THE SUN

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a potential solution to a decades long mystery of why the Sun's corona is so much hotter than the sun itself. Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01263-2 Another: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3fb3 Press release: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/this-may-be-the-first-complete-observation-of-a-nanoflare Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: paypal.me/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath The hardware used to record these videos: New Camera: https://amzn.to/34DUUlv CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Some of the above are affiliate links, meaning I would get a (very small) percentage of the price paid. Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Morrison Waud Vlad Manshin Mark Teranishi TheHuntress Ralph Spataro Albert B. Cannon Lilith Dawn Greg Lambros adam lee Gabriel Seiffert Henry Spadoni J Carter Jer Silver surfer Konrad Kummli Nick Dolgy UnexpectedBooks.com Mario Rahmani George Williams Shinne Jakub Glos Johann Goergen Jake Salo LS Greger Lyndon Riley Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Russell Sears Vinod sethi Dave Blair Robert Wyssbrod Randal Masutani Michael Mitsuda Assaf Dar Sagol Liam Moss Timothy Welter MD Barnard Rabenold Gordon Cooper Tracy Burgess Douglas Burns Jayjay Volz Anataine Deva Kai Raphahn Sander Stols Bodo Graßmann Daniel Charles Smith Daniel G. Eugene Sandulenko gary steelman Max McNally Michael Koebel Sergio Ruelas Steven Aiello Victor Julian Castillo xyndicate Honey Suzanne Lyons Olegas Budnik Dale Andrew Darling Niji Peter Hamrak Matthew Lazear Alexander Afanasyev Anton Newman Anton Reed

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Or get a shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamath Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the major confirmation that our sun has another type of fusion going on inside of it. Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15115.pdf Older paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13702 Bethe's paper: https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.434 Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: paypal.me/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath The hardware used to record these videos: New Camera: https://amzn.to/34DUUlv CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Some of the above are affiliate links, meaning I would get a (very small) percentage of the price paid. Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Morrison Waud Vlad Manshin Mark Teranishi TheHuntress Ralph Spataro Albert B. Cannon Lilith Dawn Greg Lambros adam lee Gabriel Seiffert Henry Spadoni J Carter Jer Silver surfer Konrad Kummli Nick Dolgy UnexpectedBooks.com Mario Rahmani George Williams Shinne Jakub Glos Johann Goergen Jake Salo LS Greger Lyndon Riley Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Russell Sears Vinod sethi Dave Blair Robert Wyssbrod Randal Masutani Michael Mitsuda Assaf Dar Sagol Liam Moss Timothy Welter MD Barnard Rabenold Gordon Cooper Tracy Burgess Douglas Burns Jayjay Volz Anataine Deva Kai Raphahn Sander Stols Bodo Graßmann Daniel Charles Smith Daniel G. Eugene Sandulenko gary steelman Max McNally Michael Koebel Sergio Ruelas Steven Aiello Victor Julian Castillo xyndicate Honey Suzanne Lyons Olegas Budnik Dale Andrew Darling Niji Peter Hamrak Matthew Lazear Alexander Afanasyev Anton Newman Anton Reed

This imagery captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory shows a solar flare and a subsequent eruption of solar material that occurred over the left limb of the Sun on November 29, 2020. From its foot point over the limb, some of the light and energy was blocked from reaching Earth – a little like seeing light from a lightbulb with the bottom half covered up. Also visible in the imagery is an eruption of solar material that achieved escape velocity and moved out into space as a giant cloud of gas and magnetic fields known as a coronal mass ejection, or CME. A third, but invisible, feature of such eruptive events also blew off the Sun: a swarm of fast-moving solar energetic particles. Such particles are guided by the magnetic fields streaming out from the Sun, which, due to the Sun’s constant rotation, point backwards in a big spiral much the way water comes out of a spinning sprinkler. The solar energetic particles, therefore, emerging as they did from a part of the Sun not yet completely rotated into our view, traveled along that magnetic spiral away from Earth toward the other side of the Sun. While the solar material didn’t head toward Earth, it did pass by some spacecraft: NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, NASA’s STEREO and ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter. Equipped to measure magnetic fields and the particles that pass over them, we may be able to study fast-moving solar energetic particles in the observations once they are downloaded. These sun-watching missions are all part of a larger heliophysics fleet that help us understand both what causes such eruptions on the Sun -- as well as how solar activity affects interplanetary space, including near Earth, where they have the potential to affect astronauts and satellites. Music: "Beautiful Awesome" from Universal Production Music Video credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Scott Wiessinger (USRA): Lead Producer Tom Bridgman (GST): Lead Visualizer Karen Fox (ADNET): Lead Science Writer Scott Wiessinger (USRA): Video Editor This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13778 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc

Everything you ever wanted to know about observing the Sun safely, from DIY projects costing just a few pounds to specialised solar telescopes. Now we are out of solar minimum, the Sun will have more going on and more to look at. This talk will take you through the various ways to observe the sun without burning your retinas or frying your telescope. We’ll dip our toes into some solar science and learn about the features you can observe.

Have you ever wondered what the sun is made of? Dr. Cecilia Payne-Gaposhkin wondered that, too, and she used science to figure out the answer! Find out how she did that and more about her amazing life and discoveries! Standards: Scientists search for cause and effect relationships to explain natural events. (2-PS1-4) ---------- Love SciShow Kids and want to help support it? Become a Patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow If you have a question for Jessi, Squeaks, and Mister Brown you can write to them here: https://forms.gle/SENBjH9szoLGfrRC9 ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishowkids Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishowkids Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow SOURCES: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2002.43127.x https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9179 https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00509-3 https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201501/physicshistory.cfm https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/cecilia-payne-profile https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cecilia-payne-gaposchkin-revealed-stars-composition-broke-gender-barriers

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In pursuit of understanding why the Sun's atmosphere is so much hotter than the surface, and to help differentiate between a host of theories about what causes this heating, researchers turn to NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) mission. IRIS was finely tuned with a high-resolution imager to zoom in on specific hard-to-see events on the Sun. A paper published in Nature on Sept. 21, 2020, reports on the first ever clear images of nanojets — bright, thin lights that travel perpendicular to magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere called the corona — in a process that reveals the existence of one of the potential coronal heating candidates: nanoflares. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Scientist: Patrick Antolin (Northumbria University) Data Visualizer: Tom Bridgman (GST) Producer: Joy Ng (USRA) Writer: Susannah Darling (ADNET)

A new model has been able to predict solar flares with up to about 20 hours of warning, and our galaxy is farting blobs of cold gas inside the Fermi Bubbles! Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Bd_Tmprd, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, Katie Marie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6503/587 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6503/504 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-08/nu-rtd081920.php https://astronomy.com/news/2020/07/astronomers-develop-new-method-for-predicting-explosive-solar-flares https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ab2e12 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2595-z https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-08/anu-mgd081820.php Images: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13527 https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/240748.php https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/main https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4491 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10688 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Place_to_Unveil_the_Mysteries_of_the_Cold_Universe.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13483

There are 5 major discoveries the Parker Solar Probe made on the Sun. Parker's discoveries include evidence for a dust-free zone around the Sun, hearing the sounds of the solar wind and dust particles, magnetic switchbacks, and small-scale flares and space weather. Parker Solar Probe even discovered the debris trail of the asteroid Phaethon that produces the Geminid meteor shower every December, and made detailed images of comet NEOWISE. 00:00 Start 02:49 Evidence for a Dust-Free Zone 05:02 Parker Hears the Turbulence of the Solar Wind 08:00 Magnetic Switchbacks 10:26 The Atmosphere and Solar Wind Rotate Farther from the Sun Than Thought 12:26 Small Flares and Space Weather 14:47 Cool Things Parker Detected in Our Solar System That Aren't the Sun 🔔 Subscribe for more: https://www.youtube.com/christianready?sub_confirmation=1 🖖 Share this video with a fellow space traveler: https://youtu.be/_kywlUtQfKw 🔴 Watch my most recent upload: https://goo.gl/QbRcE2 🚀 Help me improve the channel by joining the community on Patreon https://patreon.com/launchpadastro 🚀 Check out Launch Pad merchandise! https://teespring.com/stores/launchpadastro Disclaimer: Some of these links go to one of my websites and some are affiliate links where I'll earn a small commission if you make a purchase at no additional cost to you. 🧭 References: Sounds of the Solar Wind: https://soundcloud.com/jhu-apl/sets/sounds-of-the-solar-wind Bale, S. D. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1818-7 (2019). Howard, R. A. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1807-x (2019). Kasper, J. C. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1813-z (2019). McComas, D. J. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1811-1 (2019). ✅ Let's connect: For business inquiries - chris AT christianready DOT com Twitter - @launchpadastro Instagram - @launchpadastro Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/LaunchPadAstronomy/ Discord - https://discord.gg/yChAuUe 📭 c/o Christian Ready P.O. Box 66 Westminster, MD 21158 United States Earth

