UNIVERSE TODAY

In this week's QA, I present real pictures of the whole Earth, not some fake CGI, and wonder if Jupiter could be used as a gravitational lens for a space telescope. https://epic.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://electro.ntsomz.ru/en/ https://china.huanqiu.com/article/2018-06/12257903.html 00:28 Real pictures of Earth? 02:37 Build a mega telescope in space? 03:29 Catching the Voyagers 04:44 Jupiter gravitational lens 06:42 Is Opportunity going to make it? 07:44 YouTube Red? 08:16 Born too late? 10:17 Colonizing Mars will be tough 12:03 Different sized stars 13:32 Self aware universe 14:54 Light pollution map 15:36 A light year finglonger Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Hey everyone, I'm going to be doing a Live Q&A today. No guest this week, so it'll just be me.

In this week's questions show, I explain how we now where gravitational waves are coming from, will there be planets around a white dwarf, what does it feel like where the space station is getting boosted, and if I'm an arrogant fool. 01:11 Gravitational wave directions 03:36 White dwarf planets 04:59 Antimatter farts 05:45 Our time in the Universe 07:51 Boosting the space station 08:57 Why am I an arrogant fool 12:06 Why do stars and planets look the same 15:05 Can the Grand Tour happen again 16:48 Best place for Martian fossils 18:45 Getting into astrophotography 22:46 Space dogfighting 25:08 Put Hubble in a museum Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The Hubble Space Telescope has been in space for 28 years, producing some of the most beautiful and scientifically important images of the cosmos that humanity has ever taken. But let’s face it, Hubble is getting old, and it probably won’t be with us for too much longer. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is in the final stages of testing, and WFIRST is waiting in the wings. You’ll be glad to know there are even more space telescopes in the works, a set of four powerful instruments in design right now, which will be part of the next Decadal Survey, and helping to answer the most fundamental questions about the cosmos. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/784_Planetary_Science_Decadal_2013-2022.pdf https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/2130/coronagraph-explanation-2-minutes/ http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1417/ https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1407/new-planet-imager-delivers-first-science/ https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1404/a-four-planet-system-in-orbit-directly-imaged-and-remarkable/ https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/1015/flower-power-nasa-reveals-spring-starshade-animation/ https://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/lynx/ http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/55111-the-hot-and-energetic-universe/ https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/firs/ https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/

For this week's live QA, I'll be joined by Dr. Nicole Gugliucci, a professor and radio astronomer. You can find out more about her on Twitter at https://twitter.com/NoisyAstronomer

Space is the worst. It’s got hostile radiation, a total lack of atmosphere, near absolute zero temperatures, problematic gravity wells, and worse. In order to keep your spacecraft alive in that environment, you need electricity to keep it warm. Not to mention all the power to run scientific instruments and the transmitters to send that data home. Getting enough power in space is a big problem. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/solar_arrays-about.html http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/05/30_efficiency_solar_cell https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/technology/is_severe_environments.html https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/voyager-mission-anniversary-rtg-radioisotope-thermoelectric-generator/ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4818 https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=distance+to+voyager+1+in+light+hours https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft/instruments/rtg/ https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mep/MMRTG_Jan2008.pdf https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/19/17138924/nasa-discovery-program-radioisotope-thermoelectric-generators-plutonium-238 http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=51241 http://www.businessinsider.com/nuclear-powered-satellites-space-2016-3 https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ns_kilopower_fs_180111.pdf http://www.nnl.co.uk/media/1921/nnl-tech-conference-15-fcs-zara-hodgson.pdf http://fly.historicwings.com/2013/01/the-nuclear-disaster-of-kosmos-954/ https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/kilopower/

In this week's questions show, I talk about entry level telescopes, why we can see galaxies billions of light years away but not objects on the Moon, and why events that won't happen billions of years into the future still make us kind of sad. 00:40 Good starter telescope 02:10 Is Fraser ignorant or stupid?! 02:45 Why can't we zoom into the Moon? 05:23 Mysteriously unsubscribed from the channel 06:22 Orbit first or land directly? 07:56 How does laser propulsion work? 09:55 Is the Universe practically finite? 10:51 Stop saying anything's impossible. 12:26 Interstellar civilization is impractical. 14:49 Deep future makes me sad. 17:15 Will Laniakea be in our Local Group? 18:39 Are we still trapped if we invent warp drives? Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

This time Dr. Paul Sutter and I will be traveling to the wilds of Costa Rica to see volcanoes, wildlife, and of course, a stunning night sky. Find out more about the trip and put in your deposit here: https://www.astrotours.co/costarica

Paul was busy last week, but now he's ready to join me for an hour answering your mind bending questions about space and astronomy. Bring all your complex questions about dark matter, black holes and the Big Bang and he'll sort it all out. Check out Paul's channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBr7XOxxQyBHEwqkhoci7vw

Humans are believed to be the most technologically advanced civilization that’s ever set foot on Earth, or really anywhere in the Solar System. But are we the first? Could there have been an advanced civilization that walked the Earth millions or even billions of years ago, and then died out long ago, their technology and structures lost to the eons. And how could we know? Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.07263.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03748.pdf https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/are-we-earths-only-civilization/557180/ https://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.1212.pdf

