LECTURES & TALKS

We have all heard of the James Webb Space Telescope but do we really understand how complex it is and how important it will be when it is put into orbit? Dr. Nathalie Ouellette explains the challenges and the dramatic advances that one of the most complex machines ever built, the James Webb Space Telescope, will have on modern astronomy. She gave her presentation at the RASC/AAVSO 2019 General Assembly on June 14, 2019 at York University.

Have you ever wondered what to do with a historical observatory and how to preserve it and get the most out of it? Well, Prof. Jan Cami met that challenge and then some. He highlighted some of the key incremental changes made by a confluence of people to transform the Hume Cronyn Memorial Observatory on the campus of Western University, which changed the way the Observatory is used. He presented his topic at the RASC/AAVSO General Assembly on June 14, 2019 at York University.

At the 2019 RASC/AAVSO General Assembly, Professor John Moores discussed why the atmosphere is the easiest part of a planet to study and is a feature that can be examined from a great distance, even light years away. Professor Moores covered what we have learned about the atmospheres of the planets in our own solar system and how this knowledge can be applied to exoplanets. He gave this talk at York University on June 14, 2019.

Did you know that photons from the sun can push a spacecraft? This isn't solar power, it's solar sailing! Mat Kaplan of the Planetary Society shares the incredible journey of Light Sail 2 with All Space Considered. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

What does it take for us to see star spots on stars other than our Sun? What can these spots tell us about the age of the star? In this talk Mark discusses how using space based telescopes Kepler, TESS and Gaia we are able to constrain the ages of other stars. Mark Popinchalk is a graduate student at the City University of New York, where he works with the Brown Dwarf New York City (BDNYC) research group. He studies a range of objects from low mass stars (the most numerous stars in our galaxy, approximately 10% the mass of the Sun) to large gaseous exoplanets, as well as brown dwarfs, the quasi-stellar objects that lie in between the two. He has been involved in projects designed to classify, probe atmospheres, define rotation periods, and measure their masses. He is based out of the American Museum of Natural History, where he is also involved with shows at the Hayden Planetarium, and education and outreach ventures with students of all ages. This talk is part of the Westport Astronomical Society's Free Lecture Series, and was presented at the observatory on July 16, 2019.

Leading experts (including Nobel Prize Winner Rai Weiss) discuss the future and far future of gravitational wave astronomy from upgrading LIGO to larger ground based detectors such as The Einstein telescope and The Cosmic Explorer to spaced missions such as LISA, DECIGO and the Big Bang Observer. For a timeline of content see below: RW =Rainer Weiss - MIT BS =Bangalore Sathyaprakash - Penn State SR = Shelia Rowan - Glasgow University GG= Gabriela González Louisiana State BFS = Bernard F Shutz - Cardiff University JB = John F Beacom - Ohio State MAM = Miguel Alejandro Mostafá - Penn State 00:00 SR on invisible messengers 00:30 narration on gravitational waves 1:21 RW on the first discovery 4:47 BS on first discovery 5:10 RW on the colliding black holes 5:30 BS on the mystery of the black hole masses and spins 6:41 GG on discoveries to date 7:46 narration on improving LIGO 8:10 SR on new technologies for imprivng ground based detectors 10:03 BS on upgrading LIGO 10:25 SR on new ground based detectors 11:38 narration on the Hubble tension 12:24 BFS on standard sirens and solving the Hubble tension 13:35 GG on larger ground based detectors beyond LIGO 15:19 RW on the above topic 15:44 BFS on the above topic 16:08 narration on LISA 16:23 SR on the need for a space based mission 17:39 RW on LISA 19:13 BFS on LISA 20:35 SR on LISA 20:48 RW on LISA 21:01 GG on LISA 22:26 RW on LISA 22:54 BS on surprises 23:17 RW on LISA 24:26 BS on pulsar timing arrays 25:39 narration on the mysteries that gravitational waves can unlock 25:55 BS on dark matter 27:26 narration on modified gravity 27:29 SR on modified gravity 29:14 BFS on dark matter 29:48 BS on dark energy 30:32 GG on dark energy 30:49 BFS on dark energy 32:27 BS on quantum gravity 33:49 BFS on quantum gravity 36:18 narration on multi messenger astronomy 36:42 JB on above topic 37:06 MAM on neutron star collisions 38:02 JB on neutrinos 38:27 MAM on AMON 40:39 narration on how do black hole and black binaries form 40:49 RW on above topic 41:12 JB on neutrinos and above topic 42:27 JB on the CNB cosmic neutrino background 44:26 MAM on cosmic rays 45:47 BFS on missions to look for primordial gravitational waves 48:07 RW on the Big Bang Observer

Tiny Stellar Islands in a Big Old Universe Trisha Ashley of the Space Telescope Science Institute Galaxies are islands of stars, gas, and dark matter, the smallest of which are called dwarf galaxies. Although dwarf galaxies are the most numerous, astronomers are still trying to understand their structure, composition, and variety. Star formation in dwarf galaxies is especially important. What triggers star formation in dwarf galaxies? Why do some form a lot more stars? Join us to hear how these galaxies compare to our Milky Way galaxy and what makes them special! Host: Dr. Alex Lockwood of the Space Telescope Science Institute Recorded live on Tuesday, August 6, 2019, at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures

