DWARF PLANET PLUTO

Astronomers may have figured out some cool geology on Pluto, and Barnard's star is back in the running for having a planet! Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at https://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: rokoko, Alex Hackman, Andrew Finley Brenan, Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0592-z https://www.nasa.gov/content/washboard-and-fluted-terrains-on-pluto-as-evidence-for-ancient-glaciation https://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-features-given-first-official-names https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720356/ https://blogs.nasa.gov/pluto/2016/01/08/probing-the-mysterious-glacial-flow-on-plutos-frozen-heart/ https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.05702.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0677-y https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/barnards-star-closest-stars-famous-stars https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/08/bad-news-space-fans-barnards-star-151one-of-our-suns-closest-neighbors-151is-barren/261310/ http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/exoplanets/direct-imaging.html Images: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-features-given-first-official-names https://www.nasa.gov/content/washboard-and-fluted-terrains-on-pluto-as-evidence-for-ancient-glaciation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpha,_Beta_and_Proxima_Centauri_(1).jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RedDwarfPlanet.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kepler_spacecraft_artist_render_(crop).jpg

New Horizons gave us the best views we could have hoped for of Pluto. But it was only a single glimpse of half the world. What's New Horizons up to next? And what plans are in the works to return to Pluto and Charon? Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Some researchers are arguing that Pluto should get its planetary status back.

On July 14, 2015, a spacecraft flew by Pluto for the first time! NASA's New Horizons spacecraft spent 9.5 years making the 3-billion-mile journey to Pluto. When it finally arrived, it took some amazing photos of the dwarf planet's surface. Most notably, the photos revealed that Pluto has a huge, heart-shaped plain, tall mountains and icy volcanoes. The mission also found that Pluto and its largest moon Charon are tidally locked, which means that Pluto's heart is always facing Charon, and the same side of Charon is always facing Pluto. It also seems to be borrowing some atmosphere from Pluto, which appears a big red spot on Charon's north pole.

The largest of Pluto's five moons, Charon, was discovered on June 22, 1978, by James Christy and Robert Harrington at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. Read the story: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/charon-at-40-four-decades-of-discovery-on-pluto-s-largest-moon Charon was discovered only about six miles from where Pluto itself was discovered at Lowell Observatory. They weren't even looking for satellites of Pluto – Christy, examining a series of grainy telescope images, trying to refine Pluto's orbit around the Sun. Christy and others tell the story of this amazing scientific find, which fueled Pluto’s transformation from a telescopic dot into an actual planetary system – and a source of many discoveries to come.

According to a new model, days on Earth used to really fly by, and today Pluto has wind-swept dunes made of very weird sand. For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلطا الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/360/6392/992.full.pdf http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-pluto-methane-dunes-20180531-story.html#nws=mcnewsletter www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1717689115 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/uow-ttm053118.php http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_4/milankovitch.htm https://www.packtpub.com/big-data-and-business-intelligence/bayesian-analysis-python https://towardsdatascience.com/probability-concepts-explained-bayesian-inference-for-parameter-estimation-90e8930e5348 ------ Images: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_formation.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-station-crew-sees-lots-of-clouds/ https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/galileo-earth-and-moon http://www.eso.org/public/usa/videos/eso1436c/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arbol_de_Piedra.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sahara_desert.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia#/media/File:Mountainous_Shoreline_of_Sputnik_Planum_(PIA20198).png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_hazes_over_backlit_Pluto.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19947-NH-Pluto-Norgay-Hillary-Mountains-20150714.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/pluto-s-brilliant-heart https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/sun-rising-background-on-landscape-hill-and-tree-gm815511810-132059067

A conversation with New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern and astrobiologist David Grinspoon about their new book, Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto. Stern and Grinspoon will share the up-close, inside story of one of the greatest space exploration projects of our time and explore the sheer human ingenuity it took to design, build, and fly this unparalleled mission.

