OORT CLOUD

Create a daily learning habit. Sign up at http://www.brilliant.org/answerswithjoe for 20% off a premium subscription. The Oort Cloud is a vast field of icy objects far outside the planets and asteroids of our solar system, and it's the birthplace of some of the most mysterious objects in space - comets. Support me on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/answerswithjoe Get cool nerdy t-shirts at http://www.answerswithjoe.com/shirts Follow me at all my places! Instagram: https://instagram.com/answerswithjoe Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/answerswithjoe Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/answerswithjoe Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/answerswithjoe =================== Comets have always held a special place for us. For hundreds of thousands of years, humans looked to the stars and found their gods, their mythologies, and their beliefs. So when an unusual object appeared overhead like a comet, that was considered a harbinger of doom. Over time, we learned our place in the solar system and the universe and understood that comets were just icy objects in extremely long, elliptical orbits around the sun. But the question of where these came from always eluded us. Edmund Halley was the first to make this distinction with the comet that now bears his name. But it wasn't until Jan Oort in 1950, who proposed the idea that there must be a vast cloud of comets just outside the gravity well of the solar system that we finally understood where these comets came from. Today, astronomers are looking for proof of this cloud, not just around our star, but around other stars as well. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope in Chile might be able to spot these when it comes on line in 2021.

Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Where is the Oort Cloud and what is it made of? Why do we think some comets from there? If the Oort Cloud exists, how did it form? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Follow all the show updates at http://www.askaspaceman.com, and help support the show at http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain.

Could the cold outer reaches of the solar system ever be called home? Visit our sponsor, Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ Far beyond even Pluto and the Kuiper Belt is a vast and mostly empty region of space that we theorize may contain trillions of comets and other icy bodies. Frozen and barren though they would be, we will consider how they might one day become thriving and comfortable habitats for us. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join the Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Visit the sub-reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/mega-earths Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier Graphics Team: Edward Nardella Jarred Eagley Justin Dixon Katie Byrne Kris Holland of Mafic Stufios: www.maficstudios.com Misho Yordanov Pierre Demet Sergio Botero: https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc Stefan Blandin Script Editing: Andy Popescu Connor Hogan Edward Nardella Eustratius Graham Gregory Leal Jefferson Eagley Keith Blockus Luca de Rosa Mark Warburton Michael Gusevsky Mitch Armstrong MolbOrg Naomi Kern Philip Baldock Sigmund Kopperud Tiffany Penner Music: Markus Junnikkala, "Hail the Victorious Dead" Koalips, "Kvazar" Lombus, "Hydrogen Sonata" Aerium, "Waters of Atlantis" Chris Zabriskie, "CGI Snake"

Some comets orbit the Sun on a regular basis, but others come in from deep space, a region known as the Oort Cloud. What causes them to make this journey, and will we ever be able to explore the Oort Cloud? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEIt... Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Before I get into this episode, I want to remind everyone that it’s been several decades since I’ve been able to enjoy a bright comet in the night sky. I’ve seen mind blowing auroras, and witnessed a total solar eclipse with my own eyeballs. The Universe needs to deliver this bright comet for me, and it needs to do it soon. By recording this video now, I will summon it. I will create a video that’ll be hilariously out of date in a few months, when that bright comet shows up. Like that time we totally discovered a supernova in the Virtual Star Party, by saying there wasn’t a supernova in that galaxy, but there was, and we didn’t get to make the discovery. Anyway, on to the episode. Let’s talk about comets. Comets are awesome. They’re made of gas, dust, rock, and organic materials, smashed together, and existing mostly unchanged since the formation of the Solar System 4.5 billion years ago. Every now and then, some gravitational interaction kicks a comet into an orbit that brings it closer to the Sun. Because of the increased radiation, the comet’s volatile gas and dust sublimates off the surface, leaving behind a long tail of ice. And this is how we discover them. In fact, comets are one of the objects in the night sky regularly found by amateurs. And by discovering a comet, you get to have it named after you. Of course many of the comets are named after robotic observatories, just another way the robots are taking human jobs.

