STARS

Daniela Calzetti U.Mass, Amherst Understanding galaxy evolution requires understanding star formation and its dependence on the local environment, spanning the scales from individual stars to kiloparsec–size structures. The physical conditions within galaxies determine the formation of stars, star clusters, and larger structures, and their subsequent evolution. HST observations of external galaxies have enabled the characterization of the young stellar populations with unprecedented accuracy and detail, thus aiding the census and description of those populations. These observations are being used to quantify the spatial distribution and clustering of young stars, and investigate the impact and imprint of the physical conditions of both the local and global environment on the formation and evolution of the multi-scale structures. I will concentrate mainly on the results of the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS), an HST Treasury programs that is investigating these issues using multi-color imaging, from the near-UV to the I, of a sample of nearby galaxies. I will also briefly introduce successor programs that promise to expand our understanding of star formation on galactic scales.

The GRAVITY instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has seen what seems an impossible sight... The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. Credit:ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Ivana Kurečić, Mariya Lyubenova, and Calum Turner. Music: John Stanford – The Edge (johnstanfordmusic.com). Footage and photos: ESO, UHD Team, M. Kornmesser, B. Tafreshi (twanight.org), MPE, F. Kamphues, MATISSE consortium, P. Horálek. Scientific Consultants: Paola Amico and Mariya Lyubenova. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

The faint, ephemeral glow emanating from the planetary nebula ESO 577-24 persists for only a short time -- around 10,000 years, a blink of an eye in astronomical terms. ESO’s Very Large Telescope captured this shell of glowing ionised gas -- the last breath of the dying star whose simmering remains are visible at the heart of this image. As the gaseous shell of this planetary nebula expands and grows dimmer, it will slowly disappear from sight. Watch more videos about Stars at https://www.spacetv.net/stars/ The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. Credit: ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Ivana Kurečić and Calum Turner. Music: Thomas Edward Rice — Phantasm Retro. Footage and photos: ESO, Liam Young/Unknown Fields, Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (skysurvey.org). Scientific consultant: Paola Amico. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

A super bright flash in the sky might be the birth of a supernova remnant and it turns out there's more than one way to build a binary star system. Host: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at https://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Alex Schuerch, Alex Hackman, Andrew Finley Brenan, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.10880.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.10720.pdf http://www.caltech.edu/news/what-astronomers-are-gleaning-big-blast-called-cow-84911 http://growth.caltech.edu/news-at2018cow.html http://keckobservatory.org/cow https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-01/nu-boa010319.php https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-01/aouf-uso010719.php http://www.astronomy.com/news/2019/01/astronomers-capture-birth-of-black-hole-or-neutron-star-a-first https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/astronomers-still-cant-decipher-cow-mysterious-explosion-deep-space https://www.lsst.org/ https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-01/uow-dss011019.php https://press.nature.com/wp-content/uploads/files/2019/01/41550_2018_667_OnlinePDF.pdf -------- Images: https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1709a/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AT2018cow-context_244.000927647_%2B22.2680094118_20180627.jpg https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/189524.php https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/189664.php?from=416805 https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/abstract-bright-rainbow-blurred-background-gm878137448-244928765 https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast64b/ https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/190012.php https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/190013.php?from=417230 https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7314

The Sun. It's a big ball of fire, right? Apparently not. In fact, what's going on inside of the Sun took us some time and knowledge of physics to finally figure out: stellar fusion. Let's talk about the different kinds of fusion, and how we're trying to adapt it to generate power here on Earth. Join +Fraser Cain and +Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions! Want to support CosmoQuest? Here are specific ways you can help: * Donate and challenge your friends to donate too! https://tiltify.com/+cosmoquest-supporters/hangoutathon2018 * Donate! (Streamlabs link) https://streamlabs.com/cosmoquestx * Buy stuff from our Redbubble https://www.redbubble.com/people/cosmoquestx * Help us find sponsors by sharing our program and fundraising efforts through your networks * Become a Patreon of Astronomy Cast https://www.patreon.com/astronomycast * Sponsor 365 Days of Astronomy http://bit.ly/sponsor365DoA * A combination of the above!

