SPACE TELESCOPES

In this week's questions show, Fraser is excited to see the southern hemisphere night sky, considers how the next generation of telescopes will change our understanding of the Big Bang, and suggests what you should look at with a new telescope. Subscribe to Fraser's weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

ESA's XMM-Newton has spotted surprising changes in the powerful streams of gas from two massive stars in the binary star system HD 5980. One of the two stars had a major outburst reminiscent of the 19th-century eruption of Eta Carinae, and astronomers expected that its X-ray emission would fade gently over the years. Instead, they found the pair was two and a half times brighter than a decade earlier, and its X-ray emission was even more energetic, suggesting that colliding stellar winds don’t behave as expected. Full story: Stellar winds behaving unexpectedly - http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Stellar_winds_behaving_unexpectedly Music: David Hilowitz – CC BY-NC 4.0

NASA scientists revealed a new image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope showing one of the oldest galaxies ever discovered in unprecedented detail.

Webb in Three Acts: The Telescope, The Science, The Legacy Klaus Pontoppidan, Bonnie Meinke, and Alexandra Lockwood, Space Telescope Science Institute NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is expected to launch in spring 2019 and will be the premier infrared space observatory of the next decade. It promises to observe everything from planets in our solar system to galaxies over 13 billion light years away. With the Science and Operations Center of this Great Observatory right here at the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore will continue and grow as a hub for exciting scientific discovery and innovation. Come find out about what we’re doing, how we’re doing it, and who is doing it in this overview of the Webb Mission. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on January 16, 2018 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, MD USA For more information: http://hubblesite.org/about_us/public_talks/

This video provides a look back over the 10 best images Hubble released in 2017. In total ESA/Hubble released 181 images, graphs and illustrations, as well as 55 videos, supporting press releases and announcements on www.spacetelescope.org, in 2017. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast105a/ Subscribe to Hubblecast in iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/hubblecast-hd/id258935617 Receive future episodes on YouTube by pressing the Subscribe button above or follow us on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/hubbleesa Watch more Hubblecavideo.web_category.allst episodes: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/archive/category/hubblecast/ Credit: Directed by: Mathias Jäger Visual design and editing: Nico Bartmann Written by: Nicole Shearer, Mathias Jäger Footage: ESA/Hubble/JWST, NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team, ESA Music: Tim Turusov (www.turusov.com) & Johan B. Monell (www.johanmonell.com) Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen

This visualisation explores the Orion Nebula as seen in infrared-light observations from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope. This video is designed to be compared and contrasted against the companion movie using visible light observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. As the camera flies into the star-forming region, it reveals a glowing gaseous landscape that has been illuminated and carved by the high-energy radiation and strong stellar winds from the massive hot stars in the central cluster. The infrared observations generally show cool temperature gas at a deep layer that shows the full bowl shape of the nebula. In addition, the infrared showcases many faint stars that shine primarily at longer wavelengths. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast106c/ Credit: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, G. Bacon, Z. Levay, J. DePasquale, L. Hustak, M. Robberto and M. Gennaro (STScI), and R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC)

This visualisation explores the Orion Nebula as seen in visible light observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This video is designed to be compared and contrasted against the companion movie using infrared light observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope. As the camera flies into the star-forming region, it reveals a glowing gaseous landscape that has been illuminated and carved by the high-energy radiation and strong stellar winds from the massive hot stars in the central cluster. The high resolution observations show fine details including the wispy bow shocks and tadpole-shaped proplyds. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast106b/ Credit: NASA, ESA, and F. Summers, G. Bacon, Z. Levay, J. DePasquale, L. Hustak, L. Frattare, M. Robberto (STScI), R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC) Acknowledgement: R. Gendler

Astronomers and visualisation specialists have combined visible observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope with the infrared vision of NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope to create an unprecedented, three-dimensional, fly-through of the picturesque Orion Nebula, a nearby star-forming region. The three-dimensional video takes the viewer on a breathtaking flight. It follows contours of colourful dust and gas — past newborn stars, glowing clouds heated by intense radiation, and tadpole-shaped gaseous envelopes surrounding protoplanetary disks. Hubble sees objects that glow in visible light, which are typically hotter than the objects that Spitzer is sensitive to. Spitzer’s infrared vision pierces through obscuring dust to see stars embedded deep in the nebula, as well as fainter and less massive stars, which are brighter in infrared light than in visible. The new visualisation demonstrates how two telescopes can work together to provide a more complex and complete picture of an astronomical object. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast106e/ Credit: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, G. Bacon, Z. Levay, J. DePasquale, L. Frattare, M. Robberto (STScI), R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC), A. Fujii, and M. Kornmesser (ESA/Hubble) Acknowledgement: R. Gendler

Members of the media were invited to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston on Jan. 10, to hear about the results of recent cryogenic vacuum tests on the James Webb Space Telescope, and the next steps on the observatory’s path to space. Webb was tested as a complete optical system in Chamber A at Johnson, which mimics the space environment the telescope will experience during its mission. Built in 1965 to conduct thermal-vacuum testing on the Apollo command and service modules, Chamber A is the largest structure of its kind in the world and is a listed National Historic Landmark. The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier infrared space observatory of the next decade. Webb will help to solve mysteries of our solar system, look to distant worlds orbiting other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, the ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency. This video is available for download from NASA's Image and Video Library: https://images.nasa.gov/details-NHQ_2018_0110_%20NASA%20Discusses%20Recent%20Testing%20of%20the%20James%20Webb%20Space%20Telescope.html

The Spektr-UV, also known as World Space Observatory-Ultraviolet (WSO-UV), is a proposed space telescope intended for work in the 110 nm to 320 nm wavelength range. Launch date estimate is 2021. This international project is led by Russia (Roskosmos). At present the international cooperation includes three basic participants: Russia ( will provide the telescope, spacecraft, launch facilities, ground segment); Spain (ISSIS, ground segment); Germany (spectrographs). Ukraine and Kazakhstan also participate the project.

