Planck Space Telescope

The observed properties of the primordial fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can provide constraints on physical theories in regimes otherwise inaccessible to experiment. Given the extreme conditions in the early universe, the CMB is our best hope of uncovering fingerprints of the physics operating at very high energy scales, inaccessible to Earth-bound particle accelerators. But what created these primordial inhomogeneities? The Planck satellite has recently dramatically sharpened our view of the early universe and provided a window into the origin of cosmic structure. This lecture will describe how the Planck data promote our understanding of the extreme physics of the very early universe, and what we have yet to learn. Hiranya Peiris obtained her undergraduate degree in physics from the University of Cambridge, and her Ph.D. in astrophysics from Princeton University. She is currently a Reader in Cosmology at UCL. Previously, she was a Halliday Fellow at the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge, having been a Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Chicago prior to that. Her main research interests are in cosmology, the study of the basic characteristics of the universe (its contents, history, evolution, and eventual fate), and she spends much of her time studying the properties of the oldest light we can see in the universe to understand why and how the Big Bang occurred. She is also interested in how galaxies form and evolve, and in determining the structure and properties of our Galaxy, the Milky Way. Original lecture date: 14/10/2014

You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/spacetime Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Hook up an old antenna to your TV and scan between channels. The static buzz you hear is mostly due to the ambient radio produced by our noisy pre-galactic civilization. But around one percent of that buzz is something very different – it’s the cosmic microwave background radiation – the remnant of the heat-glow released when the hot, dense early universe became transparent for the first time. It sound likes random static, but that buzz contains an incredible wealth of hidden information. It holds the secrets of the universe’s fiery beginning, Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs Sound Waves from the Beginning of Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPpUxoeooZk Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Luke Maroldi Directing by Andrew Kornhaber It’s not surprising that scientists have spent half a century and built multiple satellites to unlock the mysteries of the cosmic microwave background. We’ve delved into its nature before – from its formation 380,000 years after the Big Bang, to its 1964 discovery by Penzias and Wilson with the Holmdel Horn Antenna, to its increasingly accurate mapping across the sky with ever-better satellites. It all culminated in this – the Planck satellite’s map of the CMB. Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang: Anton Lifshits coolascats David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Justin Lloyd Tim Davis Quasar: James Flowers Mark Rosenthal Tambe Barsbay Vinnie Falco Hypernova: chuck zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Jens Theisen John Hofmann Jordan Young Joseph Salomone kkm Mark Heising Matthew O'Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexey Eromenko Antonio Ruiz Bradley Jenkins Brandon Labonte Buruk Aregawi Carlo Mogavero Daniel Lyons David Behtala David Crane David Schmidt Dustan Jones Geoffrey Short Greg Weiss Jack Frosch James Hughes James Quintero Jinal Doshi JJ Bagnell John Webber Jon Folks Jonah Joseph Emison Josh Thomas Kenneth F Leonard Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nathan Hitchings Nicholas Rose Nick Virtue Ratfeast Richard Broman Scott Gossett Sigurd Ruud Frivik Tim Crookham Tim Stephani Tommy Mogensen سلطان الخليفي

This talk was given by George P. Efstathiou, member of the Planck Science Team, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge, and Director of the Kavli Institute of Cosmology - Cambridge. Prof. Efstathiou presented the latest results from Planck and spent some time discussing, among other things, the discrepancy in the determination of the Hubble constant between CMB experiments, including Planck, and other approaches like the one used by Nobel Laureate Adam Riess, based on the distance ladder, that disagree at the 3.8 sigma with Planck, and how this could be a hint for new physics. The talk was given on 3 December 2018 at ESA/ESAC, the European Space Astronomy Centre near to Madrid, Spain. This talk was given as part of the regular ESAC Science Seminars. ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow ESA on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr ESA is Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions

Everyone has heard of the Big Bang, but have you ever wondered what the Big Bang sounded like? In this talk, we discover how cosmologists measure the sound of the Big Bang, and how we can understand this sound to measure the ingredients of the universe. Sound file from Professor John Cramer (c) John G. Cramer - 2013, http://faculty.washington.edu/jcramer/BBSound_2013.html based on data from the ESA Planck satellite, https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck WMAP data from https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/map/dr5/ Milky Way panorama by Axel Mellinger, http://www.milkywaysky.com/

Operating between 2009 and 2013, ESA’s Planck mission scanned the sky at microwave wavelengths to observe the cosmic microwave background, or CMB, which is the most ancient light emitted in the history of our Universe. Data from Planck have revealed an ‘almost perfect Universe’: the standard model description of a cosmos containing ordinary matter, cold dark matter and dark energy, populated by structures that had been seeded during an early phase of inflationary expansion, is largely correct, but a few details to puzzle over remain. In other words: the best of both worlds. Credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration Learn more: http://bit.ly/ESAplanck ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe

