Evolving Stars & Nebulae II
AAS 237 Press Conference: Evolving Stars & Nebulae II
Friday, 15 January 2021, 4:30 pm EST Welcome
Rick Fienberg (AAS Press Officer) Scientists Explain a Jet Pointing the Wrong Way
Daniel Q. Wang (University of Massachusetts, Amherst) New Looks at Old Friends:
Hubble Space Telescope and Radio Imaging of Two Quintessential Planetary Nebulae The Butterfly (NGC 6302)
Joel Kastner (Rochester Institute of Technology) The Jewel Bug (NGC 7027)
Paula Moraga Baez (Rochester Institute of Technology) & Jesse Bublitz (Green Bank Observatory) Q&A
Red Giant Stars Can Shoot Microwave 'Lasers'
United States Naval Observatory astronomer David Boboltz discusses masers around red giants like the star S Orionis. Discover more about Our Milky Way Galaxy on our website:
https://public.nrao.edu/radio-astronomy/our-milky-way-galaxy/ Take a virtual tour of the Milky Way in our Milky Way Explorer:
https://public.nrao.edu/explore/milky-way-explorer/ Additional animation and video credits: J. Hellerman and A. Angelich, NRAO/AUI/NSF; ESO/B. Tafreshi (twanight.org). Music: Mark Mercury.
The Dying Red Giant Star R Sculptoris
NRAO astronomer Jeff Magnum describes the gorgeous structure that ALMA radio telescope has mapped surrounding the aging variable star R Sculptoris and gives an explanation for its incredible spiral pattern. Discover more about Our Milky Way Galaxy on our website:
https://public.nrao.edu/radio-astronomy/our-milky-way-galaxy/ Take a virtual tour of the Milky Way Galaxy and its neighbors with NRAO's Milky Way Explorer!
https://public.nrao.edu/explore/milky-way-explorer/ Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/M. Maercker et al./L. Calçada (ESO); Nature/M. Maercker et al./S. Mohamed/L. Calçada; A. Angelich (NRAO/AUI/NSF); Music: Mark Mercury, Geodesium
Tour: A Cosmic Amethyst in a Dying Star
On Earth, amethysts can form when gas bubbles in lava cool under the right conditions. In space, a dying star with a mass similar to the Sun is capable of producing a structure on par with the appeal of these beautiful gems. As stars like the Sun run through their fuel, they cast off their outer layers and the core of the star shrinks. This is what astronomers call a planetary nebula. Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, astronomers have found a bubble of ultra-hot gas at the center of one of these expiring stars in our Galaxy called IC 4593. At a distance of about 7,800 light years from Earth, IC 4593 is the most distant planetary nebula yet detected with Chandra. This new image of IC 4593 has X-rays from Chandra in purple, invoking similarities to amethysts found in geodes around the globe. The plum-colored bubble detected by Chandra is from gas that has been heated to over a million degrees. These high temperatures were likely generated by material that blew away from the shrunken core of the star and crashed into gas that had previously been ejected by the star. Astronomers also found evidence for a point-like X-ray source at the center of IC 4593. This X-ray emission has higher energies than the bubble of hot gas. The point source could be from the star that discarded its outer layers to form the planetary nebula or it could be from a possible companion star in this system. The name planetary nebula is misleading because this class of objects has actually nothing to do with planets. Astronomers created this term about two centuries ago because they thought these objects looked like the disk of a planet through their small telescopes. Today we know that a planetary nebula is formed after the interior of a star with about the mass of the Sun contracts and its outer layers expand and cool. When our Sun nears its planetary nebula phase several billions of years from now, its outer layers could extend as far as the orbit of Venus.
Exotic Boson Stars Could Be Mimicking Black Holes, But What Are They?
You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6
Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about an exotic concept known as boson stars.
Papers: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.221101
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.08682.pdf
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/497/1/521/5866505?redirectedFrom=fulltext Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job:
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Could Exotic Life Exist Inside a Star? This Paper Suggests So
You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6
Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about an idea of exotic life surviving and thriving inside stars
Paper: https://osf.io/j6gux/
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Some of the above are affiliate links, meaning I would get a (very small) percentage of the price paid. Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel
Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Morrison Waud
Vlad Manshin
Mark Teranishi
TheHuntress
Ralph Spataro
Albert B. Cannon
Lilith Dawn
Greg Lambros
adam lee
Gabriel Seiffert
Henry Spadoni
J Carter
Jer
Silver surfer
Konrad Kummli
Nick Dolgy
UnexpectedBooks.com
Mario Rahmani
George Williams
Shinne
Jakub Glos
Johann Goergen
Jake Salo
LS Greger
Lyndon Riley
Lauren Smith
Michael Tiganila
Russell Sears
Vinod sethi
Dave Blair
Robert Wyssbrod
Randal Masutani
Michael Mitsuda
Assaf Dar Sagol
Liam Moss
Timothy Welter MD
Barnard Rabenold
Gordon Cooper
Tracy Burgess
Douglas Burns
Jayjay Volz
Anataine Deva
Kai Raphahn
Sander Stols
Bodo Graßmann
Daniel Charles Smith
Daniel G.
