SPACE-TIME

To support Kurzgesagt and learn more about Brilliant, go to https://www.brilliant.org/nutshell and sign up for free. The first 688 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium subscription. Are wormholes real or are they just magic disguised as physics and maths? And if they are real how do they work and where can we find them? Sources and further reading: https://authors.library.caltech.edu/9262/1/MORprl88.pdf http://www.cmp.caltech.edu/refael/league/thorne-morris.pdf Support us on Patreon so we can make more videos (and get cool stuff in return): https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt?ty=h Kurzgesagt Newsletter: http://eepurl.com/cRUQxz Kurzgesagt merch: https://bit.ly/2GeuQxZ Facebook: http://bit.ly/1NB6U5O Twitter: http://bit.ly/2DDeT83 Instagram: http://bit.ly/2DEN7r3 Discord: https://discord.gg/Fsstncs The music of the video here: Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/2B6EOnE Bandcamp: https://bit.ly/2MBHzyM Facebook: https://bit.ly/2GIoZlH THANKS A LOT TO OUR LOVELY PATRONS FOR SUPPORTING US: Big Skapinsky, Liam Wenzel, Juan Gonzalez, Grigory Sarnitsky, Brandon Cleary, Amanda Hutchings, Siddharth Amarsee, Maciamo Hay, Nick T., Gabriel Correa, Matthew McAteer, Javier Silva Calvo, javier canella, Gergely Szakács, Pernox, Alana leonhardy, Tommi Moilanen, David DiGiovanni, Jack Bernstein, Jonas Steen Nielsen, Thomas Pyke, Gizem Ozdemir, ShiroiYami, Alice Bater, Ennio Sialiti, Alexander Evans, Eric Chan, Peter Noort, Adrian Haslinger, Tomasz Różalski, Miro Cibula, Lyle Jeff, Sunil Pai, Aurélien Delaux, Piotr Pałek, Øyvind Helland, Khloudalahbaby, Nicola Larosa, Dave, Montant, Eli V, ryan oberfield, Iain Garioch, Janina Lamøy, Saurischian, Zachary Osman, Cody Douglas, Can Berk Güder, Jason Lin, Eric Lugo, Emil Hjort, Luuk Perdaems, Brandon Carraway, Zack Methven, dava, Gauthier Muguerza, Tim Andreev, Robin Gielings, Mihai Anei, Pranab Kumar Mishra, jeong-min, An, Nerijana, jongre1512, Mike Levy, David W., Jakob Stams, Linda Yancey, Leo White, John, Justin Boh, Thot, Matthew Dyet, Andrei Stefan, Patrick McKelvy, Kervan Govender, Rajiv Cruz, Peter Duncan, Ramsey Elbasheer, Zhuang Miao, Brayden Sola, frikinside, Yasmeen Mawlawi, Loic Rebillard, Nicholas Miller, Philipp Bergamin, K. Gustavo Carlos, Albin, Connor Wilson, Talal Al-Khaldi, NURO, Durham Goode, Christopher Hadley, Sean Holland, iulian constantin, Pumpk!nH34D, Douwe de Jong, Jens Baumann, Vladislav Aleynikov, Joshua Olson, Andrew Boggs, William Wu, Andrew Mckinley, Eric Burnett, Benjamin Bromberg, Barry Costa, Philippe Ryll, Barbieri Davide, Claire Baldauf, Ondrej Debreceni, Benjamin Sairanen, Elija Peterson, Eki Hassa, Ryan K. Allen, Ville Vuorela, Reinhold Dunkl, Gloria Hope, Matti Hanberg, Moritz Roell, Marco Schmidt, Trey, Jiesi Ren, Maurice Simmons, Simon Sardeson-Coe, Sam Day, Orphansmith, Noah T Blanchard, Gerald Balla, Yannick van Andel, Khaled I. Johari Help us caption & translate this video! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2 Wormholes Explained – Breaking Spacetime

What if the future influences the past? It could, according to this new quantum theory. Special thanks to Dianna from Physics Girl for her help with this episode! If you haven’t yet, go check out her channel. She’s awesome. https://www.youtube.com/user/physicswoman This Is The Only Place Antimatter Can Survive In The Universe - https://youtu.be/XD8Q3Mb1Q4I Read More: Physicists provide support for retrocausal quantum theory, in which the future influences the past https://phys.org/news/2017-07-physicists-retrocausal-quantum-theory-future.html “Recently some physicists have been looking into this idea, called ‘retrocausality,’ because it can potentially resolve some long-standing puzzles in quantum physics.“ The Quantum Mechanics of Fate http://nautil.us/issue/9/time/the-quantum-mechanics-of-fate “Physicists as renowned as John Wheeler, Richard Feynman, Dennis Sciama, and Yakir Aharonov have speculated that causality is a two-headed arrow and the future might influence the past.” Scientists Finally Prove Strange Quantum Physics Idea Einstein Hated https://gizmodo.com/scientists-finally-prove-strange-quantum-physics-idea-e-1798433666 “That concept is also known as entanglement, and it’s what allows particles that have once interacted to share a connection regardless of the separation between them.” ____________________ Elements is more than just a science show. It’s your science-loving best friend, tasked with keeping you updated and interested on all the compelling, innovative and groundbreaking science happening all around us. Join our passionate hosts as they help break down and present fascinating science, from quarks to quantum theory and beyond. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Elements on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ This episode of Seeker was co-hosted by Trace Dominguez Written by: Victoria Barrios