Max Planck, The Theory of Heat Radiation, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1914. (see Section 164) https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40030/40030-pdf.pdf twitter.com/SkyScholarVideo Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe. Sky Scholar will be releasing at least one video per week to make sure you don’t run out of content! Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., is a professor of radiology at The Ohio State University. He also holds an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. This brought on the need to question fundamental aspects of thermal physics, including ideas related to Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission, and more. These presentations are not endorsed by The Ohio State University. Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only. This channel is educational in nature. Astronomy links of interest: Space Weather: http://spaceweathernews.com/ NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov/ NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org/ NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org/ NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/ SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov/ SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ IRIS Satellite: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html Hinode, JAXA/NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/ National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/ 1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/ All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA). Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra: http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille Outro Music: Foria: Break Away https://soundcloud.com/foria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE

Talk at the Ordinary Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society held on 11 April 2014 by Prof. Richard Davis (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester) The Planck satellite has provided exquisite measurements of the cosmic microwave background. In this talk Prof. Davis presents some of the early results, and highlights the role played by Jodrell Bank in the design and construction of the spacecraft.

Want to ask some sort of crazy question about Space?: Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g HAS SPACE ALWAYS BEEN BLACK? As long as we've been around, YES. But the universe gets much more exciting, AND much BRIGHTER, as we start winding our clocks back to the early days of the universe. Near the beginning of the universe, when space was rapidly expanding, that dark night sky we know so well as actually…ORANGE! But why? Did the lights just go out, or did something more spectacular happen? Watch this episode of PBS Space Time and find out! Extra Credit: CMG Scissored Pair https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S85Nticmi3Q ----------------------------------------­­­------------------------------- New SpaceTime episodes every Wednesday! Hosted by Gabe Perez-Giz Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Nov. 12, 2014 Dr. Lloyd Knox (University of California, Davis) Professor Knox leads the U.S. team determining the basic characteristics of the cosmos from the data recently acquired by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite. He shows the detailed images of the sky obtained by Planck, pictures made from light that has been traveling our way for nearly 14 billion years, since the universe was only a few hundred thousand years old. He further explains how such images provide us with our best means of studying events mere fractions of a second after the Big Bang.

Scientists have traced a unique new map of the first light of the universe, and raised profound questions about the Big Bang. The image of the cosmic microwave background they have released was taken by ESA's Planck satellite, and its results could have a significant impact on the field of cosmology. "It turns that most of this image, most of this map, fits beautifully our very simple model. At the same time we find some strange things, and this is where it starts to get interesting, because we… READ MORE : http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/21/planck-maps-the-dawn-of-time euronews knowledge brings you a fresh mix of the world's most interesting know-hows, directly from space and sci-tech experts. Subscribe for your dose of space and sci-tech: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=euronewsknowledge Made by euronews, the most watched news channel in Europe.

Professor Guillaume Patanchon's talk at Strings 2013 held at the Sogang University, June24-29, 2013. Event website: http://strings2013.sogang.ac.kr/ Enjoy!

Af forsker, Ph.D. Carol Anne Oxborrow, DTU Space 15. februar 2013 Universets udvikling ud fra et astrofysisk perspektiv samt udvikling af Planck spejle og rumteknologi på verdensplan. Oplægget omhandler ligeledes Universets tidligste udvikling.

This animation highlights some of the many discoveries made by ESA's Planck space telescope over its 4.5 year observing career, from new discoveries in our home Milky Way Galaxy stretching back to the first few moments after the Big Bang 13.82 billion years ago. Credits: ESA Read more on the ESA website: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck/Celebrating_the_legacy_of_ESA_s_Planck_mission

Dr. Lloyd Knox (University of California, Davis) presents at the APS April Meeting 2013 in Denver on the third-generation Planck satellite aimed at measuring the cosmic microwave background, a relic of the hot big bang. Read the abstract: http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/APR13/Event/193601 This talk was part of Plenary Session I: Kavli Keynote Session: Frontiers of Physics, From the Lab to the Cosmos.