A new project using data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes allows people to navigate through real data of the remains of an exploded star for the first time. This three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) project with augmented reality (AR) allows users to explore inside the debris from actual observations of the supernova remnant called Cassiopeia A. Cassiopeia A (Cas A, for short) is the debris field of a massive star that blew itself apart over 340 years ago. The new 3D VR/AR project of Cas A is a collaboration between the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass., and Brown University's Center for Computation and Visualization in Providence, RI, and will provide new opportunities for public communications, informal education, and research. "The stars are much too far away to touch, but this project will let experts and non-experts — at least virtually — walk among one of the most famous supernova remnants in our sky," said Kimberly Arcand, Visualization Lead at the Chandra X-ray Center. VR is computer technology that simulates a user's physical presence in a virtual environment. AR adds elements, such as text, overlays and audio, to enhance that experience with sensory input. Chandra has repeatedly observed Cas A since the telescope was launched into space in 1999. Each exposure has added new and important data to the growing bank of information that astronomers use to study this object. This deep reservoir of data has allowed astronomers and visualization specialists to take the Cas A far beyond the two-dimensional imagery that exists for most astronomical objects. In 2009, a team of scientists, including astrophysicist Tracy Delaney (then of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and visualization experts used data from Chandra, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, and ground-based optical facilities to generate a three-dimensional (3D) digital model of Cas A, the first ever of a supernova remnant. In 2013, a team of data specialists translated that into the first 3D print of a supernova remnant. "As technology has advanced in the VR and AR realms in recent years, we realized that we could go further with the 3D Cas A model," said Arcand. "Instead of us telling people where to look in Cas A, this project lets them decide for themselves." "The visualization of the Cas A supernova remnant took years to put together, and it deserves a magnificent way to experience it," said Tom Sgouros of Brown's Virtual Reality Lab. "Short of creating a building-size replica of the data, we think virtual reality is the best way to do that." The 3D visualization and VR/AR may also pay scientific dividends as well. It shows that there are two main components to this supernova remnant: a spherical component in the outer parts of the remnant and a flattened (disk-like) component in the inner region. The insight into the structure of Cas A gained from the 3D visualization is important for astronomers who build models of supernova explosions. The VR project is being made available in an open access format suitable for VR caves or "Yurts," as well as on the Oculus Rift platform. Please contact Kimberly Kowal Arcand (kkowal "at" cfa.harvard.edu) for more information on accessing those files. The project coordinators plan for a Google Cardboard version in future iterations. Additional data-driven 3D astronomical objects are also in the works for the Chandra VR/AR experience. More information on Cas A in VR is available at http://chandra.si.edu/vr. For access to non-VR versions, the Smithsonian Learning Lab has created an interactive 3D application for the 3D Cas A with related resources and activities. Visit http://s.si.edu/cas-a

Spektr-RG is an upcoming international high-energy astrophysics observatory, which is being built under the leadership of the Russian Space Research Institute (IKI). Spektr-RG instrumentation includes 5 telescopes spanning the energy range from the far ultraviolet to the hard X-ray. Subscribe for more Space wonders on ΥουΤυbe: https://tinyurl.com/SpaceTelescopesYouTube

“Millimetron” observatory (“Spektr-M”) is a 10-meter space telescope designed to study various objects in the Universe at millimeter and infrared wavelengths from 0.02 to 17 mm. The observatory has two operational modes – the single-dish and Space-Earth interferometer modes. In the first mode observations are carried out with maximum sensitivity, which can be achieved using the on-board detectors of radiation from space objects. The second mode is aimed to solve scientific problems that require ultra-high resolution, up to tens of billionths of a second of arc. High sensitivity is achieved by deep cooling of the telescope mirror system and on-board scientific payload. While, high angular resolution is provided by the orbit configuration. The observatory is located near the Lagrange point L2, located at 1.5 million kilometers from Earth in the anti-solar direction.

On December 6, 2017, the House Subcommittee on Space held a hearing titled, "NASA’s Next Four Large Telescopes." Invited witnesses were: Dr. Thomas Zurbuchen Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Ms. Cristina Chaplain Director, Acquisition and Sourcing Management, Government Accountability Office Mr. A. Thomas Young Former Director, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, and former president and chief operating officer, Martin Marietta Corporation Dr. Matt Mountain President, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Dr. Chris McKee Professor Emeritus of Astronomy, Physics, University of California, Berkeley, on behalf of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine The event was webcast live and is in the public domain. The event's web page is: https://science.house.gov/legislation/hearings/subcommittee-space-hearing-nasa-s-next-four-large-telescopes We're on Twitter at @WordsmithFL.