Mars, Pluto, and extrasolar planets. Hosted by Seth Shostak and Molly Bentley. Pluto, we hardly knew ye. Well, not anymore! Until recently, Pluto and Mars were respectively the least-known and best-known planet-sized bodies in our Solar System. Thanks to the New Horizons spacecraft, our picture of Pluto has changed from a featureless dot to a place where we can name the geologic features. And with rovers and orbiters surveying the red planet, we now know much more about Mars than our parents ever did. Examining our planetary backyard has provided insight into the trillion other planets in our galaxy. Dive into a mountain lake and trek though the driest desert on Earth with a scientist who’s had not one but two near-fatal incidents in these extreme environments. Find out what questions compel her to keep returning. And scientists on the New Horizons mission remember why the nail-biting Pluto flyby almost failed at the last minute. Find out what surprises Pluto offered and what the mission might uncover as it heads to its next, outer solar-system target. Also, from Earth-like planets to super Earths and water worlds: a tour of some of Kepler’s most intriguing extrasolar planets. Guests: Nathalie Cabrol https://www.seti.org/users/nathalie-cabrol - Planetary scientist at the SETI Institute. Alan Stern https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/people/36/alan-stern/ - Principal Investigator for NASA’s New Horizon mission, and co-author with David Grinspoon of “Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto.” https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1250098963/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=arweal-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1250098963&linkId=cc1c9457f79ad1fb863278b4ff02d914 David Grinspoon http://funkyscience.net/ - Senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, and co-author with Alan Stern of “Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto.” https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1250098963/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=arweal-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1250098963&linkId=cc1c9457f79ad1fb863278b4ff02d914 Jack Lissauer https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/2007/lissauer.html - Space scientist at the NASA Ames Research Center. Descripción en español - http://musingsfromthecosmicshore.net/?p=1970 Download audio: http://radio.seti.org/episodes/imagining-planets Hosted by Seth Shostak and Molly Bentley, The Big Picture Science radio show and podcast engages the public with modern science research through lively and intelligent storytelling. Science radio doesn’t have to be dull. The only dry thing about our program is the humor. Read more at http://radio.seti.org/episodes/about_the_show Follow Big Picture Science in the Twitterverse https://twitter.com/BiPiSci ©2018 SETI Institute. All Rights Reserved 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043 Phone 650.961.6633

Astronomers are trying to answer the question of how Pluto formed, and we have more evidence for the existence of Planet Nine! For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Jerry Perez, Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Kevin Knupp, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali. Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://authors.library.caltech.edu/1476/1/BROareps02.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001910351830099X http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Icar..287..301U https://www.nasa.gov/feature/possible-ice-volcano-on-pluto-has-the-wright-stuff/ http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/22 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13156 https://www.nature.com/news/dwarf-planet-stretches-solar-system-s-edge-1.14921 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/11/astronomers-spot-most-distant-object-solar-system-could-point-other-rogue-planets https://www.popsci.com/search-for-real-planet-x#page-3 https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.05355 https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.05348 http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/inner_oort_cloud/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/looking-for-planet-nine-astronomers-gaze-into-the-abyss/ https://www.space.com/31549-pluto-ice-volcanoes-new-horizons.html http://earthsky.org/space/new-evidence-planet-9-2015-bp519-caju https://www.space.com/40642-space-rock-generates-planet-nine-excitement.html https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-think-pluto-made-billions-comets-180969183/ https://www.popsci.com/pluto-billion-comets#page-3 https://www.space.com/40687-pluto-formation-1-billion-comets.html https://gizmodo.com/wild-new-theory-suggests-pluto-formed-from-a-billion-co-1826292828 https://www.universetoday.com/139317/pluto-is-what-you-get-when-a-billion-comets-smash-together/ https://www.space.com/39287-new-horizons-2014-mu69-flyby-2019.html Images: https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/charon-and-pluto-strikingly-different-worlds https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-ExocometsAroundBetaPictoris-ArtistView.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/charon-and-pluto-strikingly-different-worlds https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comet_67P_on_22_August_2014_NavCam.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:67P-C-G_-_March_28_2015_(32370930490).jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image/nh-approaches-pluto https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planet_Nine_-_black_background.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planet_nine-etnos_now-new3.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg

A study published May 23 in the journal Icarus suggests Pluto formed from millions of comets from the Kuiper Belt.