The Night Sky - "Fantastic Voyage: A Photon's Journey from the Heart of the Sun" In this episode of The Night Sky Darrell Heath explains what takes place in the core of the Sun. ualr.edu/tv

Go to http://brilliant.org/DrBecky and sign up for free. The first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual premium subscription. In 2009 the IBEX satellite detected an excess of atoms reflected back from a particular spot at the edge of the solar system that originally came from the Sun. To this day this echo, dubbed the "IBEX ribbon" is unexplained. Could it be something to do with the Milky Way's magnetic field? Or something more sinister that might affect future human exploration of the solar system? McComas et al. (2009) - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/326/5955/959.full.pdf?casa_token=OD9bca--ij0AAAAA:-waCF2RMYhGOf6dvR05Pdc38d_Oi0KjsdfgO6qN9rmTp_V-G1WQipado3KZsAAz502B5AgURVJDf3Q Heerikhuisen + (2010) - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/708/2/L126/pdf Schwadron & McComas (2013) - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/92/pdf Grzedzielski et al. (2010)- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L84/pdf (public; https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.3917.pdf) -- The artwork in the background is a scientifically accurate map showing the orbits of more than 18000 asteroids in the Solar System, created by Eleanor Lutz. Find out more and buy one here: https://eleanorlutz.com/mapping-18000-asteroids --- 🔔 Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! ---- 📚 My book: "Space at the speed of light" is now available in the USA & Canada! Order your copy here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/635406/space-at-the-speed-of-light-by-dr-becky-smethurst/ 📚 For anywhere else in the world you can buy my book here (Space: 10 Things You Should Know - same book, different title) here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky --- 🔭 Royal Astronomical Society podcast that I’m co-hosting 😱 🥳- podfollow.com/supermassive --- 📹 Dr. Becky also presents videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbolsand Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos --- 👩🏽‍💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com https://rebeccasmethurst.co.uk

Just like terrestrial storms, solar storms throughout the solar system and indeed, here on Earth. Impacts are wide-ranging, including the beautiful (e.g., the stunning auroral light shows) to the threatening (causing power grid failures and satellite destruction). Like Earth meteorology, we need to predict this space weather. However, space weather prediction lags its terrestrial counterpart by 50 years. Machine learning can help. Building on the work of past FDL teams, and using datasets from NASA’s Heliophysics System Observatory, as well as ground-based observatories, this FDL team will attempt to develop a machine learning model that will lead to a robust tool for predicting solar weather. Meet the team: Banafsheh Ferdousi (University of New Hampshire), Panagiotis (Panos) Tigas (Oxford University), Téo Bloch (University of Reading, U.K.) and Vishal Upendran (Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, India)

ESA’s Solar Orbiter spacecraft has sent back its first images of the Sun. At 77 million kilometres from the surface, this is the closest a camera has ever flown to our nearest star. The pictures reveal features on the Sun’s exterior that have never been seen in detail before. Launched on 10 February 2020, the spacecraft completed its commissioning phase and first close-approach to the Sun in mid-June. Since then, science teams have been processing and examining this early data. The spacecraft is currently in its cruise phase, on its way to Venus, but will eventually get even closer to the Sun. Learn more: https://bit.ly/SolarOrbitersFirstImages ★ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ESAsubscribe and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: http://bit.ly/SpaceInVideos Follow us on Twitter: http://bit.ly/ESAonTwitter On Facebook: http://bit.ly/ESAonFacebook On Instagram: http://bit.ly/ESAonInstagram On Flickr: http://bit.ly/ESAonFlickr We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Terms_and_Conditions #ESA #SolarOrbiter #TheSunUpClose

Space Operations Engineer Vinita Marwaha Madill explains how the ESA/NASA mission SOHO is studying the Sun's nature and behaviour. It has also helped discover thousands of comets, finding a new one every 2 to 3 days. Many found by amateur astronomers using the SOHO website.