In this week's QA, I wonder if we could use the speed of light to see ourselves in the past, how the Mars rovers clean their solar panels, and if aliens would infect us with their bacteria and viruses. Watch the Weekly Space Hangout: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 Balázs Suhajda Hi Fraser! We use massive cosmic bodies to bend light and magnify distant objects, soon using them to observe exoplanets and their atmospheres as they were long ago. I wonder if it could be possible to find rays of light that have left earth long ago and through the curvature of space end up returning to earth with high enough resolution to allow us to look back into the past. Is it completely out of the question? path finder discovery I want to know who dusts off the solor panels when it gets dusty an it probably does often due to those huge dust storms , hmmmmmm🤔??🙃🤓🤔🙄 ohh👽👾😱😨😍 Schnitzel Vonlichenmenutz Imagine the virus’s and bacteria they may unintentionally bring. Could potentially be the end of all life on earth. Also, I hope they have a good immune system for our planetary virus’s and bacteria Alpha Gusta I notice that in some space launches that the space craft immediately starts to spin into another direction, I know some course correction is needed for different orbital planes and trajectories. But sometimes it seems like they turn 90 degrees. Why dont they just build launch platforms in somewhat the correct direction? Phil Metal When the galaxies merge or slam together, would it be a slow event until things start smashing into each other? Or would some crazy gravity changes rip world's apart and it be a cataclysmic show? In your opinion would it be a galactic reset, would anything survive CODELESS Enjoy your videos and Q & A's : i was wondering, with this Mission of colonizing mars in the future, there are some ideas that the domes could have water in them to shield Radiation. How much water is needed to block radiation as in the thickness or width of water to block radiation. Thanks XXCoder I was wondering if it was possible to make "bed cylinders" that is partitioned into 2 sleeping areas. With some automatic counterbalancing for mass differences, it may be enough for sleeping in gravity for better health? Jim Labbe If super earths are more massive and have greater gravity wells, might that make space travel much more difficult for intelligent life? Put differently, if we could increase the mass of the earth at what point might it create a physical constraint on space travel? Captain Ultimate G'day from Down Under! I am a new subscriber and I am really enjoy your videos Fraser, so thanks for your knowledge and all your hard work. Would there be any point or benefit to launching a telescope into orbit around a planet in the outer solar system like neptune, or even pluto? Or are they too close in regards to current telescopes to really return any befit? Matthew Kramer Hello Fraser, quick question: How do you think our advances in Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning and A.I in general will affect space missions in the near and distant future? Greetings Matthew Jesse Dyball Could you get two BFRs joined by long cables and have them spin? Peter Granzeier Do white dwarves have habitable zones?

An exploration of whether the Fermi Paradox is truly a paradox at all and an exploration of what time frames are involved in determining that. https://www.patreon.com/johnmichaelgodier Papers: "A Probabilistic Analysis of the Fermi Paradox", Evan Solomonides and Yervant Terzian, 2016 https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07687 Music: Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Is String Theory the final solution for all of physic’s questions or an overhyped dead end? This video was realised with the help of Dr. Alessandro Sfondrini and it was funded by SNSF under Agora Grant n. 171622 and through the NCCR SwissMAP: The Mathematics of Physics. See also our video on the black-hole information paradox: https://bit.ly/2DU6p8P Kurzgesagt Newsletter: http://eepurl.com/cRUQxz Support us on Patreon so we can make more videos (and get cool stuff in return): https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt?ty=h Kurzgesagt merch: http://bit.ly/1P1hQIH Facebook: http://bit.ly/1NB6U5O Twitter: http://bit.ly/2DDeT83 Instagram: http://bit.ly/2DEN7r3 Discord: https://discord.gg/Fsstncs The music of the video here: Soundcloud: http://bit.ly/2CsAbob Bandcamp: http://bit.ly/2oHsSPZ Facebook: http://bit.ly/2qW6bY4 THANKS A LOT TO OUR LOVELY PATRONS FOR SUPPORTING US: Flavio Storino, Alice Balcon, Hari Krishnan, Warren Wiscombe, Sara Zeglin, Asiryan Alexander, maarten sprengers, William Northern, Kerem Mimaroglu, Yana Kultysheva, Josh, Keaton Anderson, Croconaw, Peter Steinberger, Jonathan Diamond, Troy McConaghy, Paddy, Darko Sperac, Peter Burkhalter, Chris Amaris, Tyler Lovell, John Ruble, Chase Henson, Arpita Singh, Edward C.P., Andreas Edlund, Ryan Bubinski, Paul Greyson, Jerry Ding, Austin Sundquist, Daniel Link, Tim Johnson, kayleigh dreste, Johan Sjöblom, Max Stuart, Mush Rain, Andor Baranyi, Eduardas Afanasjevas, Bill Clem, Jake Smith, Stephen Woerner, Jeff Sorensen, Christopher Damsgaard, Eduardo AV, Michael Gawenka, Florian Hoedt, Lucas Nyman, Nathanael Baker, Martin Wierzyk, Mauricio Streb, Karl, Rameet Chawla, Joachim Andersen, Avinash, Erik Golden, Glenn Stoltz, Elliott Nelson, Andrew Averett, Ben Wei Help us caption & translate this video! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_p... String Theory Explained – What is The True Nature of Reality?