Use my link http://www.audible.com/isaac or text "ISAAC" to 500-500 to get a free book including a copy of Olaf Stapledon's "Star Maker" Without the Sun our world would be a frozen wasteland, and for this reason any efforts to colonize the galaxy must focus on huddling in the tiny oases of warmth around stars, separated from each other by enormous gulfs of interstellar space. But what if we could make our own stars at the places of our choosing? And can we merely mimic nature or create stars unlike anything which nature has formed? Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur SFIA Merchandise available: https://www.signil.com/sfia/ Social Media: Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/making-suns Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/making-suns-narration-only Credits: Making Suns Episode 168, Season 5 E02 Written by Isaac Arthur Editors A.T. Long Darius Said D. Hemanshi Edward Nardella Keith Blockus Matthew Acker Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com Cover Art Jakub Grygier Graphics by Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/ Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana Justin Dixon Katie Byrne Kris Holland (Mafic Studios) www.maficstudios.com Ken York https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/ LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com Luca DeRosa Mihail Yordanov Sam McNamara Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Music Manager: Luca De Rosa - [email protected] Music: Denny Schneidemesser, "Luminous Rays" https://soundcloud.com/denny-schneidemesser Stellardrone, "The Belt of Orion" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com Lombus, "Goldilocks Analemma" Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon" https://www.kai-engel.com/ Aerium,"2 Drowned Holodecks" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ Serena Ellis, "Science" https://soundcloud.com/serenaelis Stellardrone, "Twilight" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com

I did not believe this image was real when I first saw it. It looks so weird! It's not a spiral galaxy though, it's a star in our own Milky Way galaxy. So what is causing this weird spiral pattern of dust? I go through the physics of carbon stars and the best hypothesis we currently have to explain it. Let me know in the comments what weird space objects you guess humanity might be missing because we're not in the right place to see them. If you liked that check out my playlist of some Unsolved Mysteries in Physics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLd19WvC9yqUd5G-BZdpUs892Z3mTHozQU Please subscribe if you haven't already and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! I also present videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbols and Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos Dr. Becky Smethurst is a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

Dr Becky Smethurst discussing Messier 44 and the discovery of planets around stars in the open cluster. More links and info in full description ↓↓↓ More videos with Becky - http://bit.ly/Becky_Playlist Messier Object videos we have made: http://bit.ly/MessierObjects Exoplanet transit: https://youtu.be/SnoCAWCZC7A Two 'b's in the Beehive: The Discovery of the First Hot Jupiters in an Open Cluster: https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0818 Four hot DOGs in the microwave: https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.04179 Dr Becky Smethurst at the University of Oxford: https://rebeccasmethurst.co.uk Deep Sky Videos website: http://www.deepskyvideos.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeepSkyVideos Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/DeepSkyVideos More about the astronomers in our videos: http://www.deepskyvideos.com/pages/contributors.html Supported by the University of Nottingham Back us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/deepskyvideos Videos by Brady Haran This video shot and edited by James Hennessy

Massive stars die in fantastic explosions called supernovas. Most of them fit neatly into a few categories, but then there are the peculiars, a special group of supernovas that don’t quite fit in with the rest. SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at https://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Alex Hackman, Andrew Finley Brenan, Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2015/015447/supernova-hits-star-results-shocking https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.05730.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.05158.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14455 https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/type-ia-supernova-two-ways-0520201523/ http://askanastronomer.org/stars/2015/11/19/exploding-stars/ https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2007/07may_bigsupernova http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/sn2006gy.htm https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0612617.pdf https://www.universetoday.com/64655/a-new-kind-of-supernova-explodes-in-unusual-way/ http://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/stellarevolution_deathhigh.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.2003.pdf Curtis McCully (postdoc at Las Cumbres Observatory) ------ Images: https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast64b/ https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1505a/ https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10532 https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasa-spacecraft-capture-rare-early-moments-of-baby-supernovae https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0731b/ https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1505a/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sn2006gy_CHANDRA_x-ray.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SN2006gy.jpg https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1820a/ https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo1528a/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/exploded-star-blooms-like-flower-photo.html