Spektr-R (or RadioAstron) is a Russian scientific satellite with a 10m radio telescope on board. It was launched on 18 July 2011, by Zenit-3F launcher, from Baikonur Cosmodrome to perform research on the structure and dynamics of radio sources within and beyond our galaxy. Together with some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes, this telescope forms interferometric baselines extending up to 350 000 km Subscribe for more Space wonders on ΥουΤυbe: https://tinyurl.com/SpaceTelescopesYouTube

The starshade (also known as an external occulter) is a spacecraft that will enable telescopes in space to take pictures of planets orbiting faraway stars. The starshade is designed to fly in front of a telescope and block the immense glare from a star’s light before it enters the telescope, allowing the planet’s reflected light to pass through and be collected. Models predict the starshade can achieve the required 10-10 contrast levels required to detect Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of their stars. To successfully achieve starlight blocking, the starshade must unfurl and expand in space to almost the size of a baseball diamond (34 m diameter). The starshade’s razor-sharp petals redirect the effects of diffraction—the bending of starlight around the petal edges producing unwanted glare—and create a dark shadow for the trailing telescope to fly in. The starshade and telescope are separated by as much as 50,000 km—almost four Earth diameters.

Many people familiar with space exploration know about the Hubble Space Telescope. The Hubble has enabled us to peer into neighboring solar systems, while also helping us map out our universe. With the creation of the James Webb Space Telescope, it looks like the Hubble won’t be alone in pursuing that task. Watch to learn more. Follow Me: https://twitter.com/CatechismYT Feel Free to Donate: https://www.patreon.com/Catechism If you enjoyed the video please hit that like button. Also, remember to subscribe for more videos just like this one. Sources: https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/04/05/how-much-gold-is-in-the-james-webb-space-telescope/#775a350969e5 https://jwst.nasa.gov/public.html Background Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifboMY8ezgA Images: https://nai.nasa.gov/articles/2016/6/30/where-is-the-habitable-zone-for-m-dwarf-stars/ https://jscfeatures.jsc.nasa.gov/pages.ashx/643/James%20Webb%20Space%20Telescope%20primary%20mirror%20prepared%20for%20testing https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Webb_Space_Telescope_(14742910940).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO-Infrared_Halo_Frames_Newborn_Star-phot-26a-03-normal.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SDSS_spectrograph_cartridge.JPG https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/482511main_jwst_lg.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schematic_diagram_of_the_history_of_the_Universe.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/103885main_image_feature_241_jwmodel.jpg https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/spitzer/20140129/spitzer20140129-full.jpg https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/system/news_items/main_images/194_485059main_GJ581g_FNLa_full.jpg https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/system/news_items/main_images/123_ssc2009-09b_Sm.jpg https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/system/news_items/main_images/191_astrobio_award.jpg https://jscfeatures.jsc.nasa.gov/Images/jwst_20170515_1.jpg https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/system/news_items/main_images/207_EarthlikeExoplanets_0722sm.jpg

Several mission concepts are being studied to directly image planets around nearby stars. The search for another Earth-like planet (exo-Earth) and extraterrestrial life is one of the most fundamental, grand, and noble pursuits not just in astronomy, but in all of science. The discovery of a true exo-Earth is likely to be hailed as a major milestone of our civilization, on par with the landings on the Moon and humanity’s first steps in space. In the 2020s, the WFIRST-AFTA, or one of Exo-C or Exo-S may directly image a few potentially habitable worlds. Ultimately, a large space based coronagraphic telescope like LUVOIR or HabEx will have the ability to search hundreds of stars for potentially habitable worlds and take spectra with enough resolution to detect biomarkers like oxygen and water. Exo-C will be a space telescope designed to directly image and spectrally characterize exoplanets and circumstellar disks at optical wavelengths. The mission employs an internal coronagraph with precision wavefront control to study nearby, known exoplanets detected by ground-based radial velocity and new discoveries of exoplanets down to super-Earth size. It will resolve structures and measure dust properties in a large sample of exo-Kuiper belts and a smaller sample of habitable zones. It has the potential to detect Earth-twins if they are present around a few of the nearest stars, if the exozodi is low and if exceptional telescope stability is achieved. Exo-S is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. With its modest size, Exo-S bridges the gap between census missions like Kepler and a future spacebased flagship direct imaging exoplanet mission Subscribe for more Space wonders on ΥουΤυbe: https://tinyurl.com/SpaceTelescopesYouTube

About 1 million miles away from the nearest eye surgeon, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope will be able to perfect its own vision while in orbit. Though the Webb telescope will focus on stars and galaxies approximately 13.5 billion light-years away, its sight goes through a similar process as you would if you underwent laser vision correction surgery to be able to focus on an object 10 feet across the room. In orbit at Earth’s second Lagrange point (L2), far from the help of a terrestrial doctor, Webb will use its near-infrared camera (NIRCam) instrument to help align its primary mirror segments about 40 days after launch, once they have unfolded from their unaligned stowed position and cooled to their operating temperatures. Laser vision correction surgery reshapes the cornea of the eye to remove imperfections that cause vision problems like nearsightedness. The cornea is the surface of the eye; it helps focus rays of light on the retina at the back of the eye, and though it appears to be uniform and smooth, it can be misshapen and pockmarked with dents, dimples, and other imperfections that can affect a person’s sight. The relative positioning of Webb’s primary mirror segments after launch will be the equivalent of these corneal imperfections, and engineers on Earth will need to make corrections to the mirrors’ positions to bring them into alignment, ensuring they will produce sharp, focused images. Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/james-webb-space-telescope-s-laser-focused-sight Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center: Eric Villard (InuTec, LLC): Writer Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Producer Michael P. Menzel (AIMM): Producer Michael P. Menzel (AIMM): Video Editor This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12753 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Or subscribe to NASA’s Goddard Shorts HD Podcast: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/iTunes/f0004_index.html Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter https://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/ · Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard/ · Google+ https://plus.google.com/+NASAGoddard/posts