So what is the actual distance of a newly discovered dwarf planet Sedna from the sun. I give a perspective on how distant it actually is. Music: Kevin MacLeod - Ossuary 5 - Rest

#HowTheUniverseWorks | Tuesdays at 10/9c on Science Full Episodes Streaming FREE on Science GO: https://www.sciencechannelgo.com/how-the-universe-works/ The Oort Cloud comets are like the dinosaur bones of solar system formation. Contained in them are the ingredients that made up our planets. And a close-up look at one could be deadly. Subscribe to Science Channel: http://bit.ly/SubscribeScience Check out SCI2 for infinitely awesome science videos. Every day. http://bit.ly/SCI2YT

This episode continues our team up with Fraser Cain to look at Colonizing the Solar System, we move from the inner solar system to the Asteroid Belt and beyond, all the way out to the Oort Cloud. Part 1: The Inner Solar System, can be watched here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALBMdY9-SZs Article: "COULD WE TERRAFORM JUPITER?" http://www.universetoday.com/121691/could-we-terraform-jupiter/ Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join the Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Visit the sub-reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/colonizing-the-outer-solar-system Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier

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Space Place… in a snap! Where does the solar system end? The solar system we call home has our sun, eight planets, all their moons, the asteroid belt, and lots of comets. Outside Neptune's orbit is the Kuiper Belt. An almost empty ring around the sun that has icy bodies, almost all smaller than Pluto, making slow orbits around the sun. But what’s beyond the Kuiper belt? Beyond the fringes of the Kuiper belt is the Oort Cloud. Unlike the orbits of the planets and the Kuiper Belt, which are pretty flat like a disk, It's a giant spherical shell surrounding the sun, planets, and Kuiper Belt Objects. Like a big bubble with thick walls around our solar system. It’s made of icy pieces of space debris the sizes of mountains and sometimes larger. This is where some comets come from. The voyager 1 spacecraft took 35 years to leave the sun's magnetic influence. It’s travelling one million miles each day. At that speed, it will take 300 years to reach the inner layer of the Oort Cloud. And then it will take 30,000 to get through it all. It’s that thick. Find out more about our solar system and what lies beyond it at NASA Space Place!

Now that we’re done with the planets, asteroid belt, and comets, we’re heading to the outskirts of the solar system. Out past Neptune are vast reservoirs of icy bodies that can become comets if they get poked into the inner solar system. The Kuiper Belt is a donut shape aligned with the plane of the solar system; the scattered disk is more eccentric and is the source of short period comets; and the Oort Cloud which surrounds the solar system out to great distances is the source of long-period comets. These bodies all probably formed closer into the Sun, and got flung out to the solar system’s suburbs by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. -- Table of Contents Icy Bodies That Can Become Comets 0:27 The Kuiper Belt is a Donut Shape Aligned With the Plane of the Solar System 2:57 The Scattered Disk is More Eccentric and the Source of Short Period Comets 4:26 Oort Cloud Surrounds Our Solar System and is the Source of Long-Period Comets 4:04 These Bodies Probably Formed Near the Sun and Dispersed Through Gravitational Interactions 5:41 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS HD Long Exposure Star Timelapse https://vimeo.com/34172172 [credit: Jeffrey Beach, Beachfront B-Roll] Fine Structure in the Comet’s Jets http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2015/01/16/fine-structure-in-the-comets-jets/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk#mediaviewer/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_Impression_of_a_Baby_Star_Still_Surrounded_by_a_Protoplanetary_Disc.jpg [credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA] Artist's impression of a protoplanetary disk. [credit: ESO/L. Calçada - ESO] Creating Gas Giants http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11541 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center] What is a Sungrazing Comet? http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11307 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center] Pluto/Neptune Orbit http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/files/images/browse/plutoneptune.gif [credit: NASA] 1992 QB1 http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/1992_QB14.jpg [credit: ESO] Eris http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060918.html [credit: W. M. Keck Observatory] Moons of Pluto http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)#/media/File:Moons_of_Pluto.png [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Showalter (SETI institute)] New Horizons Approach http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/common/content/animations/New-Horizons-Voyage-to-Pluto/ApproachingPluto1280.mp4 [credit: JHUAPL] Moon http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003894/phase04_full.jpg [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio] Pluto http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?Category=Planets&IM_ID=20073 [credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute] Sedna’s Orbit http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sedna-PIA05569-crop.jpg [credit: NASA] Artist’s Conception of Kuiper Belt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:14-281-KuiperBeltObject-ArtistsConcept-20141015.jpg [credit: NASA, Wikimedia Commons] Kuiper Belt World (video) http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/video/41 [credit: NASA Kepler Mission/Dana Berry] Pluto Discovery Plates http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/loaselect/id/25/rec/1 [credit: Clyde Tombaugh, Lowell Observatory]