In this week's questions show, astronaut Mike Massimino answers a question about astronaut training, I wonder how we could survive if the Sun dies, and explain why the shuttle's fuel tank was orange. Watch the full interview with Mike Massimino on the Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F20jl3XTArM Buy Mike's book: https://www.amazon.com/Spaceman-Astronauts-Unlikely-Journey-Universe/dp/1536629243 Watch One Strange Rock: http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/one-strange-rock/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Emma Dogtuin Can we still live if the sun dies? Nicholas Bolding Let's assume something catastrophic happens and essentially stops any and all supply missions to the ISS how long approximately could they live for? And what would happen first, asphyxiation, starvation, thirst or something else? Richard Price Hi again Fraser, I've asked you this before but you may not have seen it, why was the main fuel tank on the first launch of the space shuttle white and why did it change to the brown colour later on? This has been bugging me for years! Great channel by the way.....thanks. Lluís Teixidó How big was the Universe before the Cosmic MIcrowave Background? (aprox. 380.000 years after the Big Bang?). How come we constantly get photons from that moment? Shouldn't we expect to see a stop of the flow of photons from the moment the universe became transparent some time in the future? PossibleCinema I`m wondering what do you think about the moral/ethical implications of our species conducting a self-induced panspermia by, for example, sending thousands of probes with organic materials to exoplanets with known habitable zones, in order to potentially kickstart life there? If plausible, what do you think about this type of impregnation of the universe by us? Such "pollution" is bad when you look for other examples of life but what about giving a better chance for life to thrive, taking the next billions of years into the account? Keep up the great work! Thanks! Connor Paller You’re just feeding flat earthers. They’ll take so much of this so far out of context it’s not even funny Gabriel R The planets travel on a flattish disk but I’ve seen the Oort Cloud portrayed as Spherical. Why the difference of shape? boycot gugle Question: When there is an active galactic nucleus/quasar with lots of stuff falling in and piling up, will the layers closest to the black hole be made up of neutronium or even "quark star core matter", if that exists? Will layers a bit further out do nuclear fusion? Evolution Inc. Hey, I recently listened to Ringworld, and I'm just wondering, is such a large structure possible to build, and if we could, would it be stable? Astro B Hi Fraser 🙂 You often talk about moving Heavy Industry into space to cut polution and damage on Earth. Surely this is unachievable because of the huge difficulty of moving heavy stuff out of Earth's gravity well. Guest Question Grant Lanning Do we even have trained astronauts for lunar or mars missions? By this I mean astronauts with geology and structural engineering backgrounds to study this new environments to make the paths for future more experimental based scientific astronauts. This was kind of the error we made before when going to the moon, we sent test pilots, who were incredibly brave and I don't want to sound like I'm putting what they did down in any sense, but what more could we have learned had the first man to walk on the moon been a geologists or any kind of planetary scientist instead.

In my opinion, Eric Berger (aka @sciguyspace) is one of the top journalists working on stories about spaceflight, especially SpaceX, Blue Origins and NASA. Eric will join me live to answer your questions about the state of private and public space exploration. Check out his Twitter feed to see more of his coverage: https://twitter.com/SciGuySpace

The observable Universe is finite, which means there are limits to what we can see, now and deep into the future. Dr. Paul Sutter joins Fraser to talk about the various cosmological horizons that surround us. Check out Paul's channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBr7XOxxQyBHEwqkhoci7vw Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

I was originally going to have Dr. Paul Sutter here as a guest this week, but something came up, so I'll be solo. Come join me live to talk about what's happening in space and astronomy.

In this week's questions show, the viewers try to suggest names for balloon rockets. Could live from Venus escaped to Earth? Is the Fermi Paradox really a paradox when we've only explored a little bit of the galaxy? And More Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Omar Ismail Hi Fraiser. Do you think its possible for intelligent life to have started out on venus when the sun was cooler and it had liquid water and as it heated up been forced to move to earth as the runaway greenhouse effect took hold and theres no remnants of it coz of the pressure and heat? YX Yang Come on, you can’t just call it a paradox when you only examined 0.000017% of the galaxy. Jim Becker Fraser: I just read your article in Universe Today titled "Breathing lunar dust could give astronauts bronchitis and even lung cancer" and would like to know if those same conditions could cause problems for astronauts that go to Mars ? Rudi von Staden Why not have caesar dock with ISS to return the sample? Seems having the sample packaged in a separate reentry vehicle is both risky and expensive. Or would the physics of matching the velocities of caesar and the ISS be too complicated? Michael Arsenault Can we grab asteroids and bring them back to earth for a controlled entry to a desert somewhere? Or is this too dangerous due to contamination of the atmosphere? Roxane Urmanski I really love your Q&A episodes; I learn all sorts of things I've never thought of. Anyways, of all the videos I've seen about humans living on Mars, I don't think it's ever been mentioned that they need some sort of plan for the moons. What will happen when Diemos leaves and Phobos smashes into Mars? eric thatcher Hi Fraser, Great vids as usual. If we wanted to terraform Venues using an asteroid to create a global winter how big would it need to be. Also might need to speed up it rotation to create an earth like environment. White Dinosaur Why not launch from a high mountain ? ozdergecko Yesterday (!) Greg&Mitch (ASAPscience) gave the actual estimated numbers on incoming and outgoing matter. It's 40,000 metric tons in and 95,000 out. Twirlip Of The Mists I don't get the interest in lava tubes. More work and more exotic technology are needed than just digging a trench, dropping a hab into the trench, and covering the trench. Even a gigantic trench is easier. Safer, too. Lava tubes will make good short term (weeks, months) campsites for explorers who can't bring bulldozers. Better to build permanent sites from scratch. Star Butterfly How far does gravity reach? Am i correct to believe it's infinite? Say we had an empty non moving universe. If we were to place two galaxies say 20 billion light years apart with no motion in relation to one another would they eventually over billions or trillions of years drift closer together? Casey Chapman Finally... It’s good to hear someone else state what I’ve been saying for years! Why spend all the effort climbing out of your home gravity well, just to throw yourself into another, probably less hospitable one?!? You want humanity to spread out, start mass production of O’Neil cylinders with material mind from the moon and asteroids. I figure that that’ll give us a better backup than planting bucketloads of people on Mars. Go to Mars, to explore and search for signs of past or present life, but do it from orbit using telepresence. Hell, build a giant spacecraft with a rotating section, a NIRVA or VASIMR engine and a few hundred scientists aboard to explore the entire solar system... it’s five year mission to seek out new life and new civi... (ummm comets?) to boldly go were on one has gone before! (Except a few robotic missions of course!) Sorry... geek moment.

People always ask me why we’re stuck with chemical rockets. Seriously, exploding a bunch of hydrogen or kerosene is the best we can do? Good news, there are other, exotic science fiction-sounding propulsion systems out there which use electromagnetic fields to accelerate atoms, allowing their spacecraft to accelerate for months at a time. I’m talking about ion engines, of course, and several spacecraft have already used these exotic thrusters to perform some of the most amazing missions in the exploration of the Solar System. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: http://www.spacex.com/falcon9 https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/Ion_Propulsion1.html https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=272 https://www.space.com/38444-mars-thruster-design-breaks-records.html http://m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/World-first_firing_of_air-breathing_electric_thruster

This week I'll be joined by Dr. Alan Stern and Dr. David Grinspoon, the co-authors of "Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto". Join us live and ask them your questions about the New Horizons Mission and Pluto.