The debate over Pluto's planethood has resurfaced, and some prominent scientists have a few things to say about it. We all remember what we were doing the day Pluto got kicked out of the solar system's planet club. This happened after it was reclassified from planet to dwarf planet in 2006 when the IAU decided it did not meet the criteria to be considered a planet. Well, New Horizons principle investigator Dr. Alan Stern and astrobiologist David Grinspoon recently declared in a Huffington Post article that Pluto's reclassification was indeed, a mistake. === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO shows are crowd funded. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for funding levels, goals and all of our different rewards!

Dr. Alan Stern and Dr. David Grinspoon will give the inside story of one of the greatest space exploration projects of our time, the New Horizons mission to Pluto. Mission leader Dr. Alan Stern and noted scientist and author Dr. David Grinspoon will be signing copies of their book, "Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto", at the event. Subscribe now for more All Space Considered clips: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=griffithobservatory All Space Considered is Griffith Observatory’s live science program that is free and open to the public, held the first Friday of every month. Watch All Space Considered videos: https://www.youtube.com/griffithobservatory Learn more about All Space Considered on our official site: http://griffithobservatory.org/asc/all_space.html Follow All Space Considered on Twitter: https://twitter.com/allspacecnsdrd -Disclaimer- WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE, VIDEOS, MUSICAL MATERIAL OR PICTURES PRESENT THAT WERE NOT CREATED DIRECTLY BY GRIFFITH OBSERVATORY OR ITS AFFILIATES, ALL CREDIT FOR THIS MATERIAL GOES TO THE ORIGINAL ARTISTS, CREATORS AND COMPOSERS. Fair Use: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Pluto was considered a planet for more than 75 years, but in 2006 it was demoted to dwarf planet. Many people were left wondering why the change was made and what the difference was between a planet and a dwarf planet. Come find out in this educational video! Subscribe to FreeSchool: https://www.youtube.com/user/watchfreeschool?sub_confirmation=1 Visit us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/watchFreeSchool Check our our companion channel, FreeSchool Mom! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTcEtHRQhqiCZIIb77LyDmA And our NEW channel for little ones, FreeSchool Early Birds! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3OV62x86XHwaqsxLsuy8dA

What happens when you've seen Pluto and want to go even further? Nobody really knows, but here are some possibilities. ---- This channel offers you full episodes of high quality documentaries. Enjoy and don't forget to subscribe 🙂 ---- Other channels you might be interested in: criminals and crimefighters: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYuXyzwA_w4-c1FJrqOnR0A hazards and catastrophes: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5WE_bClugxSVG1ENir8qzg

If you want to meet the locals from Pluto, you may not even have to go there. It doesn't happen often, but it did happen that Comets from the Kuiper Belt pay us a visit. ---- This channel offers you full episodes of high quality documentaries. Enjoy and don't forget to subscribe 🙂 ---- Other channels you might be interested in: criminals and crimefighters: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYuXyzwA_w4-c1FJrqOnR0A hazards and catastrophes: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5WE_bClugxSVG1ENir8qzg

We have special guest Dr. Alan Stern joining us this week to talk about the New Horizons spacecraft, Pluto and exploration. If you're interested in Alan's new book coming out, "Chasing New Horizons" you can pre-order it on Amazon.com here: https://www.amazon.com/Chasing-New-Horizons-Inside-Mission/dp/1250098963 Launches: SpaceX Launches Paz and First Starlink Satellites News: Exoplanet Hunter TESS arrives in Florida National Space Council meets for 2nd time Mars 2020 Will Take A Visitor Home === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO shows are crowd funded. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for per-episode contribution or http://www.minds.com/tmro for monthly contributions and reward information.

My twitter: https://twitter.com/Dreksler_Astral Charon is a cold distant object that orbits Pluto, so what would standing on this world feel like? In this video i discuss what the experience would be like. Intro, outro and many other clips used in the video are made with Space Engine. Music: Kevin MacLeod - Ossuary 5 - Rest https://incompetech.com/