Magnetroplasma Rocket technology

Thirty-five years ago string theory took physics by storm, promising the coveted unified theory of nature’s forces that Einstein valiantly sought but never found. In the intervening decades, string theory has brought a collection of mind-boggling possibilities into the lexicon of mainstream thinking—extra dimensions of space, holographic worlds, and multiple universes. Some researchers view these developments as symptoms of string theory having lost its way. Others argue that string theory, although very much still a work in progress, is revealing stunning new qualities of reality. Join leading minds in theoretical physics for a whirlwind ride through the twists and turns of string theory—its past, its future, and what it tells us about the search for the universe’s final theory. PARTICIPANTS: Marcelo Gleiser, Michael Dine, Andrew Strominger MODERATOR: Brian Greene MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/programs/loose-ends-string-theory-and-the-quest-for-the-ultimate-theory/ This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION. - SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube Channel and "ring the bell" for all the latest videos from WSF - VISIT our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com - LIKE us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldsciencefestival - FOLLOW us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest TOPICS 0:03 - Opening film 3:54 - Program introduction 5:40 - Marcelo Gleiser introduction 6:26 - Unification of electricity and magnetism 10:30 - Unification of space and time 13:49 - Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity 18:38 - Standard model of particle physics 21:56 - Supersymmetry 26:14 - The Island of Knowledge 32:01 - Godel’s Incompleteness Theorems 34:27 - String Theory explainer film 37:07 - Michael Dine introduction 38:35 - Supersymmetry and the spectrum of particles 42:18 - Large Hadron Collider 44:57 - Extra dimensions of space 50:34 - Dark energy and multiple universes 56:40 - Progress since the 1980s and the future of particle physics 59:55 - Andrew Strominger introduction 1:00:53 - Einstein and black holes 1:03:59 - The black hole information paradox 1:07:30 - Stephen Hawking’s insights into black holes 1:12:00 - Using string theory to understand black holes 1:19:33 - Conformal symmetry 1:22:48 - Andrew Strominger’s view of string theory CREDITS - Produced by Laura Dattaro - Associate Produced by Peter Goldberg - Editing and Animation by Josh Zimmerman - Music provided by APM - Additional images and footage provided by: Getty Images, Shutterstock, Videoblocks, Event Horizon Telescope - Recorded at NYU Skirball Center

Description: Giant planets can be up to 13 times the mass of Jupiter, while the least massive stars are about 80 times the mass of Jupiter. In between are objects called "brown dwarfs" – too massive to be called planets, but not massive enough to burn hydrogen and shine like stars. Since 1994, a few thousand brown dwarfs have been observed close to us in the galaxy. But, what are they? Are they more like half-pint cousins of stars, or more like overgrown planets? This lecture explains how we observe and study brown dwarfs and what we have learned about them. It describes clues to their nature from their composition and their evolution over time, and the insights they give us into how stars and planets are born. About the Speaker: Eric Nielsen is a research scientist in the Kavli Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at Stanford University. He obtained his PhD in astronomy at the University of Arizona, and was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the SETI Institute. His research interests include searches for exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and the demographics of giant planets. He has collaborated in a number of planet-hunting surveys, trying to directly image giant planets around young nearby stars, including the ongoing Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) using the Gemini-South Telescope in Chile. This work includes the discovery of 51 Eridani b, a planet two-and-a-half times more massive than Jupiter. Nielsen is working to apply lessons learned from these ground-based surveys to future space-based missions that will image planets similar to Jupiter and Earth found orbiting distant stars.

Dr. Hal Levison joined the NASA Night Sky Network on July 25, 2019 to share with us the plans for the Lucy mission to study the Trojan asteroids. For more information, check out the webinar outreach resource page on the Night Sky Network website. https://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/admin/download-update.cfm?Doc_ID=648

2318 RHOB, Washington, D.C. WITNESSES: Dr. Bhavya Lal, Research Staff Member, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute Ms. Carissa Christensen, Chief Executive Officer, Bryce Space and Technology Mr. Eric W. Stallmer, President, Commercial Spaceflight Federation Mr. Mike French, Vice President, Space Systems, Aerospace Industries Association Ms. Laura Montgomery, Proprietor, Ground Based Space Matters, Professor, Catholic University’s Columbus School of Law https://science.house.gov/hearings/the-commercial-space-landscape-innovation-market-and-policy

The 2019 Exploration Science Forum features scientific discussions about the Moon and other exploration targets of interest, such as near-Earth asteroids and the moons of Mars. Participants will learn about recent mission results and in-depth analyses of science and exploration studies that reflect the direction of the Agency and community. Dedicated side conferences for students and young professionals, along with public engagement discussions, are interwoven among science topics.