Einstein’s special theory of relativity is notorious for being easy to misuse, with the result that sometimes result in claims of paradoxes. When one digs more carefully into the theory, you find that no such paradoxes actually exist. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln describes a commonly claimed time dilation paradox and shows how to resolve it. Related videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXxtqK7G4Uw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CB1QFUCga0I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Txv7V_nY2eg

Purpose of Disclaimer: The Disclaimer at the beginning of the video points out to the fact that all the time dilation values have been calculated using the logic mentioned in the disclaimer. The logic has been proposed by the creater of the video. However, he/she is not responsible if the actual time on these Space objects does not match with the values stated in the video. 😛 . . Time, as we know is relative. Depending upon your proximity to a massive object and your speed, time would move slower/faster for you as compared to an isolated observer who is at rest. The video tells us how much time passes on different objects in our Galaxy when one year passes on Earth. Is the difference significant or not? Watch the video to know more. Don't forget to Like, Subscribe and Comment. *Also turn on the notification bell for regular updates* Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/astrogeekz/ We're on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astrogeekz/

Brian Greene moderates this fascinating program exploring the fundamental principles of Quantum Physics. Anyone with an interest in science will enjoy this thought-provoking and highly entertaining show. PARTICIPANTS: Mark Van Raamsdonk, Gerard ’t Hooft, David Wallace, Birgitta Whaley MODERATOR: Brian Greene Original program date: JUNE 2, 2017 WATCH THE TRAILER: https://youtu.be/JxhfU_fvlAM WATCH THE LIVE Q&A WITH MARK VAN RAAMSDONK: https://youtu.be/GvRNV6Gmmzk Ninety years after the historic double-slit experiment, the quantum revolution shows no sign of slowing. Join a vibrant conversation with renowned leaders in theoretical physics, quantum computation, and philosophical foundations, focused on how quantum physics continues to impact understanding on issues profound and practical, from the edge of black holes and the fibers of spacetime to teleportation and the future of computers. MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/programs/computational-creativity/ This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation. - Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF - Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/ - Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldsciencefestival/ - Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest TOPICS: - Brian Greene's introduction to Quantum Mechanics 00:09 - Participant Introductions 03:32 - Where do we currently stand with quantum mechanics? 05:30 - Chapter One - Quantum Basics 07:48 - The Double Slit experiment 14:18 - Chapter Two - Measurement and Entanglement 26:53 - Quantum Mechanics today is the best we have 41:27 - Chapter Three - Quantum Mechanics and Black Holes 59:07 - Black holes and Hawking Radiation 01:03:56 - Chapter Four - Quantum Mechanics and Spacetime 01:15:45 - Chapter Five - Applied Quantum 01:23:36 This program was recorded live on 6/2/17 and has been edited and condensed for our YouTube channel. Watch the original full livestream here: https://youtu.be/3qQ8r-_NdZo

Scientists may have found a way to make traversable wormholes a reality. How? Two black holes and some quantum entanglement. Quantum Teleportation Is Real, Here's How It Works - https://youtu.be/yb38jozeDOs Get 20% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code SEEKER at checkout! Read More: New Wormhole Could Resolve the Black Hole Information Paradox http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/new-wormhole-could-resolve-the-black-hole-information-paradox/ “What would happen if you fell into a black hole? For a long time, the only acceptable answer was that you would die. That is, unless a theoretical wormhole—a portal in spacetime between two black holes—were to save you.” Wormholes Might Burrow Through Black Hole Cores https://www.seeker.com/wormholes-might-burrow-through-black-hole-cores-1845995019.html “The weird physics of a black hole's singularity could turn our "classical" idea about black holes on its head. What if general relativity breaks down and the singularity isn't a singularity at all? What if we replace the singularity with a wormhole? Suddenly, instead of being the ultimate trash compactors of the universe, black holes become the ultimate sci-fi dream: they could be space-time transportation hubs.” The Oldest Black Hole Ever Found Is Almost as Old as the Universe Itself https://www.seeker.com/astrophysics/the-oldest-black-hole-ever-found-is-almost-as-old-as-the-universe-itself “A huge black hole has just been discovered that is about 13 billion light-years old – almost as old as the universe itself. The find of this supermassive black hole is puzzling astronomers because they can't figure out how this black hole was formed so early in the universe's history.” ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Special thanks to Athena Brensberger for writing and co-hosting this episode of Seeker! Check Athena out on Twitter: https://twitter.com/astroathens This episode of Seeker was co-hosted by Trace Dominguez