When we look out into space, are we really just seeing stars, planets and galaxies which are long dead, ghosts from eons ago? Can black holes consume dark matter? Can we repair Kepler and other dead satellites, and more. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

President Trump recently called for the creation of a space force to deal with the future warfighting in space. It turns out, this already exists, space is already well militarized. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Time for another live QA event, this time with sci-fi author and futurist John Michael Godier. Check out JMG's channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEszlI8-W79IsU8LSAiRbDg Join us live, ask us your questions about space, astronomy and the future that awaits us all.

In this week's questions show, Fraser wonders if lava tubes are stable, the best places to extract resources from the Solar System, and why the US has to pay for everyone's science. Emily Lakdawalla's Blog http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/ Book link https://www.amazon.com/Design-Engineering-Curiosity-Performs-Springer/dp/3319681443/ Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 SnowToad MY TWO FAVORITE SPACE CHANNELS! Clim hazzard Are lava tubes generally considered to be stable enough for something like a colony? Would they need to be reinforced? Yassen2828 Hey Fraser! How likely is it for a rogue planet not bound to a star to intersect our solar system without us detecting it? cliff marsden Couldn't we use a massive lifting balloon filled with hydrogen to get spacecraft high into the atmosphere, then use the hydrogen as fuel for the next stage to leave Earth Disasterina What is the easiest place in the solar system from which to extract resources? The Venusian clouds, the lunar regolith, the Martian polar caps, you get the idea. A Knight that says Nee I've heard that our planet is gaining weight every year, due to asteroids. Is this true, and what is the consequences? Besides never getting a date, married, and thus, no rings. Jim Becker Fraser: I was watching part of your telecast titled "Astronomy Cast 488: Dark Energy, 2018 Edition" and I have to ask "why does it seem that it is up to the U.S. to pay for all (90%) of these telescopes and research tools looking for things that the World scientist seem to want ? It seemed like I kept hearing "well Trump blocked this or Trump doesn't want that", why can't the rest of the world pay for their share of the research tools ? HeadlessHorsemanMC Hey Frazier why do you seem to only talk about space x and not blue origin? Peter Van Gemert Deep Space Gateway is a rip off-for the US tax-payer. This thing serves no purpose. Go to Mars. Stop wasting time and money. Mosern1977 Question that popped into brain: What powers the enormous storms on Jupiter - the entire planet is a giant storm, where is the power to run that coming from? RhetoricalQuestion Does curiosity send back raw data or it processes and identify the minerals before sending back?

The European Space Agency just dropped an enormous amount of data onto the scientific community. The location and position of 1.7 billion stars in the Milky Way. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: http://sci.esa.int/gaia/60169-gaia-s-sky-in-colour/ http://sci.esa.int/gaia/58209-gaia-s-first-sky-map/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZfFdCknTQc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgE3bHLFqOw https://m.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/04/Rotation_of_the_Large_Magellanic_Cloud2

Since you seem to be enjoying these, I've scheduled another live event for Monday. This week's guest will be CodyDon Reeder from the amazing channel Cody's Lab. Check out Cody's channel, and prepare your questions for him: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw If you can't attend live, I just want to remind you that I make these available as podcasts. You can subscribe by going to: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 Or subscribe with: https://www.universetoday.com/audio.xml

In this week's episode, Fraser talks about how you can support the creators you love, why NASA doesn't make duplicates of its spacecraft, and what binoculars he's using. Astronomy Binoculars: https://www.celestron.com/collections/astronomy-binoculars Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 GURU OF TECHNOLOGIES You make awesome videos but why you have very less subscriber.....I think you must have more subscribers ..🙁😉😁 Basile Collard @Fraser Cain Why do NASA never launch multiple time the same satellite/space telescope? It look like they develop everything from the ground up each time :/ Jo Thi Hi Fraser, you mentioned your binoculars are 15x70. What's the brand/model? Jordan SA Why is repairing the reaction wheels not an option? Mt Drew Habitable exoplanets we find today may not be habitable NOW. Some are thousands of light years away and a lot could've happened by the time its light reaches us 🙁 Eric Drafahl Great video! Is TESS going to use gyroscopes to reorient itself or another mechanism? Marijn fly What about exo-sunspots? How can they tell these apart from transiting planets? Charles E Bright Hello love this channel and I have learned alot. When do you believe when we will get the first clear picture of a planet outside our solar system? Christopher Blackman Hi Fraser. How feasible is it that a probe could hitch a ride on Halley's Comet in 2062 (if we're still here then)? Or would it even be worth trying? Thanks eric thatcher Hi Fraser love the video's. In the 80's cartoon Thundar the Barbarian a run away asteroid passes between earth and the moon and causes world havoc could this really happen? Cadeyrn Dragheim I have a question, could there be another galaxy really close to us that might hit us in the next 100 million or so ye

You've been asking for it, so let's do a live conversation with my sometimes collaborator, Isaac Arthur. We'll chat about the future and answer your questions about space, astronomy and human's future in space. Isaac Arthur's YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZFipeZtQM5CKUjx6grh54g Website: https://www.isaacarthur.net/ Centauri Dreams: https://www.centauri-dreams.org/ Podcast Edition: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 Or subscribe with: https://www.universetoday.com/audio.xml