In 2015, NASA's New Horizons space probe whizzed by Pluto. Now it has sent back all of its data, what did it see and discover? https://brilliant.org/astrum/ In this video, I showcase the journey New Horizons took in order to get to Pluto, its moons, geological features, and Pluto's atmosphere. ************** A big thank you to brilliant.org for supporting this video. Sign up for free using the link above. That link will also get the first 200 subscribers 20% off a premium subscription to the website if you like what you see. ************** SUBSCRIBE for more videos about our other planets. Subscribe! http://goo.gl/WX4iMN Facebook! http://goo.gl/uaOlWW Twitter! http://goo.gl/VCfejs Donate! Patreon: http://goo.gl/GGA5xT Ethereum Wallet: 0x5F8cf793962ae8Df4Cba017E7A6159a104744038 Become a Patron today and support my channel! Donate link above. I can't do it without you. Thanks to those who have supported so far, especially: Aber And also: Servando Tariq Mulla Garthvater Milo Schuman Eli Birnbaum Solar Anamnesis Alexander Simpson Wolfgang Neuner Richard Smiles Flint Corey Patrick Ketaner Paul Bertin Shaheen Ghiassy Steven Rumpel Dermot Carthy Christina Schreiber Jesse Myles Doug Felt Shaheen Ghiassy Will DeRousse Guy Taylor Philip O'Duffy Uncle Vinny Thomas Burk Support to have your own name added to the list! Image Credits: NASA, Hubble, Space Engine, ESO Music Credits: Podington Bear - Arise Mark LaFountain - Equation

An exploration of the other bodies in the solar system other than earth that might be habitable for some forms of alien life. https://www.patreon.com/johnmichaelgodier Music: Light Awash by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100175 Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Space Engine is back! This time I explore our favourite dwarf planet Pluto, and it's moon Charon. Thanks for watching! If you enjoyed the video, give it a "Like!" If you'd like to see more, be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications so you never miss an upload! More Space Engine: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcjbKmjZtqeQxbl1nP3oMUUqzS074Dy64 Rainbow Six Siege: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcjbKmjZtqeRkfu9XOSn9vq4yk2fhMSfH Music Epic Cinematic Inspirational Trailer Music - Dreamland https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXB_OzMglk4

There are regions in Pluto where huge ice structures exist. Scientists finally think they know how they are formed. Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more. Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/ TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

NASA’s New Horizons mission revolutionized our knowledge of Pluto when it flew past that distant world in July 2015. Among its many discoveries were images of strange formations resembling giant blades of ice, whose origin had remained a mystery. Now, scientists have turned up a fascinating explanation for this “bladed terrain”: the structures are made almost entirely of methane ice, and likely formed as a specific kind of erosion wore away their surfaces, leaving dramatic crests and sharp divides. More info: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/solving-the-mystery-of-pluto-s-giant-blades-of-ice Video credit: NASA's Ames Research Center NASA's Ames Research Center is located in California's Silicon Valley. Follow us on social media to hear about the latest developments in space, science and technology. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/nasaames/ Twitter https://twitter.com/NASAAmes Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nasaames/

Join +Fraser Cain and +Pamela Gay for a live episode of Astronomy Cast. We'll record our 30-minute show, and then stay tuned for them to answer questions! This week, we return to our starting point, where Astronomy Cast began: Pluto. 11 years on, we have a whole new appreciate for the dwarf planet Pluto. We've visited it, probed it and taken pictures. It's time for an update.

This issue includes solving mysteries of Pluto, Cassini's Grand Finale, how to find off-season globular clusters, 16 times we didn't find E.T. and more!

Here's what it'd like to fly over Pluto's largest moon Charon.

On July 14, 2015, New Horizons flew by Pluto. Scientists have used the data from the mission so far to uncover active geology, an enormous canyon, a unique case of chemical coloration, and more. What else might we discover as we venture deeper into the Kuiper Belt? Want more on Charon? Check out NASA's brand-new flyover video!: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Q7O7TZ7Ks&spfreload=5 Hosted by: Caitlin Hofmeister ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ----------Alexander Wadsworth, Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Sultan Alkhulaifi, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Charles George ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6258/aad1815 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6279/aad8866 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6279/aad9189 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6279/1284 https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v539/n7627/full/nature19340.html http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20151001 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-s-heart-like-a-cosmic-lava-lamp https://www.nasa.gov/feature/possible-ice-volcano-on-pluto-has-the-wright-stuff http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2015/0722-what-in-the-worlds-are-tholins.html https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-pluto-58.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/a-super-grand-canyon-on-pluto-s-moon-charon Images: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/pluto-20100204.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:15-011a-NewHorizons-PlutoFlyby-ArtistConcept-14July2015-20150115.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto_by_LORRI_and_Ralph,_13_July_2015.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/pluto-s-wright-mons-in-color https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto-FlyoverAnimation-20150918.webm https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_hazes_over_backlit_Pluto.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Encounter_01_lg.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/feature/a-super-grand-canyon-on-pluto-s-moon-charon https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NH-Charon-Day1-TenImages-20150714-20151120.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charonsinre.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AfterPluto3.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait-truecolor.png