In this week's questions show, Fraser wonders where you'd have to go in the Universe to minimize your time dilation, how to see Iridium Flares, how interferometry works, and more. Subscribe to Fraser's weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

Brian Greene, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and co-founder of the World Science Festival, explains what we know about time travel so far. Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more. Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/ TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider -------------------------------------------------- Following is the transcript of the video: Brian Greene: I’m Brian Greene, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and co-founder of the World Science Festival. It's critical that you realize that there are two types of time travel, and they are radically different. Time travel to the future? Definitely possible. We know how to do it because Einstein showed us the way over a hundred years ago. It’s surprising how few people actually really know about this in their bones. He showed that if you go out into space and travel near the speed of light, and you turn around, and you come back, your clock will be ticking off time more slowly. So, when you step off it's going to be the future on planet Earth. You will have time traveled into the future. He also showed that if you hang out near a nice strong source of gravity — a neutron star, a black hole — and you kind of get right near the edge of that object, time also for you would slow down real slow relative to everybody else. And therefore, when you come back to Earth, for instance, it'll again be far into the future. This is not controversial stuff. Any physicist who knows what they're talking about agrees with this. But the other kind of time travel — to the past is where the arguments start to happen because many of us don't think that time travel to the past is possible. The main proposal that people at least consider worthy of attention for traveling to the past does make use of a weird concept called wormholes. A wormhole is something that really … Albert Einstein again discovered. The guy has like got his name written over everything in this field. It's a bridge, if you will, from one location space to another. It's kind of a tunnel that gives you a shortcut to go from here to here. Now he discovered this in 1935 but it was subsequently realized that if you manipulate the openings of a wormhole — put one near a black hole or take one on a high-speed journey — then time of the two openings of this wormhole tunnel will not take off at the same rate, so that you will no longer just go from one location in space to another, if you go through this tunnel — through this wormhole — you'll go from one moment in time to a different moment in time. Go one way, you'll travel to the past, the other way, travel to the future. Now again, we don't know if wormholes are real. We don't know if they are real whether you'll be able to go through them. So, there are all sorts of uncertainties here. Most of us think that you're not going to actually go on a whirlwind journey through a wormhole to the past. But it's still not ruled out.

As of late I have seen many websites and videos claim that X points are essentially portals through space that humans can take advantage of. Some even go as far to say that X points have transported small space crafts through space-time. I am here today to tell you that all of this is false, but the truth behind X points may be cooler than the embellished stories. Follow Me: https://twitter.com/CatechismYT Feel Free to Donate: https://www.patreon.com/Catechism If you enjoyed the video please hit that like button. Also, remember to subscribe for more videos just like this one. Sources: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/mag-portals.html https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/cfsa/people/valery/teaching/px420/handouts/mr1.pdf https://mms.gsfc.nasa.gov/science.html https://www.uu.edu/dept/physics/scienceguys/2004Sept.cfm http://thecanadianinstituteforappliedastronomy.yolasite.com/flux-transfer-event--interplanetary.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_transfer_event https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection Background Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Sq5Y2HzF1c&t=41s Images: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/ubernode_alt_horiz/public/mag-recon-graphic_0.jpg - NASA https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/polar-xpoint.jpg - NASA https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/gfx/news/hires/2013/asolarmagnet.jpg - Phys.org https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earths_Magnetic_Field_Confusion.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_layers_model.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Astronaut_animated_1.png https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/gfx/news/hires/2016/whyweshouldw.jpg https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/cassini/20150126/pia19055-16.jpg http://trithucvn.net/khoa-hoc/chung-dang-song-cac-cong-trinh-cu-thach-khong-chi-la-da.html https://alienpolicy.com/nasa-discovered-proof-of-portals-and-has-just-sent-four-spacecrafts-to-test-them/ Videos: 4K Galaxy Space Star Travel Zoom in Animation UHD HD Backgroundby أحمد الحسيني https://www.facebook.com/Gaia/videos/1725937790770238/?hc_ref=ARQJijqZnNG0_xwDSe49JmamGxOX6nfc5iVZ0zJ2FNbtsC4oRXpeIXznuG310kb1Nwc&pnref=story

On set right now shooting for a baby bag company! 👶🏼 Haha in the meantime let's chat about Einstein's theory of general relativity! I just wanted to lay down a basis for this before jumping into gravitational waves and field theory! Which I REALLY wanna talk about!

Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter What’s the deal with time crystals? Do they break physics as we know it? Or are they merely…neat? What do symmetries and the conservation of energy have to do with it? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G., Kevin O., Justin R., Helge B., Tim R., Michael C., Lars H., Ray S., John F., James L., Mark R., Alan M., David B., and Silvan W.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session, Greg Mobius for producing, and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, Chief Scientist at COSI Science Center, and the one and only Agent to the Stars (http://www.pmsutter.com).

Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter What’s the deal with time crystals? Do they break physics as we know it? Or are they merely…neat? What do symmetries and the conservation of energy have to do with it? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G., Kevin O., Justin R., Helge B., Tim R., Michael C., Lars H., Ray S., John F., James L., Mark R., Alan M., David B., and Silvan W.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session, Greg Mobius for producing, and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, Chief Scientist at COSI Science Center, and the one and only Agent to the Stars (http://www.pmsutter.com).

A collaboration with Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson, check out "We Have No Idea" at http://www.wehavenoidea.com Jorge's PhDComics: http://www.phdcomics.com Numberphile video about sports in hyperbolic space: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6Got0X41pY Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 This video is about the local and global geometry and curvature of space and spacetime, aka, is space flat? Negatively curved? Positively curved? etc. Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Identical Universe Where Time Flows Backwards. Theoretical physicists are now proposing there is an inverse universe where time appears to move backwards not forwards. This universe is said to be an exact copy of ours. So instead of moving from prehistoric history to the digital age, this universe is experiencing the digital age first and progressing towards prehistoric history. Watch the video to learn more. Is this inverse mirror universe possible? Tell us in the comments. If you enjoyed the video please hit that like button. Also, remember to subscribe for more videos just like this one. Follow Me: https://twitter.com/CatechismYT Feel Free to Donate: https://www.patreon.com/Catechism Background Music: Composer - Jake LaVallee, Owner of http://uncopyrightedmusic.net

Fasten your interstellar seatbelt and flip your brain into overdrive. Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Godfrey are here to answer fan-submitted Cosmic Queries on the fabric of spacetime. Explore the edge of the known universe and whether there might be more unknown universe waiting beyond the horizon. You’ll hear about the fascinating theory describing our universe as a 3-D holographic projection of another higher-dimensioned reality. You’ll hear why dark matter could be “gravitational bleeding” from another dimension and how it’s possible that the study of dark matter and dark energy will unlock the secrets to traveling backwards in time. Investigate the connections between dark matter, Newtonian physics, and Occam’s razor. Neil also explains why the curvature of space is hard for us to see given that we are embedded in space itself. Find out about the Fermi paradox and the idea that extraterrestrial life might have already visited Earth and deemed life unintelligent. Discover more about Sir Isaac Newton: the problems Neil would ask him to solve today, how he invented calculus on a dare, and why Godfrey thinks he might be annoying to talk to in the modern era. All this, plus, a fan asks Neil, “How many physicists does it take to change a light bulb?” and his response is something you will not want to miss. For more exclusive content and commercial-free full episodes, subscribe to StarTalkAllAccess.com If you love StarTalk Radio, don't miss out on any StarTalk news. Sign up for our free newsletter: http://www.startalkradio.net/newsletter/youtube/ Catch up with StarTalk Radio around the web: iTunes - http://bit.ly/SOHDg6 SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/startalk Stitcher - http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/startalk TuneIn - http://tunein.com/radio/StarTalk-Radio-p334521/ Google Play Music - https://play.google.com/music/m/I6lczawbvvafjdburzbcc23aacu?t=StarTalk_Radio Twitter - https://twitter.com/StarTalkRadio Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/StarTalkRadio Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+startalkradio Snapchat - https://www.snapchat.com/add/startalk-radio Pinterest - http://pinterest.com/startalk/ Tumblr - http://startalkradio.tumblr.com/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/startalkradio The List App - https://li.st/startalkradio

In this week’s Q&A, Fraser talks about black holes consuming dark matter, if traveling faster than light moves you backwards in time, and what those big pools under rockets are for. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEIt... Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain

Scientists have a few theories. Learn more about this story at www.newsy.com/70096/ Find more videos like this at www.newsy.com Follow Newsy on Facebook: www.facebook.com/newsyvideos Follow Newsy on Twitter: www.twitter.com/newsyvideos

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Paul Dirac’s insights into the nature of Quantum Mechanics laid the foundation for Quantum Field Theory and predicted the existence of anti-matter. Part 1 in our series on Quantum Field Theory. Try Skillshare at http://skl.sh/spacetime You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Review our quantum mechanics playlist: http://bit.ly/2rWTYSO Book recommendations: The Quantum Divide, by Christopher Gerry & Kimberley Bruno The Character of Physical Law, by Richard Feynman Previous Episode: Supervoids vs Colliding Universes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA It’s 1928. Over the past quarter century, the greatest geniuses of the modern era discovered the two keys to the fundamental nature of reality. Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity had changed forever the way we think of motion, space, and time. And the emerging field of quantum mechanics had radically altered our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Yet this year one brilliant insight would bring these theories together and unveil the quantum fabric of reality. It would also predict the existence of antimatter. Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments answered by Matt: Sourcedrop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z12fglgxiqyuzroqx04cjly40pboiddbqt40k Vhsjpdfg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z13jylhxnpqzwjt5s04cehcilubxjvaoqp40k Galdo145 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z135j5141pmhv1yop04cfdcjmojfgnbqznw0k Pradhyumn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z122hjuyfybrxpr3a22vctvxhkeahfmwq04 Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang Shane Robinson David Nicklas Eugene Lawson Quasar Tambe Barsbay Coolascats Max Levine Hypernova Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Joseph Salomone Martha Hunt Craig Peterson Prof. Dr. Kenneth Michael Beck Science Via Markets Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alex Seto Conor Dillon Jared Moore Michal-Peanut Karmi Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Jade Bilkey Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Ronny Polonia Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Eric Jackson