Dr. Stefanie Milam, the JWST Deputy Project Scientist for Planetary Science at NASA, presents on the James Webb Space Telescope. Dr. Milam's Bio: https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/stefanie.n.milam JWST Links: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. How was that mission chosen over all the others? NASA has begun four concept studies of exciting major space observatories that could launch sometime in the coming couple decades. Who will determine what astronomy science goals will be the highest priorities for the 2020s? How is this done and how are the missions chosen to achieve those goals? Please join our regular hosts, Tony Darnell, Alberto Conti, and Harley Thronson, as they discuss with Drs. John O’Meara (Saint Michael’s College) and Joel Parriott and Ashlee Wilkins (both at the American Astronomical Society) which among many alternatives the most exciting science and most capable space astronomy missions are identified and, eventually, chosen.

It has been only forty years since humanity has known the existence of the strange and dynamic x-ray universe, an invisible universe of million degree gas, immense jets of radiation, exploding stars and distant quasars. Join Nichelle Nichols, Star Trek's Lt. Uhura, as she guides you on the decades long odyssey to reveal this wondrous universe with NASA's largest X-ray telescope. Credit: NASA Follow Us: Facebook: https://goo.gl/QapZAe Twitter: https://goo.gl/RoQSmJ

Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! Looks like the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope will be delayed for 5-8 months. As sad as that makes me, I'm ok with it if it means a successful launch and mission. There's also news from LIGO and Virgo as it detects another black hole merger. The Parker Solar Probe will also launch next year and there's an update on the amazing new heat shield that will protect the spacecraft from the Sun. Finally, the European Space Agency's Rosetta Spacecraft to the comet 67p sends back a surprise image. Here are the links to this week's stories: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope-to-be-launched-spring-2019 https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20170927 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/parker-solar-probe-gets-its-revolutionary-heat-shield http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/59618-unexpected-surprise-a-final-image-from-rosetta/ Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/ Follow DeepAstronomy on Google+ http://google.com/+DeepAstronomy http://google.com/+TonyDarnell We also have a great Google+ Community, come share your thoughts and join the discussion! https://plus.google.com/communities/109849939648748938781t

This visualization traverses the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field to showcase the varied appearances of galaxies and their three-dimensional distribution. The sequence features a dense cluster of galaxies about 6 billion light-years away and extends to galaxies at more than twice that distance. Because the light from these galaxies has travelled for billions of years across space, the images show the galaxies as they appeared billions of years ago. In addition, the expansion of space has redshifted the light of these galaxies toward longer wavelengths (i.e., to the red end of the visible-light region and into the infrared-light region). The changes seen in galaxies during the fly-through illustrate the changes in galaxy structure and appearance over billions of years of cosmic history. CANDELS is an acronym for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey project. One of the largest projects ever done with the Hubble Space Telescope, CANDELS surveyed five fields to study the development of galaxies over time. The CANDELS observations of the UDS field complement ground-based observations from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Astronomers and visual artists extracted over 26,000 galaxies from the Hubble UDS images and created a computer model based on the measured and estimated properties. Note that the distances used in the visualization are significantly compressed for cinematic purposes. Credits: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, J. DePasquale, G. Bacon, and Z. Levay (STScI) Acknowledgement: H. Ferguson, A. Koekemoer, and the CANDELS Team Music: "Rotisserie Graveyard" by Doctor Turtle CC BY 4.0 Download movie files at: http://hubblesite.org/video/984/science

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope observed the farthest-discovered active inbound comet, Comet K2. K2 came from the distant Oort Cloud and is visiting our inner solar system for the first (and only) time. Since we're seeing it so far away, past the orbit of Saturn, K2 is still in its early phase of activity, likely making it the most primitive comet anyone has ever seen. Read the web story https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-observes-the-farthest-active-inbound-comet-yet-seen/ This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12724 Read the science paper here: https://media.stsci.edu/preview/file/science_paper/file_attachment/262/Jewitt_Comet_K2_paper_9-26-17.pdf Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson Music credit: "Space Cake" by Donn Wilerson [BMI] and Lance Sumner [BMI]; Killer Tracks BMI; Killer Tracks Production Music. Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter https://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/ · Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard/ · Google+ https://plus.google.com/+NASAGoddard/