Scientists have traced a unique new map of the first light of the universe, and raised profound questions about the Big Bang. The image of the cosmic microwave background they have released was taken by ESA's Planck satellite, and its results could have a significant impact on the field of cosmology. "It turns that most of this image, most of this map, fits beautifully our very simple model. At the same time we find some strange things, and this is where it starts to get interesting, because we see some signs of things that do not fit," explains ESA's Planck Project Scientist Jan Tauber. "Roughly speaking the things that we are finding that are not as we expect are features that are across the whole sky. When you look only at the large features on this map you find that that our best fitting model, our best theory has a problem fitting the data, there is a lack of signal that we would expect to see," he says. The news that the early universe is not quite as was thought has left the greatest minds in cosmology spinning with excitement. George Efstathiou, Professor of Astrophysics, University of Cambridge, is a key member of the Planck Science Team. "The idea that you can actually experimentally test what happened at the Big Bang still amazes me," he says. The Big Bang theory remains intact of course, but the concept of inflation could be put to test by the Planck data. "We see these strange patterns that are not expected in inflationary theory, the simplest inflationary theories," explains Efstathiou. "So there's a real possibility that we have an incomplete picture. It may be that we have been fooled, that inflation didn't happen. It's perfectly possible that there was some phase of the universe before the Big Bang actually happened where you can track the history of the universe to a pre-Big Bang period." Made by euronews, the most watched news channel in Europe, euronews knowledge gives YouTubers amazing access into the scientists labs and research fields, including Planck's map of the dawn of time! Subscribe to euronews knowledge and receive, twice a week, a shot of space videos on Mondays and sci-tech videos on Wednesdays http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=euronewsknowledge

Acquired by ESA's Planck space telescope, the most detailed map ever created of the cosmic microwave background -- the relic radiation from the Big Bang -- was released today revealing the existence of features that challenge the foundations of our current understanding of the Universe. The animation shows first the full sky in the visible light with the Milky Way, then in the microwaves, featuring all the cold dust from our Galaxy in front of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Finally, the detailed map of the CMB is revealed.

When compared to the best fit of observations to the standard model of cosmology, Planck's high-precision capabilities reveal that the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background at large scales are not as strong as expected. The animation shows a map derived from the difference between the two, which is representative of what the anomalies could look like.

This animation explains how the wealth of information that is contained in the all-sky map of temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) can be condensed into a curve known as the power spectrum. The temperature of the CMB exhibits fluctuations on a variety of angular scales on the sky. The animation shows six different maps that depict the relative 'power', or strength, of the fluctuations at different angular scales. The maps correspond to different regions of the curve, starting at angles of ninety degrees on the left side of the graph, through to the smallest scales -- just a fraction of a degree -- on the right hand side. By studying the peaks in the power spectrum curve, cosmologists can extract information regarding the ingredients of the Universe, such as ordinary matter, dark matter and dark energy, and the overall geometry of the Universe. Credits: ESA and the Planck Collaboration

This animation illustrates the painstaking detective work performed by cosmologists in the Planck Collaboration to extract the cosmic microwave background from 15.5 months of data collected by Planck. The first image in the sequence shows the sources of emission detected on the whole sky at the microwave and submillimetre wavelengths probed by Planck, which range from 11.1 mm to 0.3 mm (corresponding to frequencies between 27 GHz and 1 THz). The different sources include discrete emission from individual galactic and extragalactic sources, and diffuse radio and thermal emission from interstellar material in the Milky Way. The cosmologists had to remove all possible contamination due to emission by foreground sources before they could fully explore the cosmic microwave background, which is unveiled in the final slide of the animation.

Big Bang, Big Data, Big Iron: Planck Satellite Data Analysis at NERSC, Julian Borrill, Berkeley Lab. Presented at NUG 2013, the annual meeting of the NERSC Users Group.

Acquired by ESA's Planck space telescope, the most detailed map ever created of the cosmic microwave background -- the relic radiation from the Big Bang -- was released today, revealing the existence of features that challenge the foundations of our current understanding of the Universe.

Acquired by ESA's Planck space telescope, the most detailed map ever created of the cosmic microwave background -- the relic radiation from the Big Bang -- was released today, revealing the existence of features that challenge the foundations of our current understanding of the Universe.

Animation illustrating how scientists work to extract the oldest light in our universe from maps of the whole sky taken by the Planck mission.