This animation shows a red giant, slowly expelling its outer layers into space. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840e/ Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

When a white dwarf in a binary star system acquires more material than it can handle it creates a violent outburst of surplus gas. With this outburst the white dwarf attempts to correct the imbalance. Channelled by the magnetic field of the star, the ejecta take the form of spectacular symmetric jets extending hundreds of billions of kilometres from the white dwarf’s polar regions. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840h/ Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

This animation shows the artist’s impression of a vampiric star. The red giant in this system is slowly expelling its outer layers into space. Here the second star in the system, a white dwarf, is siphoning this material into a disc surrounding it. The material then spirals down from this disc onto the white dwarf. Occasionally, more material will fall onto the white dwarf than it can handle. When this occurs, a violent outburst of surplus gas from the white dwarf attempts to correct the imbalance. Channelled by the magnetic field of the star, the ejecta take the form of spectacular symmetric jets extending hundreds of billions of kilometres from the white dwarf’s polar regions. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840f/ Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

Already in 1810 astronomers discovered that the brightness of the star R Aquarii periodically changes and it has subsequently been found to vary with a period of approximately a year. During these cycles, R Aquarii has been seen to fade into obscurity and then become so bright as to almost be visible to the naked eye. This animation is an artistic representation of this change in brightness. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840g/ Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

This zoom video starts with a wide view of the Milky Way and ends with a close-up look at the chaotic and fascinating binary star system R Aquarii. The image shown in this final image of this video is data from the SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), and shows the binary star itself, as well as the jets of material spewing from the interacting stellar couple. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840b/ Credit: ESO, Digitized Sky Survey 2, ESA/Hubble, Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org). Music: astral electronic

This video shows the evolution of a chaotic and fascinating binary star system named R Aquarii. The time lapse begins with observations from the Nordic Optical Telescope taken in 1997. In the 15 years since that image was taken the system has been observed by many other telescopes, including ESO’s Very Large Telescope. This video lapses between a selection of these images, showing the expansion and evolution of the material surrounding R Aquarii. R Aquarii is a so-called “symbiotic binary”, comprising two stars surrounded by a large, dynamic cloud of gas (a nebula). Systems like this contain two stars in an unequal and complex relationship. R Aquarii is made up of one hot white dwarf and one red giant. The red giant is losing matter to its small companion and occasionally ejecting matter in weird spurts, loops and trails, forming the intriguing shapes seen here. There is a lot going on between the performers in this cosmic double act. The red giant is a variable star, with a brightness that changes by a factor of 750 every year and three weeks. The faint nebula is named Cederblad 211 and is thought to be the result of a violent nova 250 years ago. Also visible is a narrow, vertical, S-shaped feature, with blobs of superheated material. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/potw1850a/ Credit: T. Liimets et al./ESO/M. Kornmesser

While testing a new subsystem on the SPHERE planet-hunting instrument on ESO’s Very Large telescope, astronomers were able to capture dramatic details of the turbulent stellar relationship in the binary star R Aquarii with unprecedented clarity — even compared to observations from Hubble. The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840a/ Subscribe to ESOcast in iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/esocast-hd/id295471183?mt=2 Receive future episodes on YouTube by pressing the Subscribe button above or follow us on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/esoastronomy Watch more ESOcast episodes: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/ Find out how to view and contribute subtitles for the ESOcast in multiple languages, or translate this video on YouTube: http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/ Credit: ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Sara Rigby and Calum Turner. Music: tonelabs – Orion Fog (http://www.tonelabs.com). Footage and photos: ESO, Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (skysurvey.org), Schmid et al., ESA, Hubble, M. Kornmesser, T. Liimets et al. Scientific consultant: Paola Amico. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

Thanks to the hardworking Gaia spacecraft, astronomers think they’ve located a star that formed from the same solar nebula as the Sun. In fact, this star is a virtual twin of the Sun and it’s actually pretty close. Well, astronomical speaking. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=520 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070516300755 https://www.forbes.com/sites/briankoberlein/2017/07/27/the-orion-nebula-has-created-new-stars-at-least-three-times/#7f55e8688b34 https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/su201438 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMzMuZnxZSg http://www.iastro.pt/news/news.html?ID=92 https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2018/11/aa34285-18/aa34285-18.html

From their laboratories on a rocky planet dwarfed by the vastness of space, Clemson University scientist Marco Ajello and his team have managed to measure all of the starlight ever produced throughout the history of the observable universe.