Engineers at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston used light waves to align the James Webb Space Telescope’s mirror segments to each other, so they act like a single, monolithic mirror in the cryogenic cold of the center’s iconic Chamber A. Part of the Webb telescope’s ongoing cryogenic testing in Chamber A at Johnson includes aligning, or “phasing,” the telescope’s 18 hexagonally shaped primary mirror segments so they function as a single 6.5-meter mirror. All of these segments must have the correct position and correct curvature; otherwise, the telescope will not be able to accurately focus on its celestial targets. To measure the shape of the Webb telescope’s primary mirror, engineers use a test device called an interferometer, which shines a laser down onto the mirror. Because the mirror is segmented, it requires a specially designed interferometer, known as a multi-wavelength interferometer, which allows the engineers to use two light waves at once, explained Lee Feinberg, optical telescope element manager for the Webb telescope at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The interferometer splits the laser light into two separate waves. One of these waves goes through a lens and reflects off the primary mirror; the other wave acts as a reference. The reflected wave interferes with (meets) the reference wave, and engineers analyze the combined wave that results from that interference. “By analyzing the interference signal, engineers determine the mirror shape and the alignment of the mirrors,” explained Feinberg. When the engineers need to adjust the positions and shapes of the mirror segments to achieve precise alignment, they use the seven actuators (tiny mechanical motors) attached to the back of each one of the mirror segments. For each segment, six of these actuators are placed into groups of two, at three equally spaced points along the outside of the mirror (to adjust the segment’s position), and one is attached to six struts that are connected to each of the hexagonal mirror segment’s corners (to adjust the segment’s shape). More James Webb Space Telescope videos at http://www.spacetv.net/james-webb-space-telescope/ Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

In this week’s question show, Fraser explains why James Webb can’t be repaired if anything goes wrong, why we even need space telescopes in the first place, and his favorite methods of zipping around the Solar System. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEIt... Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

As astronomers discover more planets outside the Solar System, they are examining what conditions can foster or stifle the habitability of planets. A new study suggests that X-rays emitted by a planet's host star may provide critical clues to just how hospitable a star system could be. A team of researchers used data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton to look at the X-ray brightness of 24 stars with masses similar to the Sun that were at least a billion years old. Since stellar X-rays mirror magnetic activity, X-ray observations can tell astronomers about the high-energy environment around the star. In the new study the X-ray data from Chandra and XMM-Newton revealed that stars like the Sun and their less massive cousins calm down surprisingly quickly after a turbulent youth. This is good news for the future habitability of planets orbiting Sun-like stars, because the amount of harmful X-rays and ultraviolet radiation from stellar flares striking planets in orbit around them would be less than scientists used to think. Astronomers will continue to look at many factors that they think play into the habitability of planets around the thousands of exoplanets that have been discovered. Studies like these show that X-rays can play a critical role in the ultimate question of where life might exist elsewhere in the Universe.

Scientists are using X-rays to determine the hospitability of stars for life on exoplanets. Data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton were used to study 24 stars like our Sun that were at least one billion years old. They found these older stars had lower levels of X-rays — and hence magnetic activity — than other types of stars. This relatively calm is good news for life trying to form on planets around these stars. Astronomers will continue to look at different properties, including X-rays, to assess the best place to look for life outside our Solar System.

IC 10 is a galaxy about 2.2 million light years from Earth undergoing a period of intense star formation. Observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory reveal over 100 sources that glow in X-rays. Of these, about a dozen are systems where a black hole or neutron star is in orbit with a young, massive companion star. These systems, called X-ray binaries, are interesting because some of them could become sources of gravitational waves in the future. Astronomers using Chandra and other telescopes will continue to study X-ray binaries to better understand how they behave.

The Hubble space telescope was at the time meant to be the finest telescope ever made with the smoothest most perfect mirror on earth. So how did the $1.5 Billion project end up with a flawed mirror that had a grinding error 10x greater than the required tolerance and so bad that it could not be focused once in space. Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/curiousdroid Paypal.me : https://www.paypal.me/curiousdroid This episodes shirt was the Penny Dot Lane Retro Mod Polka Dot by Madcap England and is available at AtomRetro.com with worldwide shipping from the UK. http://www.atomretro.com/madcap_england The official NASA report into the failure of the Hubble mirror: https://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mlampton/AllenReportHST.pdf Presented by Paul Shillito Written & Researched by Andy Munzer Additional Material By Paul Shillito Images and footage NASA & ESA Music by Paul Shillito

::More about this Video:: ► Teachey & Kipping (2017), "HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I": https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08563 ► Alex's SciAm blog article: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/are-astronomers-on-the-verge-of-finding-an-exomoon/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciam%2Fspace+%28Topic%3A+Space%29 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

This video zooms in from a view of the night sky, through the constellation of Horologium, to end on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observations of the interacting galaxies NGC 1512 and NGC 1510. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1712a/ Credit: ESA/Hubble, Digitized Sky Survey, Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org)

This video pans over NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observations of the interacting galaxies NGC 1512 and NGC 1510, about 30 million light-years from Earth. Despite the difference in size, each galaxy gravitationally affects the other. The ring of starburst and the bar in the centre of the large spiral galaxy NGC 1512 are both in part created by the gravity of the much smaller NGC 1510. The gas and dust in the smaller galaxy have been swirled up by NGC 1512. This kick-started star formation that is even more intense than in the large spiral galaxy. This causes the galaxy to glow with the blue hue that is indicative of hot new stars. More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1712b/ Credit: ESA/Hubble, Digitized Sky Survey, Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org) Music: Johan B Monell

