Planetesimals

ASIAA Lunch Talk Series, March 2, 2020. Can the building blocks of planets — planetesimals — form in protoplanetary disks that are turbulent? Min-Kai Lin, an Assistant Research Fellow at ASIAA, presents his latest research on this issue, based on his recent papers, "Dust settling against hydrodynamic turbulence in protoplanetary discs" (in MNRAS) and "How efficient is the streaming instability in viscous protoplanetary disks?" (in ApJ). Check it out. Min Kai Lin has his own YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC10aaCIciDvr6gC5StZ0vNg. and Website: https://minkailin.wixsite.com/minkailin.

The constellation of Orion has one shoulder marked by a bright red star called Betelgeuse, but over the last year it's dimmed enough to notice with the naked eye! and mission scientists are shedding some light on how Arrokoth and other Kuiper Belt objects may have formed. Get your first audiobook and 2 Audible originals free when you try Audible for 30 days visit https://www.audible.com/scishowspace or text ‘scishowspace’ to 500 500! Hosted by: Caitlin Hofmeister SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Kevin Bealer, KatieMarie Magnone, D.A. Noe, Charles Southerland, Eric Jensen, Christopher R Boucher, Alex Hackman, Matt Curls, Adam Brainard, Scott Satovsky Jr, Sam Buck, Avi Yashchin, Ron Kakar, Chris Peters, Kevin Carpentier, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Sam Lutfi, charles george, Greg ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/02/new-image-shows-betelgeuse-isnt-dimming-evenly/ https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1764834&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1 https://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/potw1726b/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084808/pdf/pnas01902-0013.pdf https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/02/details-pour-in-from-new-horizons-visit-to-a-kuiper-belt-object/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/far-far-away-in-the-sky-new-horizons-kuiper-belt-flyby-object-officially-named-arrokoth https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/02/12/science.aay6620 Images: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2003b/ https://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/potw1726b/ https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2003c/ https://www.eso.org/public/videos/esocast74a/ https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2003c/ https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0927d/ https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2003d/ https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4246 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MU69_simulated_3D.gif https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif https://www.nasa.gov/feature/far-far-away-in-the-sky-new-horizons-kuiper-belt-flyby-object-officially-named-arrokoth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-team-uncovers-a-critical-piece-of-the-planetary-formation-puzzle https://nasaviz.gsfc.nasa.gov/12278 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10661 Thumbnail: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orion_constellation_Hevelius.jpg

Data from NASA's New Horizons mission are providing new insights into how planets and planetesimals – the building blocks of the planets – were formed. bit.ly/nh-31QK0pC The New Horizons spacecraft flew past the ancient Kuiper Belt object Arrokoth (2014 MU69) on Jan. 1, 2019, providing humankind's first close-up look at one of the icy remnants of solar system formation in the vast region beyond the orbit of Neptune. Using detailed data on the object's shape, geology, color and composition – gathered during a record-setting flyby that occurred more than four billion miles from Earth – researchers have apparently answered a longstanding question about planetesimal origins, and therefore made a major advance in understanding how the planets themselves formed.

In a fitting tribute to the farthest flyby ever conducted by spacecraft, the Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 has been officially named Arrokoth, a Native American term meaning “sky” in the Powhatan/Algonquian language. With consent from Powhatan Tribal elders and representatives, NASA’s New Horizons team – whose spacecraft performed the record-breaking reconnaissance of Arrokoth four billion miles from Earth – proposed the name to the International Astronomical Union and Minor Planets Center, the international authority for naming Kuiper Belt objects. The name was announced at a ceremony at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. Learn more here: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/far-far-away-in-the-sky-new-horizons-kuiper-belt-flyby-object-officially-named-arrokoth

Oct. 19, 2019 Dr. Jeff Moore (NASA Ames Research Ctr) After encountering Pluto, the New Horizons spacecraft, for the first time flew by a member of the Kuiper Belt of icy objects beyond Neptune. This particular object, informally named “Ultimate Thule” (meaning the farthest place beyond the known world,) turned out to be a “contact binary” – two smaller icy worlds stuck together. Dr. Moore shares an insider’s view (with great images) of how the mission got there and what we learned at Ultima Thule.

