 10-billion-year lifespan. What will happen when the Sun dies? Not only will the answer be important to whoever inhabits Earth in a few billion years, it is important to astronomers today. Quiet stars like the Sun are many times more numerous than large stars and play a major role in how galaxies develop. Importantly, how these stars die determines when life can first form in the galaxy. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, August 7 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

What is the potential of Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) technology in Space? Could VR technology plays a role in our ambition to reach the stars. Could we use this new tool to explore and understand our solar system? Will it help to harvest the almost infinite amount of energy and material available in space? Together with VR/AR specialists, Space entrepreneurs, as well as scientific institutions like the SETI Institute, we will discuss the role of VR/AR, emphasizing how this new technology can be used by scientists, engineers, and educators to build, share and describe future innovative space projects as well as share with the public the excitement of exploring our universe. Timoni West is a director of XR Research in Unity Labs, managing a team of cross-disciplinary artists and engineers. Her group explores how humans can create and live in worlds in virtual & augmented reality. She will describe how the VR/AR tools are now available to everybody giving the opportunity to talented artists and engineers to build their own applications for space exploration. Amaresh Kollipara is an Emmy-nominated VR producer and space industry executive with a multidisciplinary background. He recently led a project called Mission:ISS at Facebook's VR company Oculus. This project was conducted in collaboration with NASA and is a true-to-life simulation of the International Space Station in VR. Amaresh will also discuss new VR use cases being developed by NASA, ESA, and other agencies. He’ll discuss how several agencies and companies are using VR and AR technologies to visualize large amounts of data and communicate space themes with the general public. Franck Marchis, a senior planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute and Chief Scientific Officer at Unistellar. Franck is also a scientific advisor for VR2Planets, a company which specialized in creating accurate environments from space-based and drone/rover data to help scientists explore and understand planets and other bodies in our solar system. A multi-user demo which immerses the users on the surface of Mars made from the Curiosity rover data combined with the space-satellite data will be featured at the event. Franck will discuss his thoughts on the potential of VR for scientific investigations at large. J.R Skok is a planetary scientist with the SETI Institute. His research is focused on exploring the deep history of Mars and the Earth and the active exploration for astrobiology. He is the scientific advisor for AstroReality, a company that developed topographically precise planetary models that are paired with AR technology for education and science outreach. J.R. will demonstrate the power of combining the limitless potential of AR with tangible handheld artifacts to understand Space like never before.

http://www.fordastronomyclub.com Astronomy For Everyone is a TV series of monthly TV shows developed by members of the Ford Amateur Astronomy Club (FAAC) targeted to beginner and intermediate audiences as well as all amateur astronomers and sky observers. Please click SHOW MORE. The Ford Amateur Astronomy Club (FAAC) meets monthly in Dearborn, Michigan, provides public outreach sessions, holds night-time observing sessions (Star Parties) in and around South Eastern Michigan, has established observing locations with State and Local park authorities, we share mentoring and more. To see an overview of all of the Astronomy For Everyone programs, please visit: http://www.fordastronomyclub.com/AFE/AFE.html You are welcome to explore our website at: http://www.fordastronomyclub.com This episode covers Eclipse & Syzygy