"Hubble Deep Field" Amazing Images(full documentary)HD: https://youtu.be/vY9H7zAofmA Hubble on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope Hubblesite.org Videos: http://hubblesite.org/videos/science Comparison of telescopes and distance observed: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Hubble_Probes_the_Early_Universe.jpg James Webb Telescope information: https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html Hubble Space Telescope Deep Field Images: http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/?search=%22Deep+Field%22 Pluto viewed by Hubble versus New Horizons Probe: http://wwwcdn.skyandtelescope.com/wp-content/uploads/Pluto-HST-NH-comparison.jpg Size comparison of Hubble versus JWST: http://i.imgur.com/0PcZsy5.jpg Webb Conversations: It's All About Infrared - Why Build the James Webb Space Telescope: https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/webb-conversations-its-all-about-infrared-why-build-the-james-webb-space-telescope -- Watch live at https://www.twitch.tv/skylias

When the Hubble Space Telescope observed Mars near opposition in May, 2016, a sneaky companion photobombed the picture. Phobos, the Greek personification of fear, is one of two tiny moons orbiting Mars. In 13 exposures over 22 minutes, Hubble captured a timelapse of Phobos moving through its 7-hour 39-minute orbit. Read more information here: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-sees-martian-moon-orbiting-the-red-planet Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson Music credit: "Neighborhood Conspiracy" by Brice Davoli [SACEM]; Koka Media [SACEM], Universal Publishing Production Music (France) [SACEM]; Killer Tracks Production Music This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11946 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Or subscribe to NASA’s Goddard Shorts HD Podcast: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/iTunes/f0004_index.html Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter https://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/ · Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard/ · Google+ https://plus.google.com/+NASAGoddard/posts

LIKE AmericaSpace on Facebook! - www.facebook.com/AmericaSpace.org The James Webb Space Telescope will be the largest telescope ever sent into space. It is the impressive result of efforts from NASA, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency and will peer to the edges of the visible universe. This video highlights some of the Webb’s most impressive facts. Webb is scheduled to launch atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, at the edge of the Amazon, in October 2018. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center - AmericaSpace.com / For A Nation That Explores TWITTER and INSTAGRAM: @AmericaSpace .

We’ve now had multiple detections of gravitational waves, opening up a whole new field: gravitational astronomy. We talk about the detections made so far, and how we can see the Universe in a whole new way. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii Chad Weber - [email protected] Just a couple of weeks ago, astronomers from Caltech announced their third detection of gravitational waves from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory or LIGO. As with the previous two detections, astronomers have determined that the waves were generated when two intermediate-mass black holes slammed into each other, sending out ripples of distorted spacetime. One black hole had 31.2 times the mass of the Sun, while the other had 19.4 solar masses. The two spiraled inward towards each other, until they merged into a single black hole with 48.7 solar masses. And if you do the math, twice the mass of the Sun was converted into gravitational waves as the black holes merged. These gravitational waves traveled outward from the colossal collision at the speed of light, stretching and compressing spacetime like a tsunami wave crossing the ocean until they reached Earth, located about 2.9 billion light-years away. The waves swept past each of the two LIGO facilities, located in different parts of the United States, stretching the length of carefully calibrated laser measurements. And from this, researchers were able to detect the direction, distance and strength of the original merger. Seriously, if this isn’t one of the coolest things you’ve ever heard, I’m clearly easily impressed. Now that the third detection has been made, I think it’s safe to say we’re entering a brand new field of gravitational astronomy. In the coming decades, astronomers will use gravitational waves to peer into regions they could never see before. Being able to perceive gravitational waves is like getting a whole new sense. It’s like having eyes and then suddenly getting the ability to perceive sound. This whole new science will take decades to unlock, and we’re just getting started. As Einstein predicted, any mass moving through space generates ripples in spacetime. When you’re just walking along, you’re actually generating tiny ripples. If you can detect these ripples, you can work backwards to figure out what size of mass made the ripples, what direction it was moving, etc. Even in places that you couldn’t see in any other way. Let me give you a couple of examples. Black holes, obviously, are the low hanging fruit. When they’re not actively feeding, they’re completely invisible, only detectable by how they gravitational attract objects or bend light from objects passing behind them. But seen in gravitational waves, they’re like ships moving across the ocean, leaving ripples of distorted spacetime behind them. With our current capabilities through LIGO, astronomers can only detect the most massive objects moving at a significant portion of the speed of light. A regular black hole merger doesn’t do the trick - there’s not enough mass. Even a supermassive black hole merger isn’t detectable yet because these mergers seem to happen too slowly. This is why all the detections so far have been intermediate-mass black holes with dozens of times the mass of our Sun. And we can only detect them at the moment that they’re merging together, when they’re generating the most intense gravitational waves. If we can boost the sensitivity of our gravitational wave detectors, we should be able to spot mergers of less and more massive black holes. But merging isn’t the only thing they do. Black holes are born when stars with many more times the mass of our Sun collapse in on themselves and explode as supernovae. Some stars, we’ve now learned just implode as black holes, never generating the supernovae, so this process happens entirely hidden from us. Is there a singularity at the center of a black hole event horizon, or is there something there, some kind of object smaller than a neutron star, but bigger than an infinitely small point? As black holes merge together, we could see beyond the event horizon with gravitational waves, mapping out the invisible region within to get a sense of what’s going on down there. We want to know about even less massive objects like neutron stars, which can also form from a supernova explosion. These neutron stars can orbit one another and merge generating some of the most powerful explosions in the Universe: gamma ray bursts. But do neutron stars have surface features? Different densities? Could we detect a wobble in the gravitational waves in the last moments before a merger?