If you're a fan of science fiction, you may already know about wormholes: a hypothetical connection between widely separated regions of space-time. This passageway could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe... but how is one made? On this episode of Through The Wormhole physicists explain the science behind black holes and wormholes to decide whether or not it would be possible to time travel. Subscribe to us here: https://www.youtube.com/user/yourdiscoveryscience?sub_confirmation=1 Like us at: https://www.Facebook.com/yourdiscoveryscience

Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] Subscribe to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1 Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic Hello Everyone! Welcome to OUR Universe! If you've enjoyed the video... click the LIKE button! If you want to support the channel... click the SUBSCRIBE button! TITLE: Light Is A Time Machine! LINKS: 1. Space.com http://www.space.com/15830-light-speed.html 2. UCSD http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/Intro.html 3. UCR http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/measure_c.html OTHER VIDEOS: 1. How Does The Sun Produce Energy? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL2PbAy99wE 2. The Origins Of Gravity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO6KanqaACc 3. How BIG Is The Milky Way? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XTx1Qer9tk Thanks for Watching! Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Using geometry we can not only understand, but visualize how causality dictates the order of events in our universe. Start your Audible trial today at http://www.audible.com/spacetime You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g In this episode we dive deeper into the relationship between space and time and explore how we can geometrically map the causality of the universe and increase our understanding of how time and distance relate to one another. Important Reference Episodes: The Speed of Light is not about Light (1:16) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo Can You Trust Your Eyes in Space Time? (1:16) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4rW_pPbD-U Previous Episode: Why Quasars are so Awesome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&t=63s Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments Answered by Matt: Michael Lloyd https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z135yvabnnr2t1cfv22azxuyiwmux5xai04 Jose Hernandez https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z13zzv5wmvrhe5hpn04chzwbnoznthg4j1w Joan Eunice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13ncrdwnpj0wfplk23exlqwqnauvkpc Mike Cammiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13fxdlopsylwh5f122rh3oycpyxjr1pn04 Bikram Sao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z12uytbouwb0t3pym04cg3szjmqyeffzvlo0k Cinestar Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z121zlv51n3ls5m5b04cjpjwcpavu5xok3s Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang Henry Van Styn David Nicklas Quasar Jelle Slaets Tambe Barsbay Joel Brinton Luna IT Solutions Hypernova Joe Chuck Zegar Craig Peterson Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Avan & Kyan Griggs Bernardo Higuera Jade Bilkey Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Michael Fischer Dylan Merida Amy Jie Anthony Caridi Avi Goldfinger Corey Smeaton John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Ronny Polonia Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Kirk Mathews Loro Lukic Carl P. Corliss Brandon labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Eric Jackson Will and Sonja Marple

Full podcast episodes: http://www.askaspaceman.com Support: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter Follow: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter and http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Are wormholes real or what? How did we even start thinking of them? If we could build one, would it be possible to actually, you know, use it? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/PaulMattSutter Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Mathieu B., Justin G., Jerry, Tim F., Helge B., Alan M., Tim R., Ray S., Michael C., Bill S., Lars H., David C., Silvan W., David B., Kevin O., and Justin R.! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. Thanks to WCBE Radio for hosting the recording session and Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter, who is a legit scientist (http://www.pmsutter.com)

There’s one interpretation of the meaning of quantum mechanics that manages to skip a lot of the unphysical weirdness of the mainstream interpretations: it's de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave theory. Help us continue making this show by contributing here: https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help tranlate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g There are some pretty out-there explanations for the processes at work behind the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics - things are both waves and particles at the same time, the act of observation defines reality, cats are alive and dead, or even: the universe is constantly splitting into infinite alternate realities. The weird results of quantum experiments seem to demand weird explanations of the nature of reality. In this episode, Matt discusses de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave theory, the one interpretation of quantum mechanics that remains comfortably, stodgily physical. Links to Sources The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-MNSLsjjdo&t=53s The Many Worlds of the Quantum Multiverse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzKWfw68M5U&t=690s Is This What Quantum Mechanics Looks Like? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIyTZDHuarQ A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of "Hidden" Variables. I: David Bohm, 1952, Phys. Rev. 85, 166 http://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.85.166 Bohms original paper is behind the journal paywall (sorry!), however many other readings on Bohmian mechanics are available here: http://www.bohmian-mechanics.net/readings_books.html Previous Space Time Episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10 Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments Answered by Matt Burak Bağdatlı https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z13hvpcjrlndslnyb04cctjqrvb4hpkphe4 Sebastián López https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z124yxrjyw3ywvicm23wspagcxracphvg The757packerfan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z13ujbnznvmfjnhag04cgtprtriafnj4t2k Special thanks to our Patreon Hypernova and Quasar Supporters: Joel Brinton Antonio Park Alastair Taft Clock Watcher Joe John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Jade Bilkey Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Bernardo Higuera Michael Fischer Dylan Merida Colette Weeks Amy Jie Anthony Caridi Avi Goldfinger Corey Smeaton John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Ronny Polonia Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Kirk Mathews Loro Lukic Carl P. Corliss Brandon labonte David Crane Greg Weiss David Matteson Marc Lagarde Eric Jackson Will and Sonja Marple

Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] Subscribe to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1 Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic CAN BLACK HOLES STOP TIME?! Hello Everyone! Welcome to OUR Universe! If you've enjoyed the video... click the LIKE button! If you want to support the channel... click the SUBSCRIBE button! LINKS: 1. Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole 2. Cornell University Library: https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.1722 3. HubbleSite: http://hubblesite.org/reference_desk/faq/answer.php.id=62&cat=exotic OUTRO: 1. WHAT IS... A BLACK HOLE? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn3AjzyxCQc 2. WHERE DID THE BIG BANG HAPPEN? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDMlwcBnXEA 3. GALACTIC EVOLUTION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d3wMsp_cfQ Thanks for Watching! Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/astronomic1 Instagram: https://www.instragram.com/astronomic1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astronomicbook Exclusive Content: https://www.curious.com/astronomic Support ASTRONOMIC: https://www.patreon.com/Astronomic PayPal Donations: [email protected] to ASTRONOMIC: https://www.youtube.com/astronomic1

Is our universe a definitive single reality or is it merely one within an infinitely branching multiverse? Be sure to check out Physics Girl’s Dianna Cowern for more awesome science https://www.youtube.com/c/physicsgirl Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics tells us that observation collapses a probability wave into a single definitive outcome, but this isn’t the only interpretation of quantum mechanics. The many worlds theory proposes that the wavefunction never actually collapses. The observer simply follows one of those many possible paths into their present reality while all the other paths continue on independent of the observer. Each of these paths branches off into an entirely different reality. In this episode Matt discusses the details of the many worlds theory and why it’s not so far-fetched to think that our reality is simply one of an infinite number of realities existing within space time. Links to sources: The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-MNSLsjjdo Hugh Everett's Ph.D. Dissertation http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/manyworlds/pdf/dissertation.pdf Crazy Pool Vortex https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnbJEg9r1o8 Previous Episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jowVq81AgGw Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Primordial black holes may be lurking throughout our universe. How large are they, how many are out there and what would happen if they moved through our solar system? To learn more about black holes, gravity and so much more check out The Great Courses Plus by going to http://ow.ly/JqPz30491TL Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Scientists believe that many black holes may have been created at the time of the Big Bang and and are still roaming our universe today. If we found them they would tell us a great deal about the origins of the cosmos. Previous Episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAoEnV3Zt_Q How to Build a Black Hole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0 Do Events Inside Black Holes Happen? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNaEBbFbvcY Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments answered by Matt: Parameth Ratnasakha https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgJt6aIeNjKjG5lD9OH75Eg Turcan Fred https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_gBta_f1xA4bPsdWVoMerg Leonidas Pereira https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5JxQoYgHYrfttfKipfP5rQ ZombieWelder https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKsvZzjVBZ5PVhvhU4vMAbg Goodsire https://www.youtube.com/user/joshyman221 Arduenn Schwartzman https://www.youtube.com/user/arduenn

Black holes are the most impressive objects in the Universe, but when happens when they crash into each other is absolutely mind-bending. They distort space and time itself, sending ripples out into the Universe. Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us on Tumblr: http://universetoday.tumblr.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Chad Weber - [email protected] Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE The sign of a truly great scientific theory is by the outcomes it predicts when you run experiments or perform observations. And one of the greatest theories ever proposed was the concept of Relativity, described by Albert Einstein in the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to helping us understand that light is the ultimate speed limit of the Universe, Einstein described gravity itself as a warping of spacetime. He did more than just provide a bunch of elaborate new explanations for the Universe, he proposed a series of tests that could be done to find out if his theories were correct. One test, for example, completely explained why Mercury’s orbit didn’t match the predictions made by Einstein. Other predictions could be tested with the scientific instruments of the day, like measuring time dilation with fast moving clocks. Since gravity is actually a distortion of spacetime, Einstein predicted that massive objects moving through spacetime should generate ripples, like waves moving through the ocean. Just by walking around, you leave a wake of gravitational waves that compress and expand space around you. However, these waves are incredibly tiny. Only the most energetic events in the entire Universe can produce waves we can detect. It took over 100 years to finally be proven true, the direct detection of gravitational waves. In February, 2016, physicists with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO announced the collision of two massive black holes more than a billion light-years away. Any size of black hole can collide. Plain old stellar mass black holes or supermassive black holes. Same process, just on a completely different scale. Let’s start with the stellar mass black holes. These, of course, form when a star with many times the mass of our Sun dies in a supernova. Just like regular stars, these massive stars can be in binary systems. Imagine a stellar nebula where a pair of binary stars form. But unlike the Sun, each of these are monsters with many times the mass of the Sun, putting out thousands of times as much energy. The two stars will orbit one another for just a few million years, and then one will detonate as a supernova. Now you’ll have a massive star orbiting a black hole. And then the second star explodes, and now you have two black holes orbiting around each other. As the black holes zip around one another, they radiate gravitational waves which causes their orbit to decay. This is kind of mind-bending, actually. The black holes convert their momentum into gravitational waves. As their angular momentum decreases, they spiral inward until they actually collide. What should be one of the most energetic explosions in the known Universe is completely dark and silent, because nothing can escape a black hole. No radiation, no light, no particles, no screams, nothing. And if you mash two black holes together, you just get a more massive black hole. The gravitational waves ripple out from this momentous collision like waves through the ocean, and it’s detectable across more than a billion light-years. This is exactly what happened earlier this year with the announcement from LIGO. This sensitive instrument detected the gravitational waves generated when two black holes with 30 solar masses collided about 1.3 billion light-years away. This wasn’t a one-time event either, they detected another collision with two other stellar mass black holes. Regular stellar mass black holes aren’t the only ones that can collide. Supermassive black holes can collide too. From what we can tell, there’s a supermassive black hole at the heart of pretty much every galaxy in the Universe. The one in the Milky Way is more than 4.1 million times the mass of the Sun, and the one at the heart of Andromeda is thought to be 110 to 230 million times the mass of the Sun. In a few billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda are going to collide, and begin the process of merging together. Unless the Milky Way’s black hole gets kicked off into deep space, the two black holes are going to end up orbiting one another.