The 2019 Exploration Science Forum features scientific discussions about the Moon and other exploration targets of interest, such as near-Earth asteroids and the moons of Mars. Participants will learn about recent mission results and in-depth analyses of science and exploration studies that reflect the direction of the Agency and community. Dedicated side conferences for students and young professionals, along with public engagement discussions, are interwoven among science topics. For more information, visit: https://nesf2019.arc.nasa.gov

Dr. Paul Falkowski presenting at the 2019 Sagan Summer Workshop: Astrobiology for Astronomers. More information on this and past Sagan Exoplanet Summer Workshops can be found here: http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/

Dr. Sean Raymond at the 2019 Sagan Summer Workshop on Astrobiology for Astronomers, presenting at talk titled Formation of Terrestrial Planets. More information on this and past Sagan Exoplanet Summer Workshops can be found here: http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/

Watch Kalind Carpenter and Morgan Cable from JPL present the Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor or EELS robot architecture which is designed to carry the latest instruments into dynamic arenas in search of life. EELS is adaptable to traverse ocean world inspired terrain, fluidized media, enclosed labyrinthian environments and liquids. It is a snake-like self-propelled endoscope form comprising serially-replicated segments with encapsulated locomotion and bending. This lecture was presented at the Keck Institute for Space Studies on July 15, 2019. Speakers' Biography: Kalind Carpenter is a Robotics Engineer in the robotic Vehicles and Manipulators group at JPL. The lab he has helped create focuses on rapid technology development and end effectors specifically tailored to gripping and extreme surface mobility. He is the principal investigator (PI) of the Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor (EELS), a snakelike robot aimed to access Enceladus’s ocean through an active plume. He has collaborated on four patents including two based on his thesis research and has three more provisional patents in place. Dr. Morgan Cable is a Research Scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. She worked on the Cassini Mission as a Project Science Systems Engineer, and is currently a member of the Project Science Team for the Europa Lander mission concept. Morgan’s research focuses on organic and biomarker detection, through both in situ and remote sensing techniques. While earning her Ph.D. in Chemistry at Caltech, she designed receptor sites for the detection of bacterial spores, the toughest form of life. As a NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at JPL, Morgan developed novel protocols to analyze organic molecules such as amines and fatty acids using small, portable microfluidic sensors. Currently Dr. Cable performs laboratory experiments to study the unique organic chemistry of Titan, a moon of Saturn. She and colleagues were the first to discover a co-crystal, the equivalent of a ‘hydrated mineral’, made exclusively of organics that may exist on Titan’s surface. This work has led to the inception of a new field, Titan ‘petrology’. Morgan also conducts field work in extreme environments on Earth, searching for life in places such as the Atacama Desert, the summit of Mt. Kilimanjaro and the lava fields in Iceland.

The historic mission to put an astronaut on the Moon launched on July 16, 1969. Just four days later, July 20, 1969, Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin made history as the first men to step foot on the moon. The mission also successfully collected the first lunar samples brought back to earth. Events are free and open to the public. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

The Asteroid Foundation and our premier sponsors welcome academic and industry leaders from Luxembourg to a technical presentation about asteroids led by experts traveling from around the world. Learn insights into asteroids including space missions, computational tools to find, track and deflect asteroids, the state of the world with respect to United Nations asteroid initiatives and much more. Our program is part of the United Nations International Asteroid Day campaign. The program is hosted Arendt and the Asteroid Foundation, a Luxembourg nonprofit. Program Mark Boslough will discuss what we have learned about the physics of terrestrial airbursts over the last quarter century. This knowledge has enabled us to model airburst consequences in support of risk assessment. Lynn Jones will discuss how the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will detect on the order of 200,000 Near Earth Asteroids, and over 6,000,000 Main belt asteroids, along with tens of thousands of long and short period comets, and anywhere from 1 to 100 Interstellar Objects like 'Oumuamua. This lets us identify unusual or outlier asteroids, discover potential targets for spaceflight missions, and learn about the formation of the Solar System. Slava G. Turyshev will present a new space mission concept that is capable of finding, detecting, and tracking 90% of near-Earth objects (NEO) with H magnitude of H ≤ 22 (i.e., ∼140 m in size). The new mission concept relies on two emerging technologies: the technique of synthetic tracking and the new generation of small and capable interplanetary spacecraft. Robert Jedicke will discussPan-STARRS1 telescope on the 3,000-meter summit of Haleakala in Hawai'i. The system can also detect asteroids that could be future targets for water extraction to jump-start human exploration of our solar system. Patrick Michel will present exciting new data from the asteroid missions Hayabusa2 as well as new science coming from OSIRIS-REx. Including anecdotes better than an Indiana Johns adventure. He is at the scientific heart of both these missions. Each panel presentation end with interactive Q&A from the Astronauts and the audience Speakers Georges Schmit, Asteroid Foundation Board Chair Danica Remy, Asteroid Day Co-founder Space Travelers Rusty Schweickart Dr. Ed Lu, Dr. Dorin Prunariu Aleksandr Misurkin Reinhold Ewald Scientists Lynne Jones Mark Boslough Patrick Michel Robert Jedicke Slava G. Turyshev

On July 12, 2019, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine was interviewed on the C-SPAN program "Newsmakers." He was interviewed by Jeff Foust of Space News and Christian Davenport of the Washington Post. Topics included the recent demotion of NASA Associate Administrator William Gerstenmaier, Space Launch System, commercial crew, and Project Artemis. The event's original web page is https://www.c-span.org/video/?462496-1/newsmakers-jim-bridenstine. We're on Twitter at @WordsmithFL.