In biology, “symbiosis” refers to two organisms that live close to and interact with one another. Astronomers have long studied a class of stars — called symbiotic stars — that co-exist in a similar way. Using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes, astronomers are gaining a better understanding of how volatile this close stellar relationship can be. R Aquarii is one of the best known of the symbiotic stars. Located at a distance of about 710 light years from Earth, its changes in brightness were first noticed with the naked eye almost a thousand years ago. Since then, astronomers have studied this object and determined that R Aqr is not one star, but two: a small, dense white dwarf and a cool red, giant star. Occasionally, enough material will be pulled from the red giant onto the surface of the white dwarf to trigger thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen. The release of energy from this process can produce a nova, an asymmetric explosion that blows off the outer layers of the star at velocities of ten million miles per hour or more, pumping energy and material into space. Since shortly after Chandra launched in 1999, astronomers began using the X-ray telescope to monitor the behavior of R Aquarii. Chandra’s data have provided new information about the details and timing of the explosions that occur in R Aquarii. Continued close monitoring of R Aquarii with Chandra and other telescopes in the future should give scientists more insight into this unusual stellar system.

R Aquraii is an unusual star system located about 710 light years from Earth. It contains a white dwarf in orbit with a pulsating red giant star. Because of differences in temperature and gravitational strength, the white dwarf pulls the outer layers toward it. Occasionally, enough material accumulates on the white dwarf’s surface to trigger a thermonuclear explosion. Scientists using NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory have been studying these explosions. They are learning just how complex and volatile this stellar relationship can be.

The James Webb Infrared Space Telescope, a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, is getting ready for a 100-day freeze. It will undergo a deep freeze or a cryogenic test to make sure it can function in the cold of deep space. (May 31) Subscribe for more Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/AssociatedPress Get updates and more Breaking News here: http://smarturl.it/APBreakingNews The Associated Press is the essential global news network, delivering fast, unbiased news from every corner of the world to all media platforms and formats. AP’s commitment to independent, comprehensive journalism has deep roots. Founded in 1846, AP has covered all the major news events of the past 165 years, providing high-quality, informed reporting of everything from wars and elections to championship games and royal weddings. AP is the largest and most trusted source of independent news and information. Today, AP employs the latest technology to collect and distribute content - we have daily uploads covering the latest and breaking news in the world of politics, sport and entertainment. Join us in a conversation about world events, the newsgathering process or whatever aspect of the news universe you find interesting or important. Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/AssociatedPress http://www.ap.org/ https://plus.google.com/+AP/ https://www.facebook.com/APNews https://twitter.com/AP

May 2017 marked the end of an era for NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center because the James Webb Space Telescope has moved to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX. Webb has been at Goddard in some form for 21 years. And with the completion of the acoustic, vibration and center of curvature tests, the telescope part of the Webb spacecraft was finally ready for the next big test - the cryogenic vacuum test in the Apollo-made-famous Chamber A. Transporting Webb is a carefully choreographed dance. For the move to Johnson, the telescope was placed into a climate-controlled container called STTARS (Space Telescope Transporter for Air Road and Sea). A truck then slowly moved the large container during the night to Joint Base Andrews where it was loaded into a C-5 cargo airplane. The container is so tall that some power lines and traffic lights were moved. After a flight to Ellington Field in Houston, Texas, Webb was driven to Johnson. Webb was unpacked in Houston's Chamber A cleanroom and preparation for testing commenced. Download the video here: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12610 Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Producer: Sophia Roberts Music Credit: Zen Patio composed by Alexandre Prodhomme and Eddy Pradelles [Killer Tracks]

A throwback to March, when we performed acoustic testing on the James Webb Space Telescope at NASA Goddard. Because rockets are loud and vibrate a lot, we simulate the effect that will have on a spacecraft, to be sure it will survive the ride to space. We did vibration tests first - but we also did acoustic tests, where Webb was blasted with sound. Learn more with this video. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The video has no audio narration. Download available here: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12581

Dr Becky Smethurst discusses the James Webb Space Telescope, often described as the successor to Hubble. More links and info below ↓ ↓ ↓ Main images, file videos and animation courtesy of NASA/ESA/Arianespace Learn more about JWST at https://jwst.nasa.gov Brady's Telescope Tours: http://bit.ly/telescopetours Space Camera: https://youtu.be/sg8i7_46kQY More about Hubble: https://youtu.be/U-VtdUqK4Eg Lagrange Points: https://youtu.be/mxpVbU5FH0s Additional editing in this video by Luke Mazurek Visit our website at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/ We're on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/sixtysymbols And Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixtysymbols This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics Dr Smethurst's fellowship is supported by The Ogden Trust. More about Becky: https://youtu.be/xMNbDLHdZnY Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sixtysymbols Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran http://www.bradyharanblog.com Email list: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9

Emily Calandrelli investigates how the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionize our understanding of the universe.