Using actual New Horizons data and digital elevation models of Pluto and its largest moon Charon, mission scientists have created flyover movies that offer spectacular new perspectives of the many unusual features that were discovered and which have reshaped our views of the Pluto system – from a vantage point even closer than the spacecraft itself. This dramatic Pluto flyover begins over the highlands to the southwest of the great expanse of nitrogen ice plain informally named Sputnik Planitia. The viewer first passes over the western margin of Sputnik, where it borders the dark, cratered terrain of Cthulhu Macula, with the blocky mountain ranges located within the plains seen on the right. The tour moves north past the rugged and fractured highlands of Voyager Terra and then turns southward over Pioneer Terra -- which exhibits deep and wide pits -- before concluding over the bladed terrain of Tartarus Dorsa in the far east of the encounter hemisphere. Digital mapping and rendering were performed by Paul Schenk and John Blackwell of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.

Using actual New Horizons data and digital elevation models of Pluto and its largest moon Charon, mission scientists have created flyover movies that offer spectacular new perspectives of the many unusual features that were discovered and which have reshaped our views of the Pluto system – from a vantage point even closer than the spacecraft itself. The exciting flight over Charon begins high over the hemisphere New Horizons saw on its closest approach, then descends over the deep, wide canyon of Serenity Chasma. The view moves north, passing over Dorothy Gale crater and the dark polar hood of Mordor Macula. The flight then turns south, covering the northern terrain of Oz Terra before ending over the relatively flat equatorial plains of Vulcan Planum and the “moated mountains” of Clarke Montes. Digital mapping and rendering were performed by Paul Schenk and John Blackwell of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.

Pluto is so far away from Earth that it is a mere pinprick of light in our powerful telescopes. Learn what it would take for humans to journey to the uncharted limits of our solar neighborhood and what NASA scientists think we'll find when we get there. ---- This channel offers you full episodes of high quality documentaries. Enjoy and don't forget to subscribe 🙂

NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto was a success just in time for the international establishment to demote to a dwarf planet. According to CNEt, The new Horizons team is determined to have pluto reclassified. Kirby Runyon thinks that the word "planet" holds a psychological weight. "I want the public to fall in love with planetary exploration as I have," Runyon said. "It drives home the point of continued exploration." Even if a better process for defining a planet could encourage new research and exploration it's impossible to make everyone happ. the debate will continue to rage on so long as Pluto remains a martyr to the process. https://www.cnet.com/news/pluto-planet-new-horizons-alan-stern-iau-carolyn-porco/#ftag=CAD590a51e http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

The ESA is working on a 'fresh-squeezed' spacecraft that will explore Jupiter's moons, and the New Horizons team makes a case for Pluto (and many others)! ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters—we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shoutout to Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Benny, Kyle Anderson, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Will and Sonja Marple, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Bryce Daifuku, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Charles George, Bader AlGhamdi ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ESA_s_Jupiter_mission_moves_off_the_drawing_board http://lasp.colorado.edu/education/outerplanets/giantplanets_magnetospheres.php https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/index.html http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/1448.pdf http://www.space.com/35789-pluto-planethood-debate-planet-definition.html https://www.iau.org/public/themes/pluto/ Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NH-Pluto-color-NewHorizons-20150713-full.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pioneer_10_at_Jupiter.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iotorus.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_radio.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA01627_Ringe.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1560.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ganymede_g1_true-edit1.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ganymede_diagram.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:15-011a-NewHorizons-PlutoFlyby-ArtistConcept-14July2015-20150115.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg

Full podcast episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter What has New Horizons taught us about Pluto so far? What’s going on under the ice? Why does the “heart” of Pluto still beat? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Learn about the Iceland excursion: http://www.AstroTouring.com Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Mathieu B., Justin G., Tim F., Helge B., Alan M., Tim R., Ray S., Michael C., Bill S., Lars H., David C., Silvan W., David B., Kevin O., Justin R., Jessica K., James L., and Michael Z.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session, Greg Mobius for producing, and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, Chief Scientist at COSI Science Center, and the one and only Agent to the Stars (http://www.pmsutter.com).