A star system in our galaxy could give us a ringside seat for one of the brightest lightshows in the universe. And, with luck, it won’t wipe out all life on our planet. The system—located 8000 light-years away and dubbed Apep after an Egyptian snake deity—contains a binary pair of stars surrounded by a serpentine-shaped dust cloud. One of stars is an unusually massive sun known as a Wolf-Rayet star. When such stars run out of fuel, they collapse, causing a supernova explosion. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/11/massive-star-system-primed-intense-explosion http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter What do brown dwarfs teach about stars? What do they teach us about planets? What keeps them warm, and how long do they live? And are they really brown? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Follow all the show updates at http://www.askaspaceman.com, and help support the show at http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter! Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain.

Scientists studying what amounts to a computer-simulated "pulsar in a box" are gaining a more detailed understanding of the complex, high-energy environment around spinning neutron stars, also called pulsars. The model traces the paths of charged particles in magnetic and electric fields near the neutron star, revealing behaviors that may help explain how pulsars emit gamma-ray and radio pulses with ultraprecise timing. A pulsar is the crushed core of a massive star that exploded as a supernova. The core is so compressed that more mass than the Sun's squeezes into a ball no wider than Manhattan Island in New York City. This process also revvs up its rotation and strengthens its magnetic and electric fields. Various physical processes ensure that most of the particles around a pulsar are either electrons or their antimatter counterparts, positrons. To trace the behavior and energies of these particles, the researchers used a comparatively new type of pulsar model called a "particle in cell" (PIC) simulation. The PIC technique lets scientists explore the pulsar from first principles, starting with a spinning, magnetized neutron star. The computer code injects electrons and positrons at the pulsar's surface and tracks how they interact with the electric and magnetic fields. It's computationally intensive because the particle motions affect the fields and the fields affect the particles, and everything is moving near the speed of light. The simulation shows that most of the electrons tend to race outward from the magnetic poles. Some medium-energy electrons scatter wildly, even heading back to the pulsar. The positrons, on the other hand, mostly flow out at lower latitudes, forming a relatively thin structure called the current sheet. In fact, the highest-energy positrons here -- less than 0.1 percent of the total -- are capable of producing gamma rays similar to those detected by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, which has discovered 216 gamma-ray pulsars. The simulation ran on the Discover supercomputer at NASA's Center for Climate Simulation at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the Pleiades supercomputer at NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California. The model actually tracks "macroparticles," each of which represents many trillions of electrons or positrons. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Music: "Reaching for the Horizon" and "Leaving Earth" from Killer Tracks This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13058 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard

Teams will demonstrate an understanding of stellar evolution in normal & starburst galaxies.

Teams will demonstrate an understanding of stellar evolution in normal & starburst galaxies.

This presentation focuses on understanding the process of stellar evolution by using a series of materials, resources and investigations specifically designed for Science Olympiad coaches and teams.

This presentation focuses on understanding the process of stellar evolution by using a series of materials, resources and investigations specifically designed for Science Olympiad coaches and teams.

According to Gizmodo, scientists now believe Black Holes might temporarily be able to bring dead stars back to life. In what has been described as a “brief zombie awakening,” a team of scientists studying white dwarfs - small dense objects formed when bigger stars run out of fuel - determined that black holes could theoretically reignite dead stars in a supernova like explosion. Scientist went on to say that the results of reigniting these dead stars would be the generation and release of heavier elements into the cosmos. https://gizmodo.com/black-holes-might-temporarily-bring-dead-stars-back-to-1828715319 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

The answer lies in the tiny shifts we see in a star's position as Earth revolves around the sun.

Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: The Fate of Stars Like the Sun Greg Sloan of the Space Telescope Science Institute Our Sun, though seemingly eternal, is about halfway through its roughly 10-billion-year lifespan. What will happen when the Sun dies? Not only will the answer be important to whoever inhabits Earth in a few billion years, it is important to astronomers today. Quiet stars like the Sun are many times more numerous than large stars and play a major role in how galaxies develop. Importantly, how these stars die determines when life can first form in the galaxy. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, August 7 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

Przybylski’s Star has been puzzling astronomers for decades, and it might contain elements or isotopes that scientists have never seen before! Hosted by: Reid Reimers For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/189739a0 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/477/3/3791/4964763?redirectedFrom=fulltext https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/317/2/299/1005394 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1986QJRAS..27..697G https://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=1638 [PDF] http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2017/06/30/wright/ http://sites.psu.edu/astrowright/2017/03/15/przybylskis-star-i-whats-that/ https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/A-type_main-Fauence_star.html https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS0884591308020049 https://www.britannica.com/science/actinoid-element https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7549 http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/114/flerovium http://www.ma.man.ac.uk/~moss/papers/moss_poprad.pdf http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0610611 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.04250 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MNRAS.380..771F https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/44/aa7429-07/aa7429-07.html Images: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11428 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sirius_A_and_B_artwork.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Holmium2.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europium.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Island_of_Stability.svg https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/317/2/299/1005394

Since 1937, astronomers have puzzled over the curious variability of a young star named RW Aur A, which is located about 450 light years from Earth. Every few decades, the star's optical light has faded briefly before brightening again. In recent years, astronomers have observed the star dimming more frequently, and for longer periods. Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, a team of scientists may have uncovered what caused the star's most recent dimming event: a collision of two infant planetary bodies. Once the planets were destroyed, the debris would have fallen onto the star, generating a thick veil of dust and gas. This would have temporarily obscured the star's light, explaining the dimming astronomers have seen. Computer simulations have long predicted that planets can fall into a young star, but scientists have never before observed that before now. If this most recent study is correct, it would be the first time that astronomers have directly observed a young star devouring a planet. Because the X-rays come from the hot outer atmosphere of the star, changes in the X-ray spectrum — the intensity of X-rays measured at different wavelengths — over these three observations were used to probe the density and composition of the absorbing material around the star. The team found that the dips in both optical and X-ray light are caused by dense gas obscuring the star's light. The observation in 2017 showed strong emission from iron atoms, indicating that the disk contained at least 10 times more iron than in the 2013 observation during a bright period. The researchers think the excess iron was created when two planetesimals, or infant planetary bodies, collided. If one or both planetary bodies are made partly of iron, their smash-up could release a large amount of iron into the star's disk and temporarily obscure its light as the material falls into the star. This discovery gives insight into the processes affecting the development of infant planets. Undoubtedly, astronomers will continue to study this fascinating object with Chandra and other telescopes.

For decades, astronomers have watched as the star RW Aur A has faded and brightened in optical light. RW Aur A is a few million years old and relatively close to Earth at a distance of 450 light years. Recently, they watched as the star dimmed more frequently and for longer periods of time. To investigate this mystery, a team of scientists used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to study it using a different kind of light: X-rays. The X-rays provided evidence that the most recent dimming was caused by the destruction of a young planet that was then devoured by a star. This would be the first time that anyone has seen such an event and would help astronomers better understand how infant planets develop.

This sequence starts with a wide view of the Milky Way and zooms in on the globular star cluster NGC 6388 in the constellation of Scorpius (The Scorpion). The final images are first from MUSE on ESO's Very Large Telescope in Wide Field Mode and then the last, very sharp, image shows part of the cluster using the MUSE Narrow Field Mode with adaptive optics turned on. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1824b/ Credit: ESO/S. Kammann (LJMU)/ N. Risinger (skysurvey.org). Music: Astral Electronic

The European Southern Observatory shared a particularly colorful image of the RCW 38 cluster, which contains a wealth of young and still-forming stars.