Eugene Sandulenko
gary steelman
Max McNally
Michael Koebel
Sergio Ruelas
Steven Aiello
Victor Julian Castillo
xyndicate
Honey Suzanne Lyons
Olegas Budnik
Dale Andrew Darling
Niji
Peter Hamrak
Matthew Lazear
Alexander Afanasyev
Anton Newman
Anton Reed
Astronomy Cast Episode 579: White and Black Dwarfs
Join Fraser Cain and Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions! ******************************************
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The Largest Star in the Universe – Size Comparison
We created our first app ‘Universe in a Nutshell’, together with Tim Urban of Wait but Why!
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Some stars are strange...
Hi Spacecats, I'm Dr Maggie Lieu and welcome to my channel, where you can find all things space, astronomy and physics! Some stars are strange - No I mean literally! Made from strange quarks, these hypothetical objects could be hiding in plain sight, and could even be the missing dark matter we are looking for... but what exactly are they? Extra reading:
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0211348
https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0407155 Media credits: If you enjoyed the video, please consider by liking, sharing and subscribing! I'm also on:
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See the odd stellar orbits and evolution of a triple star system
GW Orionis system observations by the Very Large Telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed that the stars "tear apart their planet-forming disc." according to the European Southern Observatory. See how the stars orbit and the evolution of the system in these animations. -- Scientists spot a triple-star system shredding its planet-forming disk in a cosmic first: https://www.space.com/gw-orionis-triple-star-system-tears-apart-disk.html Credit: Space.com / animations: ESO/Exeter/Kraus et al./L. Calçada / produced & edited by Steve Spaleta (http://www.twitter.com/stevespaleta)
Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains How Many Stars You Can See In the Night Sky
How many stars can you see in the night sky with your naked eye? A million? A Billion? As Carl Sagan liked to say, “Billions and billions?” On this StarTalk explainer video, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice are investigating how many stars you can really see. Neil explains why the number of stars you can see might be drastically lower than you think. Find out why the Moon poses a problem for seeing stars. Neil tells us how a full Moon can wash out a good amount of visible stars. Find out more about “dark time” and “bright time” when using telescopes. We discuss how binoculars can help you see a lot more stars. We dive into the evolutionary history of our eyesight. Also, Neil gives us a way to use your fist to calculate how many stars you can see in the sky. Lastly, discover more about how Andromeda went from being what we thought was a simple nebula to an entire other galaxy. Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/startalkradio Subscribe to StarTalk: https://www.youtube.com/user/startalkradio?sub_confirmation=1 Follow StarTalk:
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Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/startalkradio/ About the prints that flank Neil in this video:
"Black Swan” & "White Swan" limited edition serigraph prints by Coast Salish artist Jane Kwatleematt Marston. For more information about this artist and her work, visit Inuit Gallery of Vancouver https://inuit.com/. About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up! #StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
Fastest Star in The Galaxy Is a Mysterious Squeezar
You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6
Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a discovery of the fastest star in the galaxy moving around the central black hole Sgr A*
Recent observation: http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13935
Older paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5afd Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job:
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Silver surfer
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xyndicate
Honey Suzanne Lyons
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10 of the Milky Way's Most Interesting Stars
An exploration of some of the Milky Way Galaxy's strangest and most unusual stars and star systems. https://www.patreon.com/johnmichaelgodier My talk show channel! https://www.youtube.com/eventhorizonshow Music: Cylinder Eight by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/ Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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How Stars Destroy Each Other
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https://tinyurl.com/yx9cusk5 Our galaxy is full of dysfunctional stellar relationships. With more than half of all stars existing in binary orbits, it’s inevitable that many stellar remnants will end up in parasitic spirals with their partners. Today we’re going to look at the worst of these - from the novae produced by white dwarfs, to X-ray binaries created by neutron stars and black holes - and much weirder things besides. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Special Thanks to our Patrons! Big Bang Supporters
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Stellar Evolution: The Life Cycle of Stars
As we become more experienced Observers, it is easy to become jaded by the stars. We use them as signposts and pointers to the “interesting” objects we have on our observing lists, and can begin to take the stars themselves for granted. It is only when we begin to understand stars and how important that they are, that we really begin to treat them as a significant part of our astronomy experience. Everything that you see in the night sky is visible to you because of light from a star. The stars themselves, nebulae, planets, moons, are visible because of starlight. Even dark nebulae are visible because they block the illumination of stars or other objects lit up by stars. Stars are born in clouds of cosmic gas and dust and provide light as a product of nuclear fusion. We exist because early generations of stars generated the elements that make up our planet and the chemical elements required for life. It is not an understatement to say that we exist because stars exist! As the author and coordinator of the Astronomical League Stellar Evolution program, Bill will explain the evolutionary paths of low and high mass stars. The League program guide includes a 27-page guide to stellar evolution, and a list of 100 objects to observe, many of which will be discussed in this fascinating presentation. Bio – Bill Pellerin was president of the Houston Astronomical Society in 2012-2013. As the author and coordinator of the ‘Stellar Evolution’ observing program for the Astronomical League. He has awarded 80 observers with a pin and certificate for completing the program (since 2013). He is the east Texas manager for the International Dark Sky Association, a member of the McDonald Observatory Board of Visitors and the American Association of Variable Star observers. He is currently active in observing R Crb type variable stars and reporting those observations to the AAVSO.