The author and science communicator defends his rationale for demoting Pluto's status, saying the heavenly body had no place being designated a planet to begin with. Subscribe To "The Late Show" Channel HERE: http://bit.ly/ColbertYouTube For more content from "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", click HERE: http://bit.ly/1AKISnR Watch full episodes of "The Late Show" HERE: http://bit.ly/1Puei40 Like "The Late Show" on Facebook HERE: http://on.fb.me/1df139Y Follow "The Late Show" on Twitter HERE: http://bit.ly/1dMzZzG Follow "The Late Show" on Google+ HERE: http://bit.ly/1JlGgzw Follow "The Late Show" on Instagram HERE: http://bit.ly/29wfREj Follow "The Late Show" on Tumblr HERE: http://bit.ly/29DVvtR Watch The Late Show with Stephen Colbert weeknights at 11:35 PM ET/10:35 PM CT. Only on CBS. Get the CBS app for iPhone & iPad! Click HERE: http://bit.ly/12rLxge Get new episodes of shows you love across devices the next day, stream live TV, and watch full seasons of CBS fan favorites anytime, anywhere with CBS All Access. Try it free! http://bit.ly/1OQA29B --- The Late Show with Stephen Colbert is the premier late night talk show on CBS, airing at 11:35pm EST, streaming online via CBS All Access, and delivered to the International Space Station on a USB drive taped to a weather balloon. Every night, viewers can expect: Comedy, humor, funny moments, witty interviews, celebrities, famous people, movie stars, bits, humorous celebrities doing bits, funny celebs, big group photos of every star from Hollywood, even the reclusive ones, plus also jokes.

Yes, the question of what makes a planet a "planet" is back in the news after a team of planetary scientists published a new paper challenging the status quo and arguing that Pluto should be a planet again. You may have thought this issue was settled back in 2006 but many problems exist with the current definition. We explain what's wrong with the current version, what this new paper proposes instead and the consequences of the change if it were to be accepted. ::More about this Video:: ► Runyon et al. (2017), "A Geophysical Planet Definition": http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/1448.pdf ► IAU 26th General Assembly Resolution 5A, "Definition of ‘planet' ": https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/ ► Chen & Kipping (2016), "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08614 ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Full podcast episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter What has New Horizons taught us about Pluto so far? What’s going on under the ice? Why does the “heart” of Pluto still beat? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Learn about the Iceland excursion: http://www.AstroTouring.com Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Mathieu B., Justin G., Tim F., Helge B., Alan M., Tim R., Ray S., Michael C., Bill S., Lars H., David C., Silvan W., David B., Kevin O., Justin R., Jessica K., James L., and Michael Z.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session, Greg Mobius for producing, and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, Chief Scientist at COSI Science Center, and the one and only Agent to the Stars (http://www.pmsutter.com).

This proposed new definition of "planets" would bring back Pluto, but would also reclassify over a hundred other celestial bodies -- including our moon! Do You Know What Color Pluto Really Is? - https://youtu.be/8beVI8wdkZg Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Read More: Behind the Push to Get Pluto Its Planetary Groove Back http://www.seeker.com/behind-the-push-to-get-pluto-its-planetary-groove-back-2290287200.html "Pluto's loss of planetary status in 2006 remains controversial. Now a new definition is being proposed that would restore Pluto while increasing the number of "planets" in our solar system to over 110." NASA Scientists Have Proposed a New Definition of Planets, and Pluto Could Soon Be Back http://www.sciencealert.com/nasa-scientists-have-proposed-a-new-definition-for-planets-and-it-could-change-everything "The key change the team is hoping to get approved is that cosmic bodies in our Solar System no longer need to be orbiting the Sun to be considered planets - they say we should be looking at their intrinsic physical properties, not their interactions with stars." Should Pluto Be a Planet After All? Experts Weigh In http://www.space.com/9553-pluto-planet-experts-weigh.html "Pluto was demoted to a newly created category, "dwarf planet," in 2006, partly because of the discovery a year earlier of Eris, another icy body from Pluto's neighborhood. Eris was thought to be bigger than Pluto until Nov. 6, when astronomers got a chance to recalculate Eris' size." ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Watch more Seeker on our website http://www.seeker.com/shows/ Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI

Pluto was demoted to a dwarf planet in August 2006. A proposed change to the definition of "planet" could return it to its former status. Learn more about this story at www.newsy.com/67233/ Find more videos like this at www.newsy.com Follow Newsy on Facebook: www.facebook.com/newsyvideos Follow Newsy on Twitter: www.twitter.com/newsyvideos

Pluto turns out to be far more weird than anyone ever expected, with all kinds of unexplained phenomena on the surface.We sought out some of Europe’s finest ice planet experts to find out more:Pluto has been a mystery since it was discovered in 1930. First called a planet, then re-classified as a dwarf planet in 2006, the more we learn, the more it captures the imagination of scientists like ESA’s Elliot Sefton-Nash. This video is also available in the following languages: Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzLxNiAoZv4&index=1&list=PL8ACC64B7263F23D6 Italian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uOadNmKhHk&list=PLB317954F2C5A41A6&index=1 Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXPOhu2HY80&list=PLFAF2DBA3AB88EBF3&index=1 German: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt0ODtMy8eE&list=PLEC78BF163B8BCFCC&index=1 French: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0UcczNpWk4&index=1&list=PL72038BFF4E44B223 Hungarian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u17c4DC1OSs&index=1&list=PLbyvawxScNbvqQlXRzE3vVCWZ0QIBGLx2 Greek: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbAcNrjna1s&list=PLbyvawxScNbvl1OibZvkrUAl-Z_WdgRLd&index=1

Alan Stern, principal investigator of NASA’s New Horizons mission, shows the exciting images and science results yielded from the New Horizons mission as the spacecraft flew through the Pluto system, culminating in its closest approach to Pluto on July 14. New Horizon’s flyby revealed hidden wonders like tall water-ice mountains, flowing nitrogen-ice glaciers, and a surface and atmosphere undergoing constant change. Also imaged and examined was Pluto’s giant satellite Charon, as well the tiny moons Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx. This program is made possible through the generous support of Boeing.

NASA has pieced together a short film that mimics what one would see as they close in on Pluto.

Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond Neptune. Credit: ESA Follow Us: Facebook: https://goo.gl/QapZAe Twitter: https://goo.gl/RoQSmJ

New Horizons’ Pluto flyby might be in the past but the mission is far from over. This is Pluto in a Minute. Of course, Pluto was New Horizons’ primary target, but the mission was never intended to explore only one body in the outer solar system. In fact, the mission was designed to explore not just the Pluto-Charon system, but Pluto-Charon as well as multiple Kuiper Belt Objects. This is according to the 2003 decadal survey that called for a Pluto-Kuiper Belt explorer mission. This was a mission intended to explore the Pluto-Charon system and, to quote, “continue on to do reconnaissance of several additional Kuiper Belt Objects.” So New Horizons always had a Kuiper Belt object as its secondary target. Last summer when New Horizons flew by Pluto there were two options for the future Kuiper Belt flyby and now the team has selected their target. The target the New Horizons team has settled on is called 2014 MU 69, and it was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2014. The target is a really exciting one because the team suspects that it is made of the same building blocks that have formed all the Kuiper Belt planets and that includes Pluto. Now it must be said that this extended mission is pending approval by NASA. The New Horizons team will have to submit a formal proposal to the space agency later this year. But New Horizons still has a long way to go. The spacecraft will fly by its Kuiper Belt object on January 1 of 2019, which means you’ve got plenty of time to start planning that Kuiper Belt Object themed New Year’s party for 2018.