This Space Weather News forecast sponsored in part by Millersville University: https://www.millersville.edu/swen This week our Sun continues to keep us on our toes, albeit with subdued activity. We have a partly Earth-directed solar storm on its way that should graze Earth around the 27th. This storm might be intensified by some fast solar wind that should follow. However, it is doubtful any storming will be strong enough to cause much of a disturbance. Any aurora will likely be sporadic and only at high latitudes, so aurora photographers shouldnt get too excited. Also, a couple of promising bright regions have fizzled on the frontside of the Sun, resulting in the solar flux dipping back into the high 60s. Unfortunately, this means poor radio propagation on Earth's dayside, which is sad news for those emergency radio operators participating in the ARRL field day this weekend. The best news though is for GPS users, as the weak storming and low solar flux means GPS reception should be decent all over the globe. Learn the details of the grazing solar storm, the long, snake-like filament that didnt erupt, and what else our Sun has in store this week. Want early access to these forecasts, tutorials on Space Weather, & more? Visit: https://patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman For daily and often hourly updates (during active times) visit me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TamithaSkov For a more in-depth look at the data and images highlighted in this video see these links below. Solar Imaging and Analysis: SDO: http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ Helioviewer: http://www.helioviewer.org/ Flare Analysis: http://www.lmsal.com/solarsoft/latest_events/ Computer Aided CME Tracking CACTUS: http://www.sidc.oma.be/cactus/out/latestCMEs.html GOES Xray: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/rt_plots/xray_1m.html SOHO: http://sohodata.nascom.nasa.gov/ Stereo: http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ GONG magnetic field synoptic movie: https://gong.nso.edu/data/magmap/standard_movie.html GONG magnetic field synoptic charts: http://gong.nso.edu/data/magmap/ LMSAL Heliophysics Events HEK http://www.lmsal.com/isolsearch Solar Wind: DISCOVR solar wind: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/real-time-solar-wind ACE Solar Wind: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ace-real-time-solar-wind NASA ENLIL SPIRAL: https://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov/IswaSystemWebApp/iSWACygnetStreamer?timestamp=2038-01-23+00%3A44%3A00&window=-1&cygnetId=261 NOAA ENLIL SPIRAL: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/wsa-enlil-solar-wind-prediction Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, Atmosphere: GOES Magnetometer: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/goes-magnetometer Ionosphere D-Region Absorption (DRAP) model: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap/ Auroral Oval Ovation Products: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast Global 3-hr Kp index: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index Wing Kp index prediction: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/wing-kp USGS Ground Magnetometers: http://geomag.usgs.gov/realtime/ USGS Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst): http://geomag.usgs.gov/realtime/dst/ NAIRAS Radiation Storm Model: http://sol.spacenvironment.net/raps_ops/current_files/globeView.html Multi-Purpose Space Environment Sites: NOAA/SWPC: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov SOLARHAM: http://www.solarham.net/index.htm Spaceweather: http://spaceweather.com iSWA: http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov/iswa/iSWA.html Definition of Geomagnetic Storm, Radiation Storm, and Radio Blackout Levels: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/ None of this would be possible without the hard work and dedication of those who have provided all of this data for public use. Images c/o NASA/ESA/CSA (most notably the superb SDO, SOHO, ACE, STEREO, CCMC, JPL & DSN teams, amazing professionals, hobbyists, institutions, organizations, agencies and amateurs such as those at the USAF/HAARP, NICT, NOAA, USGS, Environment Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Intellicast, Catatania, rice.edu, wisc.edu, sonoma.edu ucalgary.ca, rssi.ru, ohio-state.edu, solen.info, and more. Thanks for making Space Weather part of our every day dialogue.

NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory has been capturing imagery of the Sun for over 10 years. Watch views from June 2010 to June 2020 in this epic timelapse. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center / mash mix by Space.com's Steve Spaleta (http://www.twitter.com/stevespaleta)

The Copernican Principle has been with us for centuries. It broadly states that "we are typical" but increasingly we are beginning to question this doctrine. One famous push back is the Rare Earth hypothesis, but testing this idea will take generations. What about our Sun? Surely here we should have a better understanding as to whether our star is typical or not. Join us as we discuss why the Sun might be more special than Copernicus ever imagined. Written and presented by Prof Kipping This video is based on research conducted at the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University, New York. You can now support our research program directly here: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support *Correction, Copernicus was Polish! Thank-you to Kevin Clark, Denny Smith, Stephanie Hackley, Kolos Kantor for their support and especially to Executive Producers Tom Widdowson, Laura Sanborn & Mark Sloan. References ► Ward & Brownlee, 2010, Rare Earth, Copernicus (Göttingen) ► Gilliland et al., 2010, Kepler Mission Stellar and Instument Noise Properties, ApJS, 197, 6: https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.5207 ► Maehara et al., 2012, Superflares on solar-type stars, Nature, 485, 478: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11063 ► Tu et al., 2020, Superflares on solar-type stars from the first year observation of TESS, ApJ, 890, 46: https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11572 ► Reinhold et al., 2020, The Sun is less active than other solar-like stars, Science, 368, 518: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01401 ► Eric Mamajek spectral classifications: http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/EEM_dwarf_UBVIJHK_colors_Teff.txt ► Kroupa, 2002, The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems, Science, 295, 82: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0201098 Video materials ► Earth video credit to NASA/ESA/M.Kornmesser: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/earth_2015_4k/ ► Galaxies fly through Sloan SDSS/BOSS/Berkeley Lab: https://youtu.be/08LBltePDZw ► Flying into a galaxy by أحمد الحسيني: https://youtu.be/szD1Eb_JpSs ► Flying through stars by Wilson Blindado: https://youtu.be/lhSJGlgR0UI ► HD 85512b animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1134b/ ► DSCOVR/EPIC/BlueTurn Earth timelapse: https://youtu.be/UZOOL3kYU9k ► K2-18b ESA/Hubble/M. Kornmesser: https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1916a/ ► Milky Way animation by Stefan Payne-Wardenaar: https://vimeo.com/330625918 ► Proxima animation by [email protected] Arecibo/ESO: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1629f/ ► Stellar granulation video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: https://www.su.se/isf/research/gallery/movies/2017 ► Sunspot video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: https://www.su.se/isf/research/gallery/movies/2010 ► Solar prominence by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO: https://youtu.be/PBL1RBj-P1g ► Fiery loop by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11168 ► Charon fly over by NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Lunar and Planetary Institute: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/905/flyover-pluto-moon-charon/ ► HST animations by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20314 ► Transit animation by ESA: https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia/-/58789-detecting-exoplanets-with-the-transit-method ► Inside the Sun by SpaceRip: https://youtu.be/inuCAqj8UgQ ► DKIST video: https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/first-light-cropped-field-movie/ ► Sun timelapse by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO/S. Wiessinger: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=12144 ► GJ 1214b animation by ESO/L. Calçada: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1047a/ ► Sunset by ZH Media: https://youtu.be/STAVSfpayJQ Movies/TV scenes used ► Sunshine (2007)/Fox Searchlight Pictures Music All music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ► Cylinder Four by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ ► Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ ► We Were Never Meant to Live Here by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/ ► "Painted Deserts" by Shimmer, licensed through SoundStripe.com: https://app.soundstripe.com/songs/9913 ► Stories About The World That Once Was by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/ ► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/honor/ Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Cool Worlds Long Form Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsEssays #IsTheSunUnusual #RareSun #CoolWorlds