New Strange White Dwarf That Survived Its Own Supernova
You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6
Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a new discovery of a very strange white dwarf that creates more problems for astronomers than solutions.
Paper: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/496/4/4079/5860288
Picture credit: ESA, G. Nelemans, find out more about white dwarf here: https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/galactic-binaries/
Other picture: University of Warwick/Mark Garlick Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job:
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Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=DNKM9SDWU3B3Q&source=url The hardware used to record these videos:
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Barnard's Runaway Star - Fastest Moving Star in the Sky
The constellation of Ophiuchus, which is represented as a serpent-bearer, contains a fascinating star called Barnard’s Star. It has a magnitude of 9.5 which renders it invisible to the unaided eye. In the past 100 years, scientists have collected fascinating data about this star, and have even discovered evidence of an exoplanet. Barnard’s star is one of the most studied red dwarfs because of its proximity to Earth, and its proper motion is the fastest recorded in the sky. Chapters:
0:00 - Subscribe to Learn the Sky
0:38 - Intro to Barnard's Star
1:22 - Properties of Barnard's Star
2:55 - Proper Motion of Barnard's Star
3:28 - Barnard's Star b Planet
4:45 - Fast Facts about Barnard's Star
6:01 - Photo Attributes Photo Attributes:
-Artist’s Conception of a planet orbiting a red dwarf star: By NASA, ESA and G. Bacon (STScI) - Self-made JPEG version of original TIFF image at Hubble website, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1353613
-Edward Emerson Barnard Portrait: By The original uploader was SITCK at Luxembourgish Wikipedia. - Transferred from lb.wikipedia to Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3720872
-Barnard’s Star size comparison: By Marskell, Poppy, User:Richard-59 - Based on Image:Barnard'sStarSize fr.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39653456
-Barnard’s Star Movement: By Steve Quirk - http://www.hwy.com.au/~sjquirk/images/film/barnard.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1353548
-Sun’s Closest Stars: By NASA/Penn State University - http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18003 (image link), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32393431
-Super-Earth b orbiting Barnard’s Star: By ESO / M. Kornmesser - https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1837a/, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74405258 _____________________
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Supernova Blasts Star Across The Milky Way
Partial supernova blasts star across the Milky Way and we know about that thanks to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The star designated SDSS J1240+6710 managed to survive a “partial supernova” blasting itself out of its orbit with another star.
Source: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/496/4/4079/5860288 Support us on Patreon and help Cosmoknowledge become the number one destination for science: https://www.patreon.com/cosmoknowledge SUBSCRIBE ► https://goo.gl/PLLFPz
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Russell Archey
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Thousands - Cobby Costa
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Cosmoknowledge brings news from space.
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This Is The Most Distant Star Ever Seen
In 2018, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope observed the most distant star ever seen. It's 9 billion light-years from Earth. We call it Icarus. Support us on Patreon and help Cosmoknowledge become the number one destination for science: https://www.patreon.com/cosmoknowledge SUBSCRIBE ► https://goo.gl/PLLFPz
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Website ► https://cosmoknowledge.com/
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Russell Archey
https://www.ravonmedia.com/ Graphics:
Space Engine Music:
Fairy Prion - Dust Follows
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Cosmoknowledge brings news from space.
We love you, explorers!
A Massive Star Just Disappeared. No Supernova, Just Straight to Black Hole
When the largest stars die, it’s usually pretty obvious. Supernovae are visible from billions of light-years away. But recently astronomers watched a massive star just disappear. No explosion, nothing, it just… vanished? Of course, it could have been dust. It’s always dust. But one intriguing possibility is that the star just imploded directly into a black hole, without the supernova detonation. And if that’s the case, is this happening more often, we just didn’t notice it? Want to see this video early? Join our community at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/ Audio Podcast version:
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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber -
[email protected] References:
https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2010/eso2010a.pdf
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/09/05/the-suns-energy-doesnt-come-from-fusing-hydrogen-into-helium-mostly/#456b5d0670f9
https://www.eso.org/public/usa/news/eso2010/
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/collapsing-star-gives-birth-to-a-black-hole
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/12/26/direct-collapse-black-holes-may-explain-our-universes-mysterious-quasars/#1575aa7b71f0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEZu3pXAFWY