Filmed April 2017 Originally developed in the late 1950’s, the Atlas rocket was, by the 1960’s, responsible for sending John Glenn and the other Mercury astronauts into low Earth orbit. 55 years later, in a bridge of history, the Atlas family of rockets will again be responsible for placing American astronauts into Earth orbit. United Launch Alliance’s (ULA) Atlas V rocket and the Boeing Company’s Starliner crew capsule will return human spaceflight to American soil beginning in the next few years. Who is Caleb Weiss? CALEB WEISS is mission manager of Commercial Crew missions for United Launch Alliance (ULA). In this role, Weiss leads a team responsible for integrating The Boeing Company’s Starliner crew capsule onto ULA’s Atlas V rocket. Prior to his current role, Weiss managed various Air Force and commercial missions for ULA, most recently DigitalGlobe’s WorldView-4 mission, the highest resolution commercial imaging satellite currently on orbit. Weiss has held various systems engineering and project management roles for ULA, mostly centered around launch vehicle integration for Air Force, NASA and commercial customers. Weiss also has managed several special projects, including the deployment of RocketBuilder.com, which sets a new standard of transparency for launch services pricing. Weiss earned Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder. NEAF Talks brings you the best from the annual NEAF Astronomy & Space conference which is held just outside of New York City at the RCC campus of the State University of New York. The Northeast Astronomy Forum is in its 26th year and is a world-renowned symposium which annually searches the globe for the most relevant personalities who are making space, science and astronomy history today. Now through NEAF Talks online, these outstanding lectures are available to classrooms, universities, professionals and the world- free of charge. Visit RocklandAstronomy.com/NEAF for more information or to learn how to see NEAF live. NEAF Talks- supporting science and astronomy education for a quarter century, now free to the world via the web. Like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/Northeast-Astronomy-Forum-Space-Expo-504029046447061/

#GlennSymposium2019 Today is day two of the Glenn Memorial Symposium. Join us to talk about going to the stars. Please use Discord for our live chat: https://discord.gg/K9BuW2U We are in the livestream-chat channel!

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

What's the universe made of? What are galaxy filaments? How did it all come to be? Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe This talk was hosted in conjunction with U3A. Dr Andrew Pontzen is a cosmologist at University College London. His research, for which he was awarded the Royal Astronomical Society’s 2016 Fowler Award, focuses on the way that galaxies and other structures have formed in our Universe. He is also an experienced communicator of science on radio, TV and at events across the UK. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/5X7vqLYoE_s This talk and Q&A were filmed at the Ri on 11 March 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Dave Ostler, David Lindo, David Schick, Erik Shepherd, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Joe Godenzi, Julia Stone, Kellas Lowery, Lasse T. Stendan, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Paul Brown, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.

Dr. Cliff Johnson gives us an overall view of the popular people powered research website for citizen science. He outlines some of the successes, the scope of what can be accomplished and what the future holds for citizen participation on the Zooniverse platform. He gave his talk on June 14, 2019 at the combined General Assembly of RASC and AAVSO, which was held at York University in Toronto.

Our Colorful Universe: Translating Cosmic Light Joseph DePasquale of the Space Telescope Science Institute Vivid and fantastical images of the cosmos can amaze and astound both scientists and the public alike. Have you ever wondered how the data from the Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories are transformed into these celestial works of art? How is light beyond the visible spectrum presented and combined to create multi-wavelength masterpieces? And does the strange term “false color” mean that the images are not real? Join us for an engaging discussion exploring how these colorful cosmic images are created, and delve into the broader context of the history of our understanding of light. Host: Dr. Frank Summers of the Space Telescope Science Institute Recorded live on Tuesday, July 2, 2019, at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: https://hubblesite.org/resource-gallery/learning-resources/public-lecture-series