Some of the highest-energy cosmic rays that reach Earth may originate in a star system 7,500 light-years away, according to a study published July 2 in Nature Astronomy.

Scientists understand gravity pretty well when it comes to two objects, but add a third, and you’ve got chaos—a system that’s impossible to explain with our simplest equations. But you also have a way to test the limits of Einstein’s theory of gravity. You’re probably aware of the fact that there are a lot of outstanding questions about our universe—like what is dark energy, what is dark matter, and why can’t one unified physics theory explain both the biggest and smallest objects in the universe? https://gizmodo.com/einsteins-theory-of-gravity-holds-up-on-test-of-a-three-1827319579 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit Tech using http://wochit.com

These three stars can easily be seen with the naked eye, but it took some fancy telescopes for us to realize how weird they really are! Hosted by: Reid Reimers For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلطا الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://www.stsci.edu/instruments/observatory/PDF/scs8.rev.pdf http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/71/pdf http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1988JRASC..82..336G&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast122/lectures/lec09.html http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/observing-news/observe-mira-the-amazing-star/ https://www.aavso.org/mira-variables-period-changes http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/431740/pdf http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?2007IAUS..239..343W&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275106213000027 https://www.space.com/3250-stars-pronunciation-guide.html https://www.universetoday.com/20094/cetus-constellation/ https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2007/15aug_mira https://www.space.com/7653-star-big-dipper.html http://earthsky.org/brightest-stars/mizar-and-alcor-the-horse-and-rider http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/mizar-a-fresh-look-at-an-old-friend03252015/ Images: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Big_dipper_from_the_kalalau_lookout_at_the_kokee_state_park_in_hawaii.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dipper.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wide-field_view_of_the_Summer_Triangle_modifi%C3%A9.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wide-field_view_of_the_Summer_Triangle.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vega_(star).jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mira_in_UV_and_Visible_Light.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mira_the_star.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CetusCC.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mira-uv-bow-shock-tail-vertical.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11541

Text in 'How far away is it - Supernovae and Star Clusters' document http://howfarawayisit.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Star-Clusters-and-Supernova-v2-1.pdf In this segment of our “How far away is it” video book, we cover Supernovae and star clusters. As we start Supernovae, we compare the magnitude of the exploding star that created the Helix Planetary Nebula with the explosion that created the Crab Nebula. We take the opportunity to describe the size and densities of White Dwarfs as compared to Neutron Stars. We also take a look at what the daytime sky might look like if Betelgeuse were to supernova. We then cover the Neutron Star that that a star supernova leaves behind. We take a deep look at the Crab Nebula’ Neutron star. We then take a look at the beautiful Veil Nebula and the Cygnus Loop. We then explain what a Type 1a Supernova is and how it works as a critically important standard candle. We show a binary star system with matter flowing through the L1 Lagrange point, and mention Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar’s solution to Einstein’s equations. We then take a look at the amazing remnants of past supernova explosions scattered across our galaxy including: SN 1006, RCW 86, Tycho Supernova SN 1572, Cassiopeia A with its Light Echoes, RCW 103 with its Magnetar, Kepler's supernova SN 1604, N 63A, and Supernova 1987A. For RCW 103, we illustrate the impact on the Earth if it were Capella that went supernova. We conclude this section on SN with a look at how we find them with transient facilities like the Zwicky Transient Facility at the Palomar Observatory. We continue on to Star Clusters by pointing out that there are two primary kinds of star clusters: open cluster and globular cluster. We visit some very beautiful open clusters including: the Pleiades, the Jewel Box (NGC 4755), Pismis 24 in NGC 6357, Terzan 5, NGC 6791, and the Quintuplet and Arches clusters. And then we visit some spectacular globular clusters including: 47 Tucanae, Omega Centauri, Terzan 5, M30 and M53. We conclude by adding brightest globular clusters and Type 1a Supernova as key standard candle rungs on our distance ladder. Music @00:00 Bach, Johann Sebastian: Air ‘on the G string’; Academy of St. Martin in the Fields – Sir Neville Marriner, 1974; from the album “The most relaxing classical album in the world…ever!” @06:39 Puccini, Giacomo: Preludio Sinfonico; Radio-Symphonie-Orchester Berlin and Riccardo Chailly; from the album “Puccini Without Words”, 2006 @13:00 Bach, Johann Sebastian: Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, Canta-ta BWV 147 - Arr. Guillermo Figueroa - 10. Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring, Or-pheus Chamber Orchestra, from the album “Baroque – The Essentials, 2018 @16:08 Bizet, Georges: Entracte to Act III from “Carman”; Orchestre Na-tional de France / Seiji Ozawa, 1984; from the album “The most relaxing clas-sical album in the world…ever!” @21:12 Rachmaninov, Sergei: Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini – Variation 18; Cecile Ousset (Piano), City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra / Sir Si-mon Rattle, 1984; from the album “The most relaxing classical album in the world…ever!”