This animation shows the location of the newly discovered planet-like object, dubbed "Sedna," in relation to the rest of the Solar System. Starting at the inner Solar System, which includes the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars (all in yellow), the view pulls away through the asteroid belt and the orbits of the outer planets beyond (green). Pluto and the distant Kuiper Belt objects are seen next until finally Sedna comes into view. As the field widens the full orbit of Sedna can be seen along with its current location. Sedna is nearing its closest approach to the Sun; its 10,000-year orbit typically takes it to far greater distances. Moving past Sedna, what was previously thought to be the inner edge of the Oort cloud appears. The Oort cloud is a spherical distribution of cold, icy bodies lying at the limits of the Sun's gravitational pull. Sedna's presence suggests that this Oort cloud is much closer than scientists believed.

Learn about the Oort Cloud with host Reid Reimers on this episode of SciShow Space! ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com Sources: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=KBOs&Display=OverviewLong http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/23nov_aliencomets/ http://www.universetoday.com/32522/oort-cloud/ http://www.space.com/16401-oort-cloud-the-outer-solar-system-s-icy-shell.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429500/Oort-cloud http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/03/26/oort_cloud_revealed_2012_vp113_has_largest_perihelion_distance_known.html http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/03/new-dwarf-planet-found-sneaking-through-the-inner-oort-cloud/ http://articles.latimes.com/2014/mar/26/news/la-new-oort-cloud-dwarf-planet-20140326 http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/ci-sse032514.php http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/questions/question/1000112/

New Solar system discoveries this week! Rings around the centaur Chariklo, and a new inner oort cloud body. Add them to SpaceEngine by following the link below: http://en.spaceengine.org/forum/22-2166-1 Download and support SpaceEngine: http://en.spaceengine.org P.S. Sorry for mispronouncing Chariklo!

This is a spoken word version of the article: 90377 Sedna Accent: Californian English Sex of the narrator: He edits wiki pages Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-90377_Sedna-article.ogg License: CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported Picture: By Lexicon [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC-BY-SA-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5-2.0-1.0)], via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AEightTNOs.png ----- mp3-podcast under http://spokenwikipedia.blogspot.com

Documentary - PASSPORT TO PLUTO - New Horizons

One of the first projects for the Discovery telescope is to study the Kuiper Belt, a region outside of the planets of the Solar System. Subscribe to Discovery TV for more great space clips: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=DiscoveryTV Follow Discovery on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DiscoveryUK

Mike Brown, The Discoverer of the Tenth Planet Eris, talks about the Kuiper Belt. "This is a video recording of the Sept. 15, 2011, lecture by Caltech astronomer Mike Brown. This public lecture was held at Kahilu Theatre in Waimea, on the Big Island of Hawaii. In this talk he explains not only how Pluto was demoted to a dwarf planet, but his controversial role in "killing" Pluto. He is introduced by Taft Armandroff, director of the W. M. Keck Observatory.": http://www.keckobservatory.org/news/how_i_killed_pluto_why_it_had_it_coming_the_video Mike Brown: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Brown Similar Mike Brown Lecture from 2007: http://dev.forum-network.org/lecture/pluto-and-outer-solar-system NASA 2005 - Tenth Planet Discovered: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/29jul_planetx/ http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/newplanet-072905-images.html Astronomers Discover "10th Planet": http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/3310526.html?page=1&c=y Planets beyond Neptune: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune Hubble Detects Long-Sought Comet Population Beyond Neptune: http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1995/95-88.txt Hubble Spots Icy World Far Beyond Pluto: http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2002/02-190.txt Hubble Finds Smallest Kuiper Belt Object Ever Seen: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/hst_img_kuiper-smallest.html Kuiper Belt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_Belt Can WISE Find the Hypothetical 'Tyche'?: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-060 WISE Finds Few Brown Dwarfs Close to Home: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-164 Dwarf Planets: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet New Planet Found in Our Solar System????: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120511-new-planet-solar-system-kuiper-belt-space-science/ 2006 Gomes' Article Gomes presented to the AAS Conference in 2012 that is being sold as 'New' work: http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~jjm9638/acm2005/YICAR7974.pdf AAS May 2012 Abstract Schedule Listing Gomes' 2006 Paper on page 7: http://dda.harvard.edu/meetings/2012/DDA2012Abstracts.pdf Planet X - No Dynamical Evidence in the Optical Observations, Mentions the 1st Kuiper Belt Object ~ Standish, E. M.: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1993AJ....105.2000S Dec/2011 Dr. Lorenzo Iorio paper stating a Mars-Sized body would have to be at least 150 to 200 AU away, "We analytically work out the long-term variations caused on the motion of a planet orbiting a star by a very distant, pointlike massive object X. Apart from the semi-major axis a, all the other Keplerian osculating orbital elements experience long-term variations which are complicated functions of the orbital configurations of both the planet itself and of X...": http://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.2634v6.pdf Cosmic Obsession Observatory Interviewing Dr. Neil Tyson on Neptune Perturbations: http://www.americanfreedomradio.com/archive/Stranger-Advice-32k-022912.mp3 2012 Paper Defining Spectral Type "Y" Brown Dwarfs Showing Their VISIBLE "H" Magnitudes & Distances: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.2122v1.pdf 2011 Article Describing the Coolest Brown Dwarfs discovered by WISE at 9 to 40 Light Years Away stating they Reflect Light when Light is available: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/pia14720.html Discovered - Stars as Cool as the Human Body: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/23aug_coldeststars/ Star Bright..and The Sub-Brown Dwarfs, "Planets and older brown dwarfs in planetary systems don't shine, but they do Reflect Light from the Central Star: http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/546/star-bright-part-i List of Nearest Dwarf Stars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closest_stars Comet Hale--Bopp: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale-Bopp Planets, Exoplanets & Kuiper Belt; Animation of Nice Theory, Time 17:00: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWE34Ce-aiM