Watch Dr. Annmarie Eldering, the Project Scientist for OCO-3, share some of the latest news from OCO-3, as well as the goals for the three year measurement campaign from the ISS. This lecture took place at the Keck Institute for Space on June 26, 2019. In May 2019, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was installed on the International Space Station (ISS). A follow-on to the still-active OCO-2 mission, OCO-3 will bring not only a new vantage point but new techniques and new technologies to NASA's carbon dioxide observations. OCO-3 is a 3-band grating spectrometer, and can make extremely precise measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, sensing changes of less than 1ppm (relative to today’s concentrations that are about 400ppm). The space station circles Earth from 52 degrees north to 52 degrees south latitudes — about the latitudes of London and Patagonia. The vast majority of Earth's cities and agricultural lands, responsible for most of our planet's carbon absorption and emissions, fall within this zone. Where OCO-2's polar orbit takes it over each location at exactly the same time of day, the space station's orbit will put OCO-3 over each location at a slightly different time on every orbit. OCO-3 will demonstrate a new technique to measure urban carbon emissions, volcanic eruptions and other local carbon sources from space. This scanning technique, enabled by the instrument's ability to swivel and point rapidly, produces a tightly woven blanket of measurements over an area of about 50 by 50 miles (80 by 80 kilometers) — about the size of the Los Angeles Basin. Dr. Annmarie Eldering received her Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering Science from Caltech in 1994 with a focus on air pollution and its impacts on visibility in Los Angeles. She has been at JPL since 1999, adapting her knowledge of radiative transfer and light scattering to algorithm development for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) as well as validation of AIRS data. After a period in technical management at JPL, she joined the OCO–2 project in 2010 in the role of Deputy Project Scientist. She is now also the Project Scientist for OCO-3, a follow-on payload that was installed on the International Space Station in May 2019.

Has LIGO detected the ripples in space-time from a black hole/neutron star merger? All Space Considered’s Dr. Laura Danly checks out the universe’s gravitational waves. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

After watching Dr. Weiss' lecture on Nov 28, 2018 at the Ontario Science Centre, Artash and Arushi Nath wanted to test the theory behind the quadruple pendulum system that was used in the LIGO Observatory to isolate vibrations and help detect Gravitational Waves. Artash and Arushi gave this demonstration at the Recreational Astronomy Night meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada -- Toronto Centre, which was held at the Ontario Science Centre on May 22, 2019.

Clarence Spencer teaches the 2019 Nightscaper Conference everything we ever wanted to know about Cameras modified for Astrophotography! Get better reds and color out of your nebulae and low-contrast deep sky objects! Bring out detail in your core without high ISO if that is what you love. Basically, get the MOST YOU CAN out of your Astrophotography camera by modding it. In fact, the crazy unexpected favorite modifcation Clarence offers at Spencer's Camera & Photo is the AA filter! At the conference we all thought even more about modifying our camera when we saw the change when the AA filter was removed! Go to 42:42 and tell me what you think! Get Spencer's Cameras help to modify your camera now! https://www.spencerscamera.com/ #MilkyWayPhotography #AstroMod #Astrophotography Are you a Milky Way Photographer? Want to prove you are a Master? Join us at MilkyWayPhotographers.com! Earn your Master Milky Way Photographer rank now over at: https://milkywayphotographers.com/ Support us: https://www.patreon.com/photogadventures Thanks for watching and see you next time! WEBSITE: http://www.photogadventures.com/ ABOUT: http://www.photogadventures.com/about/ ************************************************************** Do you enjoy Photography Podcasts? Check out our Podcast where we talk more in detail about what went well and what could have gone better in each of our adventures : https://goo.gl/6T4oJG ************************************************************** If you are curious, below is a list of the gear we use. These are Amazon links, so if you were to buy anything from them it actually would help support Photog Adventures and we really appreciate it! Camera Gear: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Canon 5D MKIII: https://goo.gl/PmrmKq Canon 70D: https://goo.gl/AcrCmq Canon 6D: https://goo.gl/97a0VJ Canon 17-35mm f2.8L: https://goo.gl/N7QUuu Tamron 15-30mm f2.8: https://goo.gl/dKzIBd SunwayFoto L Bracket: https://goo.gl/E3B4xS Manfrotto Junior 410 Geared Head: https://goo.gl/3VTViD Acratech GP Ballhead with Gimbal Feature: https://goo.gl/GltQvm Manfrotto Tripod Aluminum: https://goo.gl/5AuRcV Feisol Tournament CT-3442 Rapid: https://goo.gl/silJQV Mindshift Gear 180 Horizon: https://goo.gl/AZC3XA Canon Camera Bag: https://goo.gl/nXk9ON Astrophotography Gear: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Boruit Rechargeable LED Headlamp RJ-3000: https://goo.gl/FVrQKt JClaw Tek LED Headlamp with Red Lights for Night: https://goo.gl/7bmz3l F&V Z96 UltraColor LED Light (Same as Aaron purchased but as of today, out of stock.) amzn.to/2oZGyHj In-Stock option for F&V HDV-Z96 II Z-flash LED Light amzn.to/2oZsm1d Larger Capacity Battery for F&V light amzn.to/2opJU86 YONGNUO YN300 Air LED Video Light: https://goo.gl/TewFMs Rokinon/Samyang 24mm F/1.4 Aspherical Wide Angle Lens: https://goo.gl/IeBdaR Vlogging Gear: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GoPro HERO4 Session: https://goo.gl/fTGbYv GoPro Hero4 Silver: https://goo.gl/h0gSgd GoPro Hero4 Black: https://goo.gl/yZD5T3 Zoom H1 Portable Digital Recorder: https://goo.gl/RvKj5e Rode SmartLav+: https://goo.gl/7qwAh2 Tascam DR-60DmkII: https://goo.gl/5uklXJ Thank you for supporting us!