In this week's questions show, Fraser gets excited about the NIAC awards, considers how NASA will deal with a fully operational BFR, and a special guest answer from Professor David Kipping from Columbia University's Cool Worlds lab. Subscribe to Cool Worlds https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGHZpIpAWJQ-Jy_CeCdXhMA Astrobites - https://astrobites.org/ Astro-ph - https://arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph/Astrophysics Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 JanJorre Laurens Hi Fraser, Thanks for all the hard work and great show. I just had a random question and thought of you: Recently, astrophysics discovered that a lot of the really heavy elements (for example gold) are created in neutron star collisions (if memory serves). Could a potential solution to the fermi paradox be that there havent been enough of these collisions for earlier civilisations to have been able to discover / invent space technologies? I.e. gold can be very usefull in electronics. Maybe earlier civilisations didnt have the materials needed to reach the electronic age and are stuck in an earlier age due to a lack of resources / elements on the home planet? Steven Utter The laaava. You say it as if you're about to say Llama. Taner Ali I think it will be awesome if you make a video (or two) about the 2018 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts awards. They are always very interesting and you manage to convey complex information very well, keep up the good work and thanks! Predrag Bubalo If there are open vents and geysers of water breaking through the surface on Europa, why the need to drill through the kilometres of ice? Couldn't the probes gain access to the water through these vents and geysers? Jeffrey Gould Hello Fraser,Since some white dwarfs and neutron stars have been found to spin at incredible speeds, I was wondering if they may come close to flinging anything off their equator, or even cancelling a significant fraction of their own tremendous gravity at the surface. Is this even possible within our laws of physics? Mighty13 Don't know how NASA will respond if an innovative project such as BFR really comes to life. Bryan Blatz Fraser, why the green screen nature background and piped in nature noises? Would an astronomical background be more appropriate? Guybrush Threepwood Hi Fraser, how big was the observable universe before the Big Bang? Lesley B HI Fraser, I like your channel a lot. I have a question. What will happen to Jupiter when it stops being active? Will it loose it's atmosphere? will there be a surface? What will it look like? Greetings Lesley. Locut0s Do you ever feel you live both at the best and worst time in human history in terms of space exploration, and cosmology? I feel we have picked a lot of the low hanging fruit and that despite there still being much more amazement to come, we are now looking at missions, probes, telescopes, and physics experiments that require more and more funding and longer and longer planning. At the speed of progress of other technologies like the advancements in AI, materials science, biology etc, I can only imagine where we will be at the end of my life. But by comparison many missions and new promising probes, telescopes etc, take 20 to 30+ years to come to fruition. This can seem disheartening at times. ferusgratia Hey Fraser! Thanks to all the work you and Youtubers like you do, I feel like I have a much better grasp of space and to some extent Cosmology. That said it's been a bit since I've had my mind blown by some new fact. I think I'm ready to delve into materials that would be hard to cover on Youtube, but I don't think I'm ready for hardcore scientific journals. Do you know of any good "middle ground" resources? Thanks! Alpha581 Love your videos as always.I have an interesting question for you.Assuming that the universe is infinite and you travel far enough will you eventually meet an exact copy of Earth and humans by random coincidence? Norman1951 Norman Fraser QUESTION: What percentage of exoplanetary systems align with earth in such away that their orbital planes pass across their star's disk as seen from earth? I can't imagine that it would be very high. Great show.

We’re now entering the final days for NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope. It’s running out of fuel and already crippled by the loss of its reaction wheels. In just a few months NASA will shut it down for good. That is sad, but don’t worry, NASA’s next planet hunting spacecraft, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope is on the launchpad and ready to fly to space to take over where Kepler left off. Finding Earth-sized worlds in the Milky Way. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/overview/index.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-s-kepler-spacecraft-nearing-the-end-as-fuel-runs-low https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4KjvPIbgMI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evHF_mnIdj4 https://www.nasa.gov/content/about-tess/ https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/instrument.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AIbD2WxyN8&t

I bring back the mildly popular live QA stream, where I answer questions live from the audience. In this week's episode, we talked about the TESS Launch delay, books, movies, sci-fi and games I like, and how 2001 freaked me out as a kid.

In this week's questions show, Fraser explains how space debris hunting satellites could also be used as weapons, why his green screen is always set to Endor, and ways to find nearby places for stargazing. Check out the Dark Sky Finder http://darksitefinder.com/map/ Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Alpha581 Hi Fraser,we know that the moon's gravity pull on Earth's oceans which causes tides but my question is does the moon also pull on Earth's atmosphere? Christian McCracken Is there a website which will tell me the best area near me for stargazing? Yakov - Bargal Analytical Instruments Hi Fraser. You think that if one country, lets say China, will decide to put huge sattelite with laser to clear LEO from debris, other countries will alow it? It is a game changing weapon after all. Dani Filth Hey Fraser if Hawking could have lived a couple of months again he would have seen what he spent most of his life studying; an actual photograph of a black hole Máté Matolcsy Hi Fraser! Great show, I have a question. What are the most expensive but technically still realistic space missions that have been proposed so far? What could we achieve with today's economy and technology if we fell into an Apollo mindset again? Homu How does long hair act under artificial gravity? Will it hang down or stream backwards? Matthew Ryan did you set your green screen to Endor on purpose? Jim Becker Fraser, what method do you think will be the real reason for mankind's death here on Earth, will it be from our Sun diving and engulfing us in some X number of years from now or will it be because we finally get that big asteroid hitting us like what killed off the dinosaurs, or will it be because someone gets mad at someone and starts a nuclear war or because our magnetic shield decays and allowing in killer redaction, or because our Ozone layer depletes, so on and so on. (to many different ways I can't name them all). framedropfilms Hey Fraser, great channel. My seven year old son Hayden is fascinated by space and wonders how large (in light years) is our galaxy from one end to the other and how long would it take with our current technology to traverse this distance. Thanks and keep up the excellent work. Steve and Hayden

The Moon and Mars will probably be the first places in the Solar System that humanity will try to live after leaving the safety and security of Earth. But those worlds are still incredibly harsh environments, with no protection from radiation, little to no atmosphere, and extreme temperatures. Living on those worlds is going to be hard, it’s going to be dangerous. Fortunately, there are a few pockets on those worlds that’ll make it a tiny little bit easier to get a foothold in the Solar System: lava tubes. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/press-release/possible-lava-tube-skylights-discovered-near-north-pole-moon https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/12jul_rabbithole/ https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2007/21sep_caves https://lightsinthedark.com/2015/03/04/could-humans-set-up-camp-in-martian-lava-tubes/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc-20100617-mare-ingenii.html https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/press-release/possible-lava-tube-skylights-discovered-near-north-pole-moon m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/The_pit-chains_of_Mars_a_possible_place_for_life https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2017/Q4/potential-human-habitat-located-on-the-moon.html https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/caves2011/pdf/8028.pdf https://www.sintef.no/en/latest-news/snake-robots-in-space/ http://blogs.esa.int/caves/2018/03/13/the-bowels-of-earth-in-3d/ https://www.inverse.com/article/36777-mars-moon-human-colony-lava-tubes