Join +Fraser Cain and +Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions! Another update show, this time on the various generations of stars, let's get into it.

The wake of gas from its brown dwarf companion has magnified this tiny pulsar for closer scrutiny. You can get the whole story and more at Astronomy.com http://www.astronomy.com/news/2018/05/astronomers-get-a-close-look-at-a-distant-pulsar Astronomy magazine is the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine, offering you the most exciting visually stunning thorough, and timely coverage of the heavens above. Each monthly issue includes expert science reporting, vivid color photography, complete sky-event coverage, spot-on observing tips, informative telescope reviews, and more. Astronomy.com features daily news and weekly observing tips, as well as our Picture of the Day. We also invite you to check out our blogs, podcasts, and more. All of this comes in an easy-to-understand user-friendly style that's perfect for astronomers at any level. Like Astronomy magazine on FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine Follow Astronomy magazine on TWITTER: https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag View Astronomy magazine's Picture of the Day on PINTEREST: https://www.pinterest.com/astronomymag/astronomy-picture-of-the-day/

This sequence takes the viewer from a broad view of the spectacular central regions of the Milky Way and in towards the rich constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer). Here we find an unremarkable-looking star, HD 163296, which has about twice the mass of the Sun, but is only four million years old. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1818b/ Credit: ESO. Music: Astral Electronic.

30 Doradus (the Tarantula Nebula) is a very bright and active star-forming region outside of the Milky Way galaxy, at 160,000 light-years away. “30 Dor” is home to the central star cluster NGC 2070, including the most active region, R136, which appears in the central-right area of the image. R136 is a few million years old and contains many thousands of young stars, including several of the largest known. The bright blue stars shine out of the cleared cavity that is excavated by stellar winds. The redder stars are still partially embedded in the cloud material, seen in shadow except where illuminated by the cavity stars. In the infrared view the embedded stars shine more clearly through the intervening cloud material. Video Credit: NASA, ESA, G.Bacon (STScI) Image Credit: NASA, ESA, F. Paresce (INAF-IASF, Bologna, Italy), R. O'Connell (University of Virginia, Charlottesville), and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee

Astronomers using ALMA and the VLT have discovered that starburst galaxies in both the early and the nearby Universe contain a much higher proportion of massive stars than is found in more peaceful galaxies. The video is available in 4K UHD. The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1817a/ Subscribe to ESOcast in iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/esocast-hd/id295471183?mt=2 Receive future episodes on YouTube by pressing the Subscribe button above or follow us on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/esoastronomy Watch more ESOcast episodes: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/ Find out how to view and contribute subtitles for the ESOcast in multiple languages, or translate this video on YouTube: http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/ Credit: ESO. Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Stephen Molyneux and Richard Hook. Music: written and performed by Stan Dart (www.stan-dart.com). Footage and photos: ESO, M. Kornmesser, L. Calçada. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