Carey Lisse speaking at AHSP 2019 on New Horizons at Pluto and MU69/Ultima Thule

Scientists are unlocking clues about the earliest formation of our solar system from a Kuiper Belt Object known as 2014 MU69. NASA Science: http://science.nasa.gov/

The New Horizons team published their first science results from the Ultima Thule flyby along with their close up images of Ultima Thule at full resolution. In this video, we'll do a deep dive into the structure of Ultima Thule and understand how it likely formed. 🔔 Subscribe for more: https://www.youtube.com/christianready?sub_confirmation=1 🖖 Share this video with a fellow space traveler: https://youtu.be/0mX6jAZItm4 🔴 Watch my most recent upload: https://goo.gl/QbRcE2 🚀 Help me improve the channel by joining the community on Patreon https://patreon.com/launchpadastro 🚀 Check out Launch Pad merchandise! https://teespring.com/stores/launchpadastro Disclaimer: Some of these links go to one of my websites and some are affiliate links where I'll earn a small commission if you make a purchase at no additional cost to you. 🐟 From out of town? Help translate this video! - http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?ref=share&v=0mX6jAZItm4 🧭 References: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6441/eaaw9771 ✅ Let's connect: For business inquiries - chris AT christianready DOT com Twitter - @launchpadastro Instagram - @launchpadastro Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/LaunchPadAstronomy/ Discord - https://discord.gg/yChAuUe 📭 c/o Christian Ready P.O. Box 66 Westminster, MD 21158 United States Earth

This video is all about planetesimals, the ancestors of today's planets. Let's dive in and try to understand the rocks that made all of the planets and moons we see today! SUBSCRIBE ► https://goo.gl/PLLFPz Website ► www.cosmoknowledge.com Facebook ► https://facebook.com/cosmoknowledgee Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/itscosmoknowledge Graphics: Space Engine NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Music: S.I. Publishing (SOCAN)

Ultima Thule or (486958) 2014 MU69 which is it's real name was recently in 2018 photographed during a New Horizons fly by. In this video i take a look at what would it be like to stand on this object. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Dreksler_Astral Intro,outro and other clips in the video were made with Space Engine. Music: Kevin MacLeod - Martian Cowboy https://incompetech.com/

The first close-up image of Ultima Thule was released today and we got to see it live and in person! We spoke with New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern about it afterward and marveled at a beautiful three dimension al model of Ultima Thule. More to come tomorrow. Much more!!! 🔔 Subscribe for more: https://www.youtube.com/christianready?sub_confirmation=1 Share this video with a fellow space traveler: https://youtu.be/stX1XnXS3m4 🔴 Watch my most recent upload: https://youtu.be/1nVOnX2eABw 🚀 Help me improve the channel by joining the community on Patreon - https://patreon.com/launchpadastro 🚀 Check out Launch Pad merchandise! https://teespring.com/stores/launchpadastro Disclaimer: Some of these links go to one of my websites and some are affiliate links where I'll earn a small commission if you make a purchase at no additional cost to you. ✅ Let's connect: For business inquiries - chris AT christianready DOT com Twitter - @launchpadastro Instagram - @launchpadastro Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/LaunchPadAstronomy/ Discord - https://discord.gg/yChAuUe c/o Christian Ready P.O. Box 66 Westminster, MD 21158 United States Earth

Tracking the progress of the NASA probe New Horizons flyby of the Kuiper Belt object Ultima Thule which sent back some of the first pictures of the furthest object in our solar system we have visited Ultima Thule. NASA New Horizon's Photos of Ultima Thule Featuring Emily Lakdawalla: https://youtu.be/N1zmACYj56s Ben's channel: http://www.youtube.com/c/whereisroadster/ Ben's site: http://www.whereisroadster.com/ Website: https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/ You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow Follow us on Twitter! https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon Follow us on Instagram! https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/