An incredibly bright burst of energy and a dent covered with ice give us insights into planetary and universal structure. Hosted by: Caitlin Hofmeister ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters -- we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shout out to Bryce Daifuku, Kevin Bealer, Justin Lentz, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Patrick Merrithew, Accalia Elementia, Fatima Iqbal, Benny, Kyle Anderson, Mike Frayn, Tim Curwick, Will and Sonja Marple, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Kathy Philip, Patrick D. Ashmore, Thomas J., Charles George, Bader AlGhamdi. ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://press.nature.com/?post_type=press_release&p=63193 http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature20120 http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature20148 http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/2348.pdf http://www.space.com/34179-plutos-heart-hints-at-deep-underground-ocean.html http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf6807 Media Links: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F.ogv https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_23_aug_2003_hubble.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FullMoon2010.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nh-pluto_crop.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_central_bulge_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_7254_The_Radio_Telescope_at_Parkes.jpg

A frozen area of Pluto, known as the 'heart' may harbour a slushy ocean between 150 and 200 km beneath its surface, NASA scientists say. This could explain why part of the region - Pluto's most prominent feature - remains securely aligned with Charon, its largest moon. Its believed the central area contains as much water as all of Earth's seas. ==The last bits of data from the #NewHorizons 2015 flyby have been delivered to Earth - https://t.co/sXc7OMB2Ur pic.twitter.com/CWdVSNaFsv&mda… READ MORE : http://www.euronews.com/2016/11/16/pluto-could-harbour-slushy-underground-ocean What are the top stories today? Click to watch: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSyY1udCyYqBeDOz400FlseNGNqReKkFd euronews: the most watched news channel in Europe Subscribe! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=euronews euronews is available in 13 languages: https://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsnetwork/channels In English: Website: http://www.euronews.com/news Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/euronews Twitter: http://twitter.com/euronews Google+: http://google.com/+euronews VKontakte: http://vk.com/en.euronews

The search for extraterrestrial life keeps getting more complicated.

Material beneath Sputnik Planitia (an area within Tombaugh Regio - Pluto's 'heart') may be pushing the surface outwards, causing a "positive gravitational anomaly," according to NASA New Horizons co-investigator Richard Binzel. This has led to a theory that slushy water-ice may be the cause of the push, and in turn, assist in the orbital alignment of Pluto and it's moon Charon. -- Full Story: https://goo.gl/nOUAT4 Credit: Space.com / imagery: NASA/SwRI/JHUAPL/Stuart Robbins / edited by @SteveSpaleta http://www.twitter.com/stevespaleta

Scientists have found that Pluto has a hidden ocean beneath its surface that may contain liquid water. Although it’s likely a bit slushy, the ocean lies 150 to 200 km beneath Pluto’s icy surface. Massachusetts Institute of Technology planetary scientist Richard Binzel said, “with its ocean covered by so much ice, Pluto is not a prime candidate for life, [but] one is careful to never say the word impossible.” Pluto has enough radioactive heat left over from its formation 4.6 billion years ago that it’s possible to contain liquid water, and therefore, life. http://feeds.reuters.com/~r/reuters/topNews/~3/_v8gEwj8Ppw/us-space-pluto-idUSKBN13B2F7 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

Images from the New Horizons spacecraft show hints of what could be a few isolated clouds scattered around the dwarf planet Pluto, the first seen in otherwise clear skies. Seven cloud candidates appear to hug the ground in images taken shortly after the probe buzzed by the planet in July 2015. Along the line where day turns to night, several isolated bright patches appear. These are consistent with clouds forming at sunset and sunrise, said mission head Alan Stern during an October 18 news conference https://www.sciencenews.org/article/possibly-cloudy-forecast-parts-pluto http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

Pluto's main atmospheric species, N2, is also frozen on its surface, as are its minor atmospheric species, CH4 and CO. The New Horizons spacecraft found complicated and intriguing evidence for a dynamically interacting surface and atmosphere. The REX instrument shows a planetary boundary layer that depends on whether there's N2 ice available to sublimate. Altitude appears to be a factor in the distribution of both N2 and CH4 ice, with N2 favoring lower altitudes (higher pressures, so higher condensation temperatures), whereas some high ridges are coated in CH4 frost. Sublimation may be responsible for some of the stranger geologic forms on Pluto. Finally, preserved landforms may point to earlier ages with more widespread volatile ice coverage or higher surface pressures. Dr. Young will talk about the evidence, and some of the ways New Horizons is influencing how we think about Pluto's atmosphere and surface.