A Royal Astronomical Society of Canada live stream presentation of the Ruth Northcutt Memorial Lecture, which was held at York University, Toronto on June 15, 2019. Lecture starts at 8:33

Composer Eric Whitacre joins All Space Considered to discuss and share portions of his orchestral piece, "Deep Field," inspired by the Hubble Deep Field image and the universe itself. He describes in detail how you can turn the awe and magnificence of images of the universe into music. All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AllSpaceConsidered/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allspaceconsidered/ -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Check out https://www.CuriosityStream.com/startalk and use code "startalk" to get your first 31 days free. Neil deGrasse Tyson and Eugene Mirman welcome planetary scientist Carolyn Porco, Sean Ono Lennon, Vanessa Bayer, and Michael Ian Black to search for life in the universe. They discuss the possibility of life on Saturn's moons, humans' attempt at communicating with extraterrestrial life through the Voyager mission, and more. Recorded live at the Beacon Theatre in NYC on September 15, 2016 #extraterrestrial #StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson

Where did the universe come from and where is it going? Could our universe be one of many and how come the universe keeps expanding at an ever increasing rate? Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe You can buy Jo's book "Our Universe: An Astronomer's Guide" now - https://geni.us/OVCOcP Most of us have heard of black holes and supernovas, galaxies and the Big Bang. But few of us understand more than the bare facts about the universe we call home. What is really out there? How did it all begin? Where are we going? Award-winning astrophysicist and Professor of Physics at Princeton University, Jo Dunkley traces the evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang fourteen billion years ago, past the birth of the Sun and our planets, to today and beyond. She explains cutting-edge debates about such perplexing phenomena as the accelerating expansion of the universe and the possibility that our universe is only one of many. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/2kdk_I0fKPE Jo Dunkley is a Professor of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University. Her research is in cosmology, studying the origins and evolution of the Universe. Her main projects are the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Simons Observatory. She also works on the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. This talk was filmed at the Ri on 23 January 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Dave Ostler, David Lindo, David Schick, Elizabeth Greasley, Erik Shepher, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Joe Godenzi, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, Sergei Solovev and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.

Professor Brad Gibson, University of Hull, Great Britain discusses the planetary requirements for development of complex biological life, as well as the importance of public outreach and of supporting gender diversity in research.

Join Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Sarah Rose Siskind as they answer fan-submitted Cosmic Queries about our collision course with the Andromeda galaxy, how the Big Bang got its name, the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, dark matter, and much more. This episode originally aired on StarTalk Radio on July 27, 2018. #StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson #Galaxy

In recent years, multiple space missions have been launched. Today the earth is opening up its secrets as never before. A lecture by Jacqueline McGlade, Jackson Professor of the Environment 21 May 2019 6pm (UK time) https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/exploring-earth-from-space In recent years, multiple space missions have been launched. Many have set out across our galaxy to explore other systems and planets, capturing people’s imaginations and helping us to understand more about the origins of the universe. But there are also a myriad of space missions and platform that are sending data back to earth that are telling us about how earth is changing. Today the earth is opening up its secrets as never before.

May 15, 2019 Dr. Ross Beyer (SETI Institute) Pluto’s large moon Charon turned out to be far more interesting than astronomers expected. Pluto was the star of the New Horizons show, but the features on Charon’s surface tell a fascinating tale of how icy worlds could form far from the gravitational influences of the giant planets. There is evidence of a world-wide sub-surface ocean early on, and of global expansion as that ocean froze solid. Dr. Beyer is your expert (and humorous) guide through this story of formation and change in the frozen reaches of the outer Solar System.

Planetary scientist Dr. Bruce Banerdt of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discusses NASA’s InSight mission to Mars and what has been learned about the interior of Mars in the mission’s five months on the surface of the Red Planet. Banerdt also compares InSight’s mission objectives and instruments to past missions built to explore planetary interiors. This was the fifth presentation in the Lunar and Planetary Institute’s 2018–2019 Cosmic Exploration Speaker Series — The LPI at 50: A Half Century of Solar System Exploration.

Anastasia Fialkov (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (UK)) Title: Evaluating Cosmic Dawn Abstract: Cosmic dawn is one of the least-explored epochs in the history of the Universe illuminated by the very first stars and black holes. 21-cm radio signal produced by the intergalactic neutral hydrogen is tied to the intensity of radiation generated by these first sources of light. The signal can be used to constrain process of primordial star and black hole formation as well as reionization. In my talk I will discuss astrophysical processes that drive the signal. Pioneering radio experiments such as EDGES High-Band and SARASII deliver data which are capable to disfavor large sections of the high-redshift astrophysical parameter space. I will show the first observational constraints on reionization and cosmic dawn derived using the data of global 21-cm experiments at redshifts z~6-14. I will also discuss combined constraints with high-redshift quasars and Lyman Break Galaxies. Finally, I will comment on the claimed detection made with the EDGES Low-Band antenna at z~17.