A wave spanning 200,000 light years is rolling through the Perseus galaxy cluster, according to observations from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory coupled with a computer simulation. The simulation shows the gravitational disturbance resulting from the distant flyby of a galaxy cluster about a tenth the mass of the Perseus cluster. The event causes cooler gas at the heart of the Perseus cluster to form a vast expanding spiral, which ultimately forms giant waves lasting hundreds of millions of years at its periphery. Merger events like this are thought to occur as often as every three to four billion years in clusters like Perseus.

Nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which contains approximately 10 000 galaxies, this incredible image from the NASA/ESA Space Telescope reveals thousands of colourful galaxies in the constellation of Leo (The Lion). This vibrant view of the early Universe was captured as part of the Frontier Fields campaign, which aims to investigate galaxy clusters in more detail than ever before, and to explore some of the most distant galaxies in the Universe. Galaxy clusters are massive. They can have a tremendous impact on their surroundings, with their immense gravity warping and amplifying the light from more distant objects. This phenomenon, known as gravitational lensing, can help astronomers to see galaxies that would otherwise be too faint, aiding our hunt for residents of the primordial Universe. MACS J1149.5+2223 is a galaxy cluster located approximately five billion light-years away. In 2012, it helped astronomers uncover one of the most distant galaxies ever discovered. Light from the young galaxy, magnified 15 times by the galaxy cluster, first shone when our 13.7-billion-year-old Universe was a mere 500 million years old — just 3.6 per cent of its current age! In 2014 and 2015, MACS J1149.5+2223 was observed as part of the Frontier Fields campaign. While one of Hubble’s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an “unremarkable” patch of space. Referred to as a parallel field, this image — when compared to other similar fields — will help astronomers understand how the Universe looks in different directions. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA Bringing you the BEST Space and Astronomy videos online. Showcasing videos and images from the likes of NASA,ESA,Hubble etc. Join me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/spaceisamazing Twitter: https://twitter.com/AmazingSpace2 Google+ : http://goo.gl/1WCBn9 Nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which contains approximately 10,000 galaxies, this incredible image from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals thousands of colorful galaxies in the constellation of Leo (The Lion). This vibrant view of the early universe was captured as part of the Frontier Fields campaign, which aims to investigate galaxy clusters in more detail than ever before, and to explore some of the most distant galaxies in the universe. Galaxy clusters are massive. They can have a tremendous impact on their surroundings, with their immense gravity warping and amplifying the light from more distant objects. This phenomenon, known as gravitational lensing, can help astronomers to see galaxies that would otherwise be too faint, aiding our hunt for residents of the primordial universe. MACS J1149.5+2223 is a galaxy cluster located approximately five billion light-years away. In 2012, it helped astronomers uncover one of the most distant galaxies ever discovered. Light from the young galaxy, magnified 15 times by the galaxy cluster, first shone when our 13.7-billion-year-old universe was a mere 500 million years old — just 3.6 percent of its current age! In 2014 and 2015, MACS J1149.5+2223 was observed as part of the Frontier Fields campaign. While one of Hubble’s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an “unremarkable” patch of space. Referred to as a parallel field, this image — when compared to other similar fields — will help astronomers understand how the universe looks in different directions. Image credit: ESA (European Space Agency)/Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt

Visit http://science.nasa.gov/ for more. Stringent testing is underway to prove the James Webb Space Telescope can handle an Earth-shaking take-off and still capture the universe’s first light while deeply ensconced in the hyper-cold of space.

NASA will discuss new results about ocean worlds in our solar system from the agency’s Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope from the James Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Subscribe to TIME ►► http://po.st/SubscribeTIME The news briefing participants will be: • Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington • Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters • Mary Voytek, astrobiology senior scientist at NASA Headquarters • Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California • Hunter Waite, Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer team lead at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio • Chris Glein, Cassini INMS team associate at SwRI • William Sparks, astronomer with the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore Get closer to the world of entertainment and celebrity news as TIME gives you access and insight on the people who make what you watch, read and share. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2EFFA5DB900C633F Money helps you learn how to spend and invest your money. Find advice and guidance you can count on from how to negotiate, how to save and everything in between. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYOGLpQQfhNKdqS_Wccs94rMHiajrRr4W Find out more about the latest developments in science and technology as TIME’s access brings you to the ideas and people changing our world. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYOGLpQQfhNIzsgcwqhT6ctKOfHfyuaL3 Let TIME show you everything you need to know about drones, autonomous cars, smart devices and the latest inventions which are shaping industries and our way of living https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2862F811BE8F5623 Stay up to date on breaking news from around the world through TIME’s trusted reporting, insight and access https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYOGLpQQfhNJeIsW3A2d5Bs22Wc3PHma6 CONNECT WITH TIME Web: http://time.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TIME Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/time Google+: https://plus.google.com/+TIME/videos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en Magazine: http://time.com/magazine/ Newsletter: time.com/newsletter ABOUT TIME TIME brings unparalleled insight, access and authority to the news. A 24/7 news publication with nearly a century of experience, TIME’s coverage shapes how we understand our world. Subscribe for daily news, interviews, science, technology, politics, health, entertainment, and business updates, as well as exclusive videos from TIME’s Person of the Year, TIME 100 and more created by TIME’s acclaimed writers, producers and editors. NASA Reveals New Discoveries On Ocean Worlds In Our Solar System | TIME https://www.youtube.com/user/TimeMagazine