In this week's QA, I wonder if we could use the speed of light to see ourselves in the past, how the Mars rovers clean their solar panels, and if aliens would infect us with their bacteria and viruses. Watch the Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Balázs Suhajda Hi Fraser! We use massive cosmic bodies to bend light and magnify distant objects, soon using them to observe exoplanets and their atmospheres as they were long ago. I wonder if it could be possible to find rays of light that have left earth long ago and through the curvature of space end up returning to earth with high enough resolution to allow us to look back into the past. Is it completely out of the question? path finder discovery I want to know who dusts off the solor panels when it gets dusty an it probably does often due to those huge dust storms , hmmmmmm🤔??🙃🤓🤔🙄 ohh👽👾😱😨😍 Schnitzel Vonlichenmenutz Imagine the virus’s and bacteria they may unintentionally bring. Could potentially be the end of all life on earth. Also, I hope they have a good immune system for our planetary virus’s and bacteria Alpha Gusta I notice that in some space launches that the space craft immediately starts to spin into another direction, I know some course correction is needed for different orbital planes and trajectories. But sometimes it seems like they turn 90 degrees. Why dont they just build launch platforms in somewhat the correct direction? Phil Metal When the galaxies merge or slam together, would it be a slow event until things start smashing into each other? Or would some crazy gravity changes rip world's apart and it be a cataclysmic show? In your opinion would it be a galactic reset, would anything survive CODELESS Enjoy your videos and Q & A's : i was wondering, with this Mission of colonizing mars in the future, there are some ideas that the domes could have water in them to shield Radiation. How much water is needed to block radiation as in the thickness or width of water to block radiation. Thanks XXCoder I was wondering if it was possible to make "bed cylinders" that is partitioned into 2 sleeping areas. With some automatic counterbalancing for mass differences, it may be enough for sleeping in gravity for better health? Jim Labbe If super earths are more massive and have greater gravity wells, might that make space travel much more difficult for intelligent life? Put differently, if we could increase the mass of the earth at what point might it create a physical constraint on space travel? Captain Ultimate G'day from Down Under! I am a new subscriber and I am really enjoy your videos Fraser, so thanks for your knowledge and all your hard work. Would there be any point or benefit to launching a telescope into orbit around a planet in the outer solar system like neptune, or even pluto? Or are they too close in regards to current telescopes to really return any befit? Matthew Kramer Hello Fraser, quick question: How do you think our advances in Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning and A.I in general will affect space missions in the near and distant future? Greetings Matthew Jesse Dyball Could you get two BFRs joined by long cables and have them spin? Peter Granzeier Do white dwarves have habitable zones?

We’re now learning that icy worlds seem to be the best places in Solar System where life could be hiding. Worlds like Europa and Enceladus, which have vast oceans of liquid water beneath a shell of water ice. And just in the last year, astrobiologists announced that hardy forms of Earth life should be able to thrive in these oceans, feeding off hydrogen gas emanating from deep sea vents. Clearly we need to explore these worlds, to go deep down beneath the ice to explore the ocean depths. But how do you drill through kilometers of ice to reach it? Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/niac_2012_phasei_mccue_europa_tagged.pdf https://www.nasa.gov/content/exploration-of-under-ice-regions-with-ocean-profiling-agents-europa/#.WqrxNugbOUk http://www.apl.washington.edu/project/project.php?id=ice_diver https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/gladius-submersible-underwater-drone-technology#/ https://www.princeton.edu/~naomi/theses/jggraver-thesis-4-11-05.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-of-Glider-Depth_fig1_275311043

In this week's questions show, I wonder if the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to find satellites around other stars, what my favorite sci-fi FTL method is, and why can't we see Mars as a bright object in the sky? Check out Abby's channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCabX4I5PLAu0I05gN0ZgrKw Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Disinclined Tostate Hi, Fraser! Love the channel. 🙂 Will the James Webb Telescope be able to see evidence of artificial satellites around exo-planets, should any exist? Would there be a certain size or composition requirement for JWT to spot them? And how awesome would that be?! 🙂 Matt Gibson Fraser, if you could pick any FTL travel method from any show or movie and have it be a reality and give it to humanity, which would you pick? Some examples include Elite Dangerous, Star Wars, Star Trek, Battlestar Galactica, Star Gate... ect... Cherotal Hey Fraser, I have a question about the birth of solar systems. If there is less mass in the gas cloud which collapse to a star system it will form a red or brown dwarf. Is it possible that a gas cloud with very little mass collapse and form a star system where the central body didn't light up? Will these "no-star" systems send out any radiation or light we can measure? Thanks in advance and thanks for all the great video content. Ed Chartrand I’m fascinated by the images depicted in films such as Star Wars where characters look up into space on far off planets where there are multiple moons practically filling the sky or one moon that is massively larger than what our moon appears in reality here on earth. Are these types of visuals actually possible on planets from a physics perspective? Can a moon be so close to a planet that it takes up that much of the sky and yet still have a stable orbit? Michael K I thought the ISS has some micro-meteorite protection and doesn’t just trust in pure luck? Jim Becker Fraser, I was just looking at a photo released by NASA from the Curiosity Rover which "includes Earth as the brightest point of light in the night sky". So why can we seem to be able to see Earth from Mars but can't see Mars from Earth with the same ease ?? DrewLSsix Could a hobby level astronomer benefit from combining two decent smaller telescopes to make an effectively larger binocular telescope? Like two one hundred ish mm combined into an effective two hundred ish unit? I ask because you can buy a pair of the smaller units for a couple hundred.... while a 200+mm scope is many many times more expensive! Flynn Bryant Hey Fraser, my question is, what is the criteria for questions that you answer in the comments compared to those which you select for your videos? Thanks for the tremendous effort you put in! Izuriel Palanayukei Hi Fraser! I've heard you mention books in passing before. Do you have a list of sci-fi books you recommend? Like Seveneves by Neal Stephenson or EON by Greg Bear? Big ole' sci-fi novels with or without aliens! Thanks! - Izu Scot Washburn Why couldn’t we use lasers to push the orbiting debris out of earth orbit? Seth McKay Hey Fraser! Your production schedule looks to be quite full with universe today, guide to space, Q&A, astronomy cast, etc (not to mention spending time with family). How do you organize and stay on schedule? Seems like you have would have to be really organized to stay on schedule as well as not end up working all day. I also have several different hats and need to organize better. Guest Question: Stefán Atli Þorvaldsson how can i become an astronaut if i am not from a big country like the USA, Russia or the EU