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Welcome to my channel! I'm Dr Maggie Lieu and I make youtube videos about space & astronomy. In this weeks video, I'll be talking about the most energetic events in our Universe. Extra reading: GRB080916C, Fermi Collaboration: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/rapidpdf/1169101.pdf Ophiuchus cluster AGN outburst, Giacintucci+2020: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.01291 Media credits: Solo: ESA/SOLO/ATG solarflare: ESA supernova: hubble Milkyway: NASA/ESA/Holwerda If you enjoyed the video, please help me by liking, sharing and subscribing! I'm also on: twitter: https://twitter.com/space_mog instagram: https://instagram.com/space_mog/ facebook: https://facebook.com/spacemog/

This Space Weather News forecast sponsored in part by Millersville University: https://www.millersville.edu/swen This week our star begins to look like it did back during more active times. We have multiple new cycle bright regions both Earthside and farside that are firing mini-solar flares and solar storms. In fact, one region on the farside just launched a large solar storm so we will keep an eye on it as it rotates into Earthview over this next week. We also have a small coronal hole rotating into the Earth-strike zone and it could bring some small pockets of fast solar wind causing weak aurora shows, especially at high latitudes. Solar flux stays in the marginal range this week on Earth's dayside while GPS/GNSS reception continues to look good all over the globe. See details of this new activity and learn about the serendipitous encounter between the disintegrating Comet ATLAS and Solar Orbiter and where both ATLAS and SWAN will be in the sky this week. Want early access to these forecasts, tutorials on Space Weather, & more? Visit: https://patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman For daily and often hourly updates (during active times) visit me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TamithaSkov For a more in-depth look at the data and images highlighted in this video see these links below. Solar Imaging and Analysis: SDO: http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ Helioviewer: http://www.helioviewer.org/ Flare Analysis: http://www.lmsal.com/solarsoft/latest_events/ Computer Aided CME Tracking CACTUS: http://www.sidc.oma.be/cactus/out/latestCMEs.html GOES Xray: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/rt_plots/xray_1m.html SOHO: http://sohodata.nascom.nasa.gov/ Stereo: http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ GONG magnetic field synoptic movie: https://gong.nso.edu/data/magmap/standard_movie.html GONG magnetic field synoptic charts: http://gong.nso.edu/data/magmap/ LMSAL Heliophysics Events HEK http://www.lmsal.com/isolsearch Solar Wind: DISCOVR solar wind: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/real-time-solar-wind ACE Solar Wind: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ace-real-time-solar-wind NASA ENLIL SPIRAL: https://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov/IswaSystemWebApp/iSWACygnetStreamer?timestamp=2038-01-23+00%3A44%3A00&window=-1&cygnetId=261 NOAA ENLIL SPIRAL: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/wsa-enlil-solar-wind-prediction Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, Atmosphere: GOES Magnetometer: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/goes-magnetometer Ionosphere D-Region Absorption (DRAP) model: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap/ Auroral Oval Ovation Products: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast Global 3-hr Kp index: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index Wing Kp index prediction: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/wing-kp USGS Ground Magnetometers: http://geomag.usgs.gov/realtime/ USGS Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst): http://geomag.usgs.gov/realtime/dst/ NAIRAS Radiation Storm Model: http://sol.spacenvironment.net/raps_ops/current_files/globeView.html Multi-Purpose Space Environment Sites: NOAA/SWPC: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov SOLARHAM: http://www.solarham.net/index.htm Spaceweather: http://spaceweather.com iSWA: http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov/iswa/iSWA.html Definition of Geomagnetic Storm, Radiation Storm, and Radio Blackout Levels: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/ None of this would be possible without the hard work and dedication of those who have provided all of this data for public use. Images c/o NASA/ESA/CSA (most notably the superb SDO, SOHO, ACE, STEREO, CCMC, JPL & DSN teams, amazing professionals, hobbyists, institutions, organizations, agencies and amateurs such as those at the USAF/HAARP, NICT, NOAA, USGS, Environment Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Intellicast, Catatania, rice.edu, wisc.edu, sonoma.edu ucalgary.ca, rssi.ru, ohio-state.edu, solen.info, and more. Thanks for making Space Weather part of our every day dialogue.