http://www.euronews.com/ Scientists have traced a unique new map of the first light of the universe, and raised profound questions about the Big Bang. The image of the cosmic microwave background they have released was taken by ESA's Planck satellite, and its results could have a significant impact on the field of cosmology. "It turns that most of this image, most of this map, fits beautifully our very simple model. At the same time we find some strange things, and this is where it starts to get interesting, because we see some signs of things that do not fit," explains ESA's Planck Project Scientist Jan Tauber. "Roughly speaking the things that we are finding that are not as we expect are features that are across the whole sky. When you look only at the large features on this map you find that that our best fitting model, our best theory has a problem fitting the data, there is a lack of signal that we would expect to see," he says. The news that the early universe is not quite as was thought has left the greatest minds in cosmology spinning with excitement. George Efstathiou, Professor of Astrophysics, University of Cambridge, is a key member of the Planck Science Team. "The idea that you can actually experimentally test what happened at the Big Bang still amazes me," he says. The Big Bang theory remains intact of course, but the concept of inflation could be put to test by the Planck data. "We see these strange patterns that are not expected in inflationary theory, the simplest inflationary theories," explains Efstathiou. "So there's a real possibility that we have an incomplete picture. It may be that we have been fooled, that inflation didn't happen. It's perfectly possible that there was some phase of the universe before the Big Bang actually happened where you can track the history of the universe to a pre-Big Bang period." The Planck mission could test ideas about how the early universe was formed.The puzzle is that at small scales the data fits the theoretical model very nicely, but at larger scales the signal from the cosmic microwave background is much weaker than expected. Efstathiou is looking for answers: "Can we find a theoretical explanation that links together the different phenomena that we have seen, the different little discrepancies, with inflationary theory? That's where there's the potential for a paradigm shift, because at the moment there's no obvious theoretical explanation that links together these anomalies that we have seen. But if you found a theory that links phenomena that were previously unrelated, then that's a pointer to new physics." It appears that the audacious Planck mission really will shed new light on the dawn of time. Find us on: Youtube http://bit.ly/zr3upY Facebook http://www.facebook.com/euronews.fans Twitter http://twitter.com/euronews

Planck scans the entire sky to build the most accurate map ever of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the relic radiation from the Big Bang. The spacecraft spins at 1 rotation per minute around an axis directed towards the Sun; the field-of-view is offset by ~85° from the spin axis so that the observed sky region traces a large circle on the sky. As the spin axis follows the Sun the circle observed by the instruments sweeps through the sky at a rate of 1° per day.

Our Solar System is part of a Galaxy that contains thousands of millions of stars. Like many others, our Galaxy has the shape of a disk, which is visible all around us. If a spherical full-sky map is projected on a plane, the galactic disk appears as a stripe inclined to the equator (in the picture the galaxy has been reprojected on the centreline of the map). Planck covers a broad range of wavelengths: it maps the entire sky at nine frequency bands ranging from microwave to radio. Scientists cleans the observatory's data carefully, subtracting progressive layers from the map. In this manner, they will be able to isolate and distinguish the tiny temperature variations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and use these data to extract more information about the early phases of the Universe than ever done before. At first glance, the sky at microwave wavelengths (orange oval) is almost uniformly bright all over. Removal of the average CMB signal (corresponding to 2.7 K) reveals the 'cosmic dipole', a diagonal feature caused by the motion of the Sun with respect to the CMB, and a faint horizontal smudge originating from the emission of our Galaxy. After removing the dipole component, a new sky map emerges. This map is composed of at least three components: the emission from our Galaxy (blue and red oval), the emission from other galaxies and clusters of galaxies (red oval), and a map of the temperature variations in the CMB.

The film tells the story of the construction of the Planck satellite, launched on 14 May 2009. The Planck satellite consists of a telescope, two scientific instruments (HFI and LFI: High and Low Frequency Instrument), and a service module. The main technological prowess is Planck scientific instruments whose parts are cooled to 0.1 Kelvin, or about - 273 ° C. For nearly 1000 days, Planck was the coldest object sent into space! More than 290 scientists and dozens of engineers and technicians participated in the development and construction of the satellite, whose goal is to measure with a great precision a radiation present in the universe: the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The film soundtrack has been the object of special care, including the use of music from François Bayle.

Aalto Science Day 20.9.2012, Aalto University, Finland. Scientific project talks: Planck satellite — solving cosmic conundrums - Dr.Tech. Anne Lähteenmäki Videostream by GoodMood Produced by Aalto University Communications 2012

The European Space Agency's Planck Telescope is making the best ever map of cosmic background radiation. This is how it works. More information: http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMMN9CKP6G_index_1.html#subhead1

ESA's Planck mission will be the first European space mission to the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background the relic radiation from the Big Bang - providing the sharpest picture ever of the young Universe and helping to describe its birth and evolution.

Planck is ESA's 'time machine', Europe's first mission to study the relic radiation from the Big Bang. Using it astronomers will be able to see back in time, towards the beginning of space and time as we know it.

Imperial College London's Professor Andrew Jaffe outlines Planck's mission to study relic radiation from the Big Bang. For more information please visit http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_20-4-2009-11-43-0?newsid=63954