Are we alone in this vast universe? Some think that’s highly unlikely. With new technologies joining the search, NASA estimates we’ll find definitive evidence of aliens within 20 to 30 years. Which raises the vital question: And then what? Will the news inspire jubilation, despair, or fear? Will aliens be seen as gods or interlopers? Evidence of alien life will provoke fundamental questions about our place in the universe–not just about who they are, but also who we are. Join astronomers, astrobiologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and linguists as we ponder these issues. PARTICIPANTS: Kathryn Denning, David Kipping, Karen Lewis, and Marcelo Magnasco MODERATOR: Wendy Zukerman MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/programs/alien-contact-happens-next/ This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION. - SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube Channel and "ring the bell" for all the latest videos from WSF - VISIT our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/ - LIKE us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldsciencefestival - FOLLOW us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest TOPICS: 0:17 - Participant intros 1:50 - How are scientists searching for intelligent life? 5:10 - Sending messages into space 6:59 - What kind of alien signal are we likely to detect? 9:00 - Would we be able to interpret an alien signal? 13:44 - What is the closest that intelligent life could be to Earth? 16:25 - How would we know if far away transmitting civilizations still exist? 20:00 - How well can we communicate with dolphins? 24:19 - Dolphin research film 26:27 - Understanding dolphins vs. understanding aliens 28:44 - What are the steps to understand an alien language? 38:02 - What happens on earth after we contact alien life? 44:40 - "War of the Worlds" broadcast controversy and damage 46:40 - Will the discovery of aliens unite humanity? 50:39 - What if we’re alone in the universe? 53:10 - Could AI help us find aliens? 54:20 - Using our children to bridge languages and species PROGRAM CREDITS: - Produced by John Plummer - Associate Produced by Laura Dattaro This program was recorded live 6/3/18 at the World Science Festival and has been edited and condensed for YouTube.

This is Day 3 of the 2019 Humans to Mars Summit at The National Academy of Sciences Building, Washington D.C. The agenda and list of speakers can be found at: https://h2m.exploremars.org/#agenda We're on Twitter at @WordsmithFL.

May 16, 2019 Phillips Auditorium George Ricker MIT Host: Mercedes Lopez Morales Abstract: Successfully launched in April 2018, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is well on its way to discovering thousands of exoplanets in orbit around the brightest stars in the sky. During its two-year prime survey mission, TESS will monitor more than 200,000 bright stars in the solar neighborhood for temporary drops in brightness caused by planetary transits. This first-ever spaceborne all-sky transit survey will identify planets ranging in size from Earth-sized to gas giants, orbiting a wide variety of host stars, ranging from cool M dwarfs to hot O/B giants. TESS stars are typically 30–100 times brighter than those surveyed by the Kepler satellite; thus, TESS planets are far easier to characterize with follow-up observations. For the first time it will be possible to study the masses, sizes, densities, orbits, and atmospheres of a large cohort of small planets, including a sample of rocky worlds in the habitable zones of their host stars. An additional data product from the TESS mission is its full frame images (FFIs) with a cadence of 30 minutes. These FFIs provide precise photometric information for every object within the 2300 square degree instantaneous field of view of the TESS cameras. In total, nearly 100 million objects brighter than magnitude I= +16 will be precisely photometered during the two-year prime mission. As TESS’s limiting magnitude for stacked FFIs extends to fainter than I= +19, we anticipate the discovery of a wealth of galactic and extragalactic transients during the prime mission, as well as numerous asteroids and NEOs. The initial TESS all-sky survey is well underway, covering 13 observation sectors in the Southern Ecliptic Hemisphere in Year 1, and 13 observation sectors in Year 2. A concurrent deep survey by TESS of regions surrounding the North and South Ecliptic Poles will provide prime exoplanet targets for characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as well as other large ground-based and space-based telescopes coming online in the next two decades. The status of the TESS mission after the first ten observation sectors will be reviewed. The opportunities enabled by TESS’s unique lunar-resonant orbit for an extended mission lasting more than a decade will also be presented.