Have you ever wondered how those amazing pictures of space are gathered? Which are photographs, which are illustrations, and which are total fakes? Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-goes-high-definition-to-revisit-iconic-pillars-of-creation https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2368.html https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images/?page=0&per_page=25&order=created_at+desc&search=&condition_1=1%3Ais_in_resource_list&category=51&fancybox=true&href_query_params=category%3Dimages https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/new-clues-to-trappist-1-planet-compositions-atmospheres http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/6282-ssc2017-01e-500-Hours-of-Spitzer-Observations-of-TRAPPIST-1 https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1733s/ https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/avm_image_sqls/binaries/98/original/gw170817clean.jpg?1508108648 https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1733e/ https://www.nso.edu/current_images.html https://www.nso.edu/sites/www.nso.edu/files/latest_images/gong_current_int.jpg https://www.nso.edu/sites/www.nso.edu/files/latest_images/gong_halpha.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/how-sdo-sees-the-sun/ http://www.stsci.edu/hst/wfc3/ins_performance/ground/components/filters http://bf-astro.com/hubblep.htm http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2018-05 http://hubblesite.org/image/4107/news_release/2018-05 http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/59039-two-black-holes-merge-into-one/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/black-hole-SagittariusA.html http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2015/03/Galactic_outflow http://m.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2015/03/Galactic_merger_hosting_a_supermassive_black_hole https://eventhorizontelescope.org/ http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2017/1218-agu17-junocam-science.html https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junocam/processing/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/26394547288/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/39741528345/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/38870839790/ https://www.uahirise.org/dtm/dtm.php?ID=ESP_039502_1380 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhBw5yaR_SU https://twitter.com/FakeAstropix

In this week's questions show, I explain why I never get to the point, if we'll ever reach interstellar space, and how we'd get down below the ice sheet on Europa. ITunes audio podcast https://itunes.apple.com/ee/podcast/universe-today-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS audio podcast https://www.universetoday.com/audio Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Questions ------------------ Hi There 9 minutes and you've just circled the question. This strategy for presenting info is why i don't watch discovery channel or the history channel. I think its a bad strategy. Ryan Guitard Do you think we’ll ever reach interstellar space? Lucid Moses Hi Fraser, Are there known nebula outside of galaxies. If a rogue star went supernova would we be able to see the supernova remnants if there were no other stars around? indianastan Vancouver Island eh ? I hear there are lots of sightings of sasquatch on Vancouver Is. Have you ever seen or heard them in the woods ? Do you believe in them ? Peter Houle what if you struck a match on Titan? or Venus? Jughead Jones Don't forget Fraser you live in the mildest Winter zone in Canada! I would swap with you any day! ; ) toxikneedle Fraser, if we sent a submarine drone to an icy moon of Saturn or Jupiter. how would the logistics of drilling into the ice work? First how would we be able to keep the insertion hole itself from freezing as I'm assuming the communication back to earth will be done via a cable running from the submarine to the surface of the moon? Also wouldn't this whole operation be insanely hard to sterilize to keep Earth's bacteria from invading the ocean of an alien moon? Jack Kenny Is it possible that we've yet to discover an element that belongs somewhere on the periodic table? Maybe it isn't naturally occurring on earth, but elsewhere in the universe. My inspiration for this question is the marvel universe's metal Vibranium. I appreciate everything you do on your channel and keep up the good work! deisisase Is returning to the Moon even worth it? With the toxic Asbestos-like regolith and low bone-wasting gravity, is it worth setting up a base at all? Or is it simply better to stay for a little while just to know that our rockets work, just as they did in the Apollo era? Colpo Rosso I choose snow! Is there snow on Titan? uuhh, that sweet sweet methane snow Erick Horning Hey Fraser, is there a plausible scenario that could cause Earth to be tossed out of our solar system winstonsmasterplan 2038??? Jeeez what’s the point. Seems like a long time to wait and a highly risky mission for a couple grams of comet dust!

One of the biggest problems of spaceflight is the total lack of gravity. Here are some proposals that could generate artificial gravity through rotating spacecraft. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/28/16549898/scott-kelly-pbs-exclusive-clip-year-in-space-walking-problems-zero-gravity https://nuscimag.com/science-fiction-or-fact-spinning-spacecraft-artificial-gravity-e6e292af2df8 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19710001302.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EHwT33YCAw https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-minimum-size-for-a-ring-shaped-rotating-space-station http://fiso.spiritastro.net/telecon/Engle-Clark_1-24-18/

In this week's QA, I compared apples to apples and look at the launch capability of the Falcon Heavy versus the Space Shuttle. The answer may surprise you. We also look at extracting energy from a black hole, and if launching satellites from the Earth's poles will avoid a Kessler Syndrome. Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Douglas Smith It's worth noting that the Space Shuttle, with it's RS-25 engines actually was a more powerful rocket than the Falcon Heavy. It's just that the shuttle was so heavy by itself that there was not much reserve left over for payload. So, the Falcon Heavy has a higher payload capacity in the end. nastropc My plan: If you slingshot a massive spinning mass close to a black hole, say a magnetar, could you ‘spin up’ the black hole, giving it angular momentum and make its event horizon more and more oblate? And with the ‘poles’ of the event horizon closer to the singularity, in more strongly warped space-time, would the Hawking radiation flux from there increase? Assuming Hawking radiation doesn’t carry away angular momentum, maybe we could decrease the time until the black hole evaporates (although I’ve no idea why you’d want to do this; I can’t imagine it being an efficient way to extract energy.) Assume channel Fraser! JerechoNC if kessler syndrome becomes a huge issue and makes launching into orbit nearly impossible, could we launch from the north or south poles as a last result? Terry Russell Is it beneficial for a society that immediately evaluates every technological advancement for possible use as a military weapon to be turned loose into the universe? Mama Llama Weird bunch of questions here: Obviously, protein plays an important part in a human diet, and every human on a long mission would need to provide or grow a protein source. I've only heard of questions about growing plants so far - would beans provide the protein? or is there a possibility of raising some small marine creatures like anchovy or something? I ask this because I have seen examples of aquaponic systems that employ fish as filters as well; I wonder if that could be possible on Mars? Also, what is the relative 'feeling' in water at zero G? would a fish be able to swim in it? Or would they end up just as disoriented as the rest of us? Makes me wonder if a zooplankton protein source is possible, since the water itself provides their sort of 'gravity.' 2 AM questions are the best! Benjamin Ringrose Fraser Cain Thanks for asking! Yes I do, I was curious about how an actual object maintains its position at the Lagrangian point. For instance, the James Webb space telescope, will it sit ON the Lagrangian point? Or will it ORBIT the point? Barnard Rabenold I think the problem with living in space is that you are vulnerable to collisions from small objects. With a planet, the atmosphere eats them, while larger objects can be spotted and planned against ahead of time. DHF F In regards to the Dyson Spheres an infrared heat, what if one solutions is that they are channeling that infrared away through the poles of the sphere and if those poles are not facing us, we wouldn't detect that radiation. Yes? Cristian Bureriu does a blackhole have a size or it's just a point of mass? Werner Heenop 2 days ago (edited) Fraser, if you could meet any famous person (living or dead) that has contributed to astronomy, who would it be? I'm thinking: drink a beer with an Astrophysicist, Rocket Engineer, Inventor, Astronomer etc.... RockawayCCW so... if our solar system takes 230 m years to circle the galaxy... how does that line up with all the mass extinctions in our planet's history? Is there a pattern? Sarthak Gaur Hi Fraser! Great content! Question: You said that as a planet passes in front of a star it dims the light emitted from the star, and that's how we know that a planet is orbiting the star. What if a planet's orbit is inclined in such a way that when observed from Earth it doesn't dim the light from the star. How can we find that planet?