Pluto, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud and how they tie in to the Solar System

A planetary system there could be as many as planetary system discovered a planetary system containing at least some planets in the mass range prompted a fine tuning of the definition Kuiper Belt Objects are suggested that comet-like debris also known as the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt an area of the solar system one of the larger Kuiper belt objects Quaoar direct relationship to the mass smaller than Ceres

90377 Sedna is a trans-Neptunian object and a likely dwarf planet discovered by Michael Brown (Caltech), Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory) and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) on November 14, 2003. It is currently 88 AU from the Sun, about three times as distant as Neptune. For most of its orbit Sedna is farther from the Sun than any other known dwarf planet candidate. Sedna has a highly elliptical orbit, with its aphelion estimated at 975 AU and its perihelion at about 76.16 AU. At its discovery it was approaching perihelion and about 89.6 AU from the Sun. At the time of its discovery it was the most distant object in the solar system yet observed; although the orbits of some objects—like long-period comets—extend farther than that of Sedna, they are basically too dim to be observed except near perihelion. Eris was later detected at 97 AU. Sedna's precise orbital period is not yet known, but it is calculated at between 10.5 and 12.0 thousand years. It should reach perihelion in late 2075 to mid 2076. Sedna will overtake Eris as the farthest known spheroid orbiting the Sun in 2114. When first discovered, Sedna was believed to have an unusually long rotational period (20 to 50 days). A search was thus made for a natural satellite, the most likely cause for such a long rotation, but investigation by the Hubble Space Telescope in March 2004 observed no such object orbiting the planetoid. New measurements from the MMT telescope suggest a much shorter rotation period, only about 10 hours, rather typical for bodies of its size. Discovered by M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz Discovery date November 14, 2003 MPC designation 90377 Sedna Pronunciation /ˈsɛdnə/ SED-nə Alternate name(s) 2003 VB12 Minor planet category Trans-Neptunian object detached object Orbital characteristics Epoch September 26, 1990 (JD 2 448 160.5) Aphelion 1.459 × 1014 m (975.56 AU) Perihelion 1.139 3 × 1013 m (76.156 AU) Semi-major axis 7.866 8×1013 m (525.86 AU) Eccentricity 0.855 Orbital period around 4,404,480 d (12,059.06 a) Average orbital speed 1.04 km/s Mean anomaly 357.457° Inclination 11.934° Longitude of ascending node 144.514° Argument of perihelion 311.123° Physical characteristics Dimensions 1,2001,600 km Mass 8.3 × 10207.0 × 1021 kg, (0.050.42 Eris) Mean density 2.0? g/cm³ Equatorial surface gravity 0.330.50 m/s² Escape velocity 0.620.95 km/s Sidereal rotation period 0.42 d (10 h) 1 Albedo 0.160.30 Temperature below 33 K Spectral type (red) B-V=1.24; V-R=0.78 Apparent magnitude 21.1 20.4 (Perihelic) Absolute magnitude (H) 1.56