Loop quantum gravity aims to unify the theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics, as explained by Jim Baggott. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Buy Jim's book "Quantum Space": https://geni.us/7cLy Quantum gravity is the holy grail for modern theoretical physicists – a single structure that brings together the two great theories of the 20th century: quantum mechanics and general relativity. One widely-known solution is string theory, which emerged from particle physics. In this talk, Jim Baggott will describe the other approach known as Loop Quantum Gravity. This theory starts from general relativity, borrows many ideas and techniques from quantum mechanics, and predicts that space itself is quantum in nature. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/XE33mycJNNI Jim Baggott is an award-winning science writer. He trained as a scientist, completing a doctorate in chemical physics at the University of Oxford in the early 80s, before embarking on post-doctoral research studies at Oxford and at Stanford University in California. This talk was filmed at the Ri on 12 February 2019. --- A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially: Darren Jones, Dave Ostler, David Lindo, Elizabeth Greasley, Greg Nagel, Ivan Korolev, Joe Godenzi, Lester Su, Osian Gwyn Williams, Radu Tizu, Rebecca Pan, Robert Hillier, Roger Baker, Sergei Solovev and Will Knott. --- The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

In the last decade, we have established the existence of extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs) of sub-millisecond durations, likely originating at cosmologically significant distances. Explaining the FRB phenomenon has proved a compelling challenge to theory, with the number of distinct models only this year being superseded by the 65 reported events. The high FRB occurrence rate (comparable to the core-collapse supernova rate), isotropic-equivalent luminosities comparable to the most luminous quasars, the wide range of intrinsic and propagation-induced phenomenology, and the repetition of at least a sub-sample of objects are particularly noteworthy. FRBs have also opened a powerful new window into otherwise unseen matter in the Universe. Observations of large FRB samples will help assess the baryon contents and physical conditions in the hot/diffuse circumgalactic, intracluster, and intergalactic medium, and test extant compact-object dark matter models. I will review the state of the field and its promise for the future.

Sarbani Basu is a Professor in the Department of Astronomy at Yale University. She is also the current Chair of the Department. Dr. Basu received her training in India, and subsequently worked in the U.K. and Denmark before moving to the US to join the Institute for Advance Study, Princeton, NJ. She has been on the faculty of Yale since 2000. Dr. Basu specializes in the study of the Sun and other stars using data on stellar oscillations (star quakes). Her past research was devoted to studying the details of the structure and dynamics of the Sun, which allowed her claim, long before the particle physics community, that the solar neutrino problem was a problem with the standard model of particle physics, not that of astrophysics. Her current research focuses on two separate topics: The first is the study of variations in the Sun over time-scales that are of societal relevance. To this end she uses solar oscillation data to examine changes that take place inside the Sun over periods of years and decades. Her second focus is to study stars, in particular exo-planet hosts, to determine their structure, age and formation histories in order to understand those systems as well as to shed light on the past and future of the Sun and the solar system. This talk was presented at the Westport Astronomical Society on April 16, 2019.

Special guest Stef from Alltime Gaming joins Martin and Robin to discuss NASA's plans to launch a probe into an asteroid, and just what Russia is doing with beluga whales. Plus your YouTube comments and the Weekly Quiz! Check out the Alltime Gaming Super Show! https://bit.ly/2JeDFgz Don't forget to Subscribe for more Conspiracies! - http://bit.ly/1dmVsvF WE HAVE MERCH! https://teespring.com/en-GB/stores/alltime-conspiracies-merch Check out our podcast! Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2DUe9dT Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2SmxKaC AudioBoom: https://bit.ly/2P9XqVG A massive thank you to our super fans who have supported us on our Patreon page. Feel free to take a look at the rewards we have on offer for our supporters here: https://www.patreon.com/alltimeconspiracies?ty=h Like us on Facebook - http://on.fb.me/1eWsxhV Join us on Snapchat - https://www.snapchat.com/add/atconspiracies Follow us on Twitter - http://bit.ly/MNqFgY #AlltimeConspiracies , FAQ's: What editing software do we use?: http://amzn.to/2p8Y4G2 What mic do we use for our voice overs?: http://amzn.to/2pbWBzr What camera do we use to film?: http://amzn.to/2pbMv1A What computer do we edit on?: http://amzn.to/2p951qu

May 2, 2019 Phillips Auditorium Steve Finkelstein UT Austin Host: Sandro Tacchella Abstract: The reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM) was the last major phase transition of the universe, and both the time evolution and spatial variation of this process encode key information about the onset of luminous objects in the universe. While we think that massive stars within star-forming galaxies provide the needed ionizing photons, the observed escape fractions of these photons are too low to complete reionization when combined with typical assumptions. We have devised a new semi-empirical model, utilizing simulation-predicted escape fractions (where only the smallest halos have large escape fractions) in combination with observed galaxy luminosity functions. Using physically motivated priors on the threshold for star-formation based on halo mass rather than a single limiting magnitude, and allowing the ionizing photon production efficiency to evolve as suggested by observations, we find that it is possible for reionization to be completed by z=5.5 with low (5%) average ionizing photon escape fractions. Our model makes a number of testable predictions, including: 1) AGNs contribute non-negligibly to the end of reionization, 2) the neutral fraction at z~7 is only 20%, and 3) significant star-formation must be occurring at z~9-10. I will show observational results from my group at UT Austin testing all of these assumptions, including results from ultra-deep Keck spectroscopy for Lyman-alpha emission at z~7-10, and the discovery of several remarkably bright galaxy candidates at z 9. I will finish by discussing how early observations from JWST will further test these predictions, leading to a much better understanding of how early galaxies formed, and began the reionization process.