During our Iceland adventure, I had a chance to sit down with Dr. Paul Sutter and talk about the limits of science. Why a better version of the Planck Mission can't tell us anything else about the cosmic microwave background radiation. Will we ever run out of science we can do? Subscribe to Paul's channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBr7XOxxQyBHEwqkhoci7vw Join us on a future adventure: https://astrotours.co Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

In this week's question show, I explain why I'm happy to answer questions, what first telescope people should get, and if we've ever seen a black hole ever. Also, stick around to the end, where Dr. Alan Stern, the principal investigator of New Horizons answers a question about the mission. Follow Alan Stern on Twitter https://twitter.com/AlanStern Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Irritable Jon Syndrome Fraiser, infinite thank you's for answering all of our questions. Holy smokes, i dont know how you do it!! Thank you though. I see some of the questions are just downright ridiculous, some youve already answered, some are EASILY searchable via Google yet you take the time to answer every single one whether theyre patrons or not. I dont think you get told thank you enough for the time you put into answering everyones questions, i hope you know youre sincerely appreciated rui casanova Love your channel , and btw how long does it take to our solar sistem to lap the galaxy? Nicholas Shaski I think the question about dark matter possibly being dyson spheres should be considered more. You said those would produce infrared radiation. While I'm in no way educated about the subject (beyond the minimum), the follow up question seems to be: Can you somehow "hide" infrared radiation? Especially in this context. tuuktuu1 What would a black dwarf be like up close? Like a huge liquid ocean? Could you sail a boat on it? Or would it be cold gas like Jupiter or an exotic degenerate material? What would it look like if you shone light on it and looked at it? Liam.edu Hey Fraser! What home telescope would you recommend for star gazing and I’d rather get one that isn’t to pricey. I know you’ve gotten this question before, but I looked for your answer an couldn’t find it. Thanks! Omegaviews can stellar black holes be quasars to? Mario Avgherino One final thought, we human beings think very highly of ourselves, why not too many centuries ago we thought that the earth was the center of the universe, only to find out that our planet is a wonderful little oasis in this ordinary solar system. It's a great home for us but that's about the only thing that makes it special and since It's the only home we have, I support the Idea of colonizing other planets. But just as we have learned that it's best to preserve the natural order here on Earth, I'm certain we will likewise decide not to pollute or destroy the rest of the solar system and beyond. David Mex I think that the announcement of alien life Will be the greatest news on the history of human life. Moamin Aljaro HAVE WE SEEN A BLACK HOLE EVER? The Grimm How long does it take to become a astro physicist Federico Fuidio Álvarez4 How far into the past/future are the Voyagers due to time dilation? Alpha5814 days ago What would the universe would of looked like when the Cosmic microwave background was in the visible light spectrum? Carlos Basso When New Horizon flybys 2014 MU69 by the end of this year, how good the scientists expect the photos to be? Will the spacecraft pass as close to 2014 MU69 as it did to Pluto? Is there any science that we could squeeze out of N.H. after that?

NASA is going to decide between a comet sample return mission or a helicopter on Titan. Which mission should it be? See Tim's video here: https://youtu.be/JkS2dP7eiEU Then vote! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCogrSQkBJn1KF0N9I4oM7eQ/community?lb=UgzkKXIhEDAV-WxBS2R4AaABCQ Subscribe to Tim's Channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6uKrU_WqJ1R2HMTY3LIx5Q Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invests-in-concept-development-for-missions-to-comet-saturn-moon-titan http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/spacecraft/caesar-sample-return.html http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/History_of_cometary_missions http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/ http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/58220-philae-found/ https://www.asteroidmission.org/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/070628/squyres.html

In this week's QA, I answer the several related questions about why NASA doesn't just cancel the Space Launch System and give all their money to SpaceX. With special guest answerer Emma Osborne. Follow Emma at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_2MM6tCMKWCj-AnvjIhJtw Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

See Joe's video here: https://youtu.be/0M7VvnaoIVY Subscribe to Joe's Channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-2YHgc363EdcusLIBbgxzg All Hail Curiosity! Consider the fact that right now, there’s an SUV-sized rover crawling around the surface of Mars, zapping rocks with its laser, scooping and sampling material, and generally giving us the best view we’ve ever seen from the surface of the Red Planet. NASA’s Curiosity Rover has been on the surface of Mars since 2012, following the story of water. When did it first show up on Mars, and was it there long enough to support the biology of life? In its 5 years and counting of exploration, Curiosity has pushed our understanding of the Red Planet forward, and paved the way for the next generation of gigantic, nuclear powered rovers headed to Mars to search for life itself. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/nasas-opportunity-mars-rover-finishes-marathon-clocks-in-at-just-over-11-years/ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-290 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki_Af_o9Q9s https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/prelaunch/landingsiteselection/aboutgalecrater/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/mount-sharp-photobombs-mars-curiosity-rover/ https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/?ImageID=9084 https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/science/results/ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4413 https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/16dec_methanespike https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1393