Astronomers have used observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) to determine that star formation in the very distant galaxy MACS1149-JD1 started at an unexpectedly early stage, only 250 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery also represents the most distant oxygen ever detected in the Universe and the most distant galaxy ever observed by ALMA or the VLT. The video is available in 4K UHD. The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1815a/ Subscribe to ESOcast in iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/esocast-hd/id295471183?mt=2 Receive future episodes on YouTube by pressing the Subscribe button above or follow us on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/esoastronomy Watch more ESOcast episodes: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/ Find out how to view and contribute subtitles for the ESOcast in multiple languages, or translate this video on YouTube: http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/ Credit: ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Stephen Molyneux and Richard Hook. Music: Tim Turusov (www.turusov.com). Footage and photos: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, W. Zheng (JHU), M. Postman (STScI), the CLASH Team, Hashimoto et al and R. Colombari. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

The weirdest space story is about a star named, Tabby, whose bizarre blinking can't be explained. Stream Full Episodes Now: https://www.sciencechannel.com/ Download the Science Channel GO app! Subscribe to Science Channel: http://bit.ly/SubscribeScience Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ScienceChannel Twitter: https://twitter.com/ScienceChannel

Most supernovae occur at the end of a massive star’s life, whose dramatic and catastrophic destruction is marked by one final explosion. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/esocast159a/ Subscribe to ESOcast in iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/esocast-hd/id295471183?mt=2 Receive future episodes on YouTube by pressing the Subscribe button above or follow us on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/esoastronomy Watch more ESOcast episodes: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/ Find out how to view and contribute subtitles for the ESOcast in multiple languages, or translate this video on YouTube: http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/ Credit: ESO. Directed by: Richard Hasbia and Nico Bartmann. Editing: Richard Hasbia and Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Richard Hasbia and Richard Hook. Music: Stan Dart — Supernova. Footage and photos: ESO, M. Kornmesser, L. Calçada, ESA/Hubble, Digitized Sky Survey, Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org), S. Lowery, P. Horálek and L. L. Christensen. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

Join +Fraser Cain and +Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions! Time for another update, this time we're going to look at what's new with supernovae. And once again, we've got good news, lots of new stuff to report.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE If we, or any conscious being is around to witness the very distant future our galaxy, what will they see? How long will life persist as the stars begin to die? Subscribe to Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: Black Hole Swarms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVhtKAnp3G4 For the sake of argument, let’s say that humanity survives the several ends of the world that await us. We somehow persist the gradual heating of our Sun and the evaporation of our oceans. Our descendants cling to existence through countless generations we watch the Andromeda galaxy merge with the Milky Way, forming a vast elliptical galaxy. We seek refuge in the outer solar system as the Sun finally expands into a red giant – twice! And finally our heirs or successors find new homes among the stars after the Sun’s final death and transformation into a dim white dwarf. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Fabrice Eap Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Craig Peterson Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Shannan Catalano Brandon Cook

In some ways, star clusters are like giant families with thousands of stellar siblings. These stars come from the same origins — a common cloud of gas and dust — and are bound to one another by gravity. Astronomers think that our Sun was born in a star cluster about 4.6 billion years ago that quickly dispersed. By studying young star clusters, astronomers hope to learn more about how stars — including our Sun — are born. NGC 6231, located about 5,200 light years from Earth, is an ideal testbed for studying a stellar cluster at a critical stage of its evolution: not long after star formation has stopped. The discovery of NGC 6231 is attributed to Giovanni Battista Hodierna, an Italian mathematician and priest who published observations of the cluster in 1654. Sky watchers today can find the star cluster to the southwest of the tail of the constellation Scorpius. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has been used to identify the young Sun-like stars in NGC 6231, which have, until recently, been hiding in plain sight. Young star clusters like NGC 6231 are found in the band of the Milky Way on the sky. As a result, interloping stars lying in front of or behind NGC 6231 greatly outnumber the stars in the cluster. These stars will generally be much older than those in NGC 6231, so members of the cluster can be identified by selecting signs of stellar youth. The Chandra data, combined with infrared data from the VISTA telescope, have provided the best census of young stars in NGC 6231 available. By studying this cluster and others like it, astronomers hope to better understand our Sun's origins and our shared cosmic ancestry with stars across the Galaxy.

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