Written by Anna Waldman-Brown Performed by: Masha Sten-Clanton - Sol Kris Kim - Ran Ari Smith - Sagi Filmed by Julie Richardson

Title: Forming planetesimals from gravitational collapse Speaker: Phil Armitage (U. of Colorado) Date: 2017-09-25

This simulation shows the effect of Jupiter and Saturn's migration (sequantial -- one planet migrating at a time) on the distribution of planetesimals in the disk. Objects from throughout the outer Solar System are implanted into the asteroid belt, and some are scattered onto orbits that cross the terrestrial planets (and delivered Earth's water). To be compared with this movie, in which Jup and Sat don't migrate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji5ZC7CP5to And this movie of a simulation in which Jupiter and Saturn migrate simultaneously: https://youtu.be/iyPVOo8gTOQ From Raymond & Izidoro (2017, Icarus, download here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01234)

The riddle of planet formation is a key question in solar system studies. Models of the disk formation process show that there are regions where the disk can be turbulent, and regions where it is dynamically quiet. The quiet zones are called 'Dead Zones'. The implication that Dead Zones are widespread in planet forming protoplanetary disks has sparked renewed interest in assessing the dynamical state of these Dead Zone objects. In this talk Dr. Umurhan will review the basic problems relating to the dynamical activity of cold protoplanetary disks, which will include a review of various recently identified turbulence generating mechanisms and how they bear upon the assembly of planetesimals and the formation of our Earth, our solar system and countless other disk systems across the universe.

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Differentiated Planetesimals and the Parent Bodies of Meteorites Ben Weiss November 21, 2013 Meteorites are samples of dozens of small planetary bodies that formed in the early solar system. They exhibit great petrologic diversity, ranging from primordial accretional aggregates to once fully molten magmas. It has long been thought that no single parent body could be the source of more than one of these three meteorite lithologies. Our magnetic measurements of meteorites, combined with a diversity of other observations, suggest that some chondrites could in fact be samples of the outer, unmelted crusts of otherwise differentiated planetesimals with silicate mantles and metallic cores. This may have major implications for the origin of meteorite groups, the rates and onset times of accretion, mass and momentum transfer in the protoplanetary disk, and the interior structures and histories of asteroids.

CfA Colloquium From Planetesimals to Giant Planets: Chemical and Dynamical Probes of Planet Formation Joan Najita October 17, 2013 Work with the Spitzer Space Telescope revealed that emission from water and organic molecules is commonly present in the mid-infrared spectra of disks surrounding young stars. I will describe how these features might be used to help lift the veil on a very early stage of planet formation, the formation of planetesimals, those theoretically fundamental but observationally elusive building blocks of planets in core accretion theory. I will also describe some results from high resolution spectroscopy that suggest that forming high-mass giant planets may reveal themselves through non-axisymmetric signatures of their presence, e.g., circumplanetary disks and eccentric inner rims.

The artist conception shows a newly formed star surrounded by a swirling protoplanetary disk of dust and gas. Debris coalesces to create rocky 'planetesimals' that collide and grow to eventually form planets. The results of this study show that small planets form around stars with a wide range of heavy element content suggesting that their existence might be widespread in the galaxy. Credit: University of Copenhagen/Lars Buchhave

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ The collapse of the solar nebula creates a young star with a surrounding disk of gas and dust. Condensation takes us from molecules and groups of molecules to dust grains about a millimeter or so across. These grains are rocky in the inner solar system and primarily icy in the outer solar system. Most of the solar nebula at this point is gas. Ninety-eight percent of the composition is hydrogen and helium, the same as the composition of the Sun, so only about 2 percent of the material is in the form of heavy elements that can form dust grains. But there's an important piece of the story missing because even the largest dust grain is trillions of times smaller than the smallest planet.