In this Q&A from Iceland, astrophysicist Dr. Paul Sutter steps in to tackle some of the more complicated cosmology and physics based questions from the audience. Did the Big Bang create the matter of the Universe, how close are we do discovering what dark matter is, and more. Follow Paul at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBr7XOxxQyBHEwqkhoci7vw Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

There are few rockets more iconic than the RS-25, also known as the Space Shuttle main engine. Even though it’s been around in some form since the 1970s, it’s been improved and upgraded several times, making it the most efficient liquid fuel rocket engine going today. And now the RS-25 is going to see a new chapter in its history, working to carry NASA’s new Space Launch System back to deep space, beyond Earth orbit. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://io9.gizmodo.com/early-design-specs-show-the-space-shuttle-could-have-be-1528524224 http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2016/20160509-all-the-way-to-orbit.html

In this week's questions show, I talk about being wrong, why I'm such a buzz kill to sci-fi, and what I'd launch on a Falcon Heavy. Subscribe to Fraser's weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

For the longest time, spacecraft operators were puzzled by the Pioneer anomaly, the strange thrust that was slowing spacecraft down as they journeyed through the Solar System. That anomaly was finally solved just a few years ago, but there’s still another glitch in our understanding of spaceflight, and it happens every time a spacecraft does a slingshot around a planet to get a speed boost or course correction. It’s called the flyby anomaly. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.08893.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.7333.pdf

In this week's questions show, Fraser is excited to see the southern hemisphere night sky, considers how the next generation of telescopes will change our understanding of the Big Bang, and suggests what you should look at with a new telescope. Subscribe to Fraser's weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The supertelescopes are coming, enormous ground and space-based observatories that’ll let us directly observe the atmospheres of distant worlds. We know there’s life on Earth, and our atmosphere tells the tale, so can we do the same thing with extrasolar planets? It turns out, coming up with a single biosignature, a chemical in the atmosphere that tells you that yes, absolutely, there’s life on that world, is really tough. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/1794-ssc2007-09a1-First-Map-of-an-Exoplanet-Atmosphere http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/1950-ssc2017-06--Warm-Neptune-Has-Unexpectedly-Primitive-Atmosphere https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/probing-seven-worlds-with-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1710/1710.03976.pdf I’ve got to admit, I’ve been pretty bad for this in the past. In old episodes of Astronomy Cast and the Weekly Space Hangout, even here in the Guide to Space, I’ve said that if we could just sample the atmosphere of a distant world, we could say with conviction if there’s life there. Just detect ozone in the atmosphere, or methane, or even pollution and you could say, “there’s life there.” Well, future Fraser is here to correct past Fraser. While I admire his naive enthusiasm for the search for aliens, it turns out, as always, things are going to be more difficult than we previously thought. Astrobiologists are actually struggling to figure out a single smoking gun biosignature that could be used to say there’s life out there. And that’s because natural processes seem to have clever ways of fooling us. What are some potential biosignatures, why are they problematic, and what will it take to get that confirmation?

In this week's questions show, Fraser wonders where you'd have to go in the Universe to minimize your time dilation, how to see Iridium Flares, how interferometry works, and more. Subscribe to Fraser's weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The internet. It gives us an instant connection to the sum of human knowledge, but it also lets misinformation travel at the speed of light. Everyday I get comments about how people will believe we’ve been to space after I show them evidence of actual spacecraft taken in space and not CGI mock-ups. Challenge accepted. Here come a whole bunch of photos of spacecraft taken in space. Actually, I don’t really care if you believe it or not. I was just so excited about some of the fantastic pictures of spacecraft - taken by spacecraft - that I decided to dedicate a whole episode to it. Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 For starters, I’ve got to address the elephant in the room. Why are there so many illustrations and computer graphic images of spacecraft and not real photos of spacecraft? Here’s the answer. Spacecraft aren’t equipped with selfie sticks. I mean, it would be cool to have the spacecraft take a picture of itself while Saturn photobombs the background, but that weight is better used with additional fuel or scientific payload. Scientists are completely unconcerned about having to prove anything to anyone, and they’d prefer to maximize the science coming back from their spacecraft. So, whenever you see an image of a spacecraft that’s out there in space, all alone, then it’s going to be an artist’s illustration. Here’s the Voyager spacecraft flying through space, except it’s a computer graphic, obviously. Here’s the Pioneer passing Jupiter. I mean, here’s a painting of Pioneer and Jupiter, because there’s no way to actually take a photograph of this moment. NASA and the other space agencies will also create CGI renderings of spacecraft that don’t exist yet, to give us an idea of what it might look like when it gets created. Like the James Webb Space Telescope that hasn’t even been launched yet. Here’s what it really looks like, getting worked on in the lab here on the ground before its launch. I provide you with plenty more examples. But in general, if you see a “photograph” or video of a spacecraft, and you’re not sure if it’s real or not, just ask yourself, who could have taken the picture. Also, if the image looks too good and clean, then it’s probably computer graphics. Episode 338 References: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/voyager20170712.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/pioneer10_art.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/16243787784_a0410c775a_k.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/jwst_end_of_cryo_test.jpg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA5NCHQlF74 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZrq__rkt4s https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/historygallery/gem-jun65.html https://www.nasa.gov/astronautprofiles/mccandless https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts135/launch/sts-135_mission-overview.html https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/572378main_s135e010788_full.jpg https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-28/html/iss028e018221.html https://www.youtube.com/user/spacexchannel/videos https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20120806b.html https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/mro/mars-orbiter-spies-curiosity-rover-at-work https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/news/mro-20061204.html https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/lost-2003-mars-lander-found-by-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter/ http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2016/09/05/philae-found/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/europeanspaceagency/15349407860/in/set-72157638315605535 https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/msl/latest-selfie-from-nasa-mars-rover-shows-wide-context https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6785 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/revisited/index.html http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2015/02/ATV-1_reentry http://www.heavens-above.com/ https://transit-finder.com/ http://www.astrophoto.fr/ https://www.facebook.com/szabolcs.nagy.7923