For those of you in New York City you can check out Matt live at PBS Nerd Night at the NYC YouTube Space on Thursday night September 22nd. Hope to see you there. to.pbs.org/nerdnight Albert Einstein strongly disagreed with Niels Bohr when it came to Bohr’s interpretation of quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement settled the argument once and for all. Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode - Self-Replicating Robots and Galactic Domination https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4H55wybU3rI Veritasium’s video Quantum Entanglement and Spooky Action at a Distance at 7:36 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuvK-od647c How the Quantum Eraser Rewrites the Past at 8:41 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ORLN_KwAgs Einstein argued that elementary particles maintained their intrinsic values whether they were being observed or not. Bohr believed that in observing such particles we collapsed a wave function of probabilities. He asserted that it is only when these wave functions collapse that one of many probabilities is chosen and the particles take on distinct values. Quantum entanglement, John Stewart Bell and Alain Aspect eventually proved that Bohr was correct. Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments: Borne Stellar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4H55wybU3rI&lc=z13kddtono20c1h2g22kx1brstvvsthus Strofi Kornego https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4H55wybU3rI&lc=z12vh34b2l2uxvagy04cg5swtqf0s3gb1o00k Daniel Oberley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4H55wybU3rI&lc=z12rsv2yszi5td21w22aytvhxvagg1giz04

Thank you to: http://qz.com/783269/china-launched-cacs-the-worlds-most-accurate-cold-atomic-clock-into-space

Has a fifth fundamental force been discovered and how will this effect our understanding of the universe? Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Quantum Eraser Challenge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Uzytrooz44 Previous Episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jW55cViXu6s New Fundamental Particle Discovered https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFOgIijPWGY A laboratory in Hungary has has witnessed a startlingly strange reaction between Beryllium-8 atoms. It seems to point to the existence of a fundamental force beyond the four we already know. And this new force may have something to do with dark matter. Nature Article on Radioactive Decay Anomaly http://www.nature.com/news/has-a-hungarian-physics-lab-found-a-fifth-force-of-nature-1.19957 The associated Feng et al. 2016 paper: http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07411 Krasznahorkay et al. 2015 first report the anomaly https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01527 Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Challenge Winners: Dana D Michael Eby Benjamin Midtvedt Annabelle Strong Mohamad Zeina Gabriel Bean

Matt challenges you to use quantum physics to win the lottery. Are you up to the task? Previous Episode on Quantum Eraser https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ORLN_KwAgs Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g The Quantum Eraser experiment seems to show that information can travel backwards in time. On today’s episode of Space Time, we are going to create a time-traveling communication device and use it to cheat on the lottery! Here's Your Challenge question: Why am I going to be sadly disappointed after turning on my invention? I do get a signal – nice work future me – and that signal DOES contain the interference patterns from my future choices with perfect fidelity. But for some reason I can’t read the numbers. What went wrong? Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Challenge Answers Submit your answers with full work to [email protected] for a chance to win a Space Time t-shirt. Make sure you use the subject title “Quantum Eraser Challenge question” to be in the running. Submit answers before August 24, 2016.

Try Audible: http://www.audible.com/spacetime Causality is meant to move in one direction: forward. But the Quantum Eraser experiment seems to reverse causality. How and why can this happen and what are the implications of this experiment on how we understand Quantum Mechanics and our greater universe? Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g A Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Kim, Yu, Kulik, Shih & Scully, 2000, Physical Review Letters v.84 p.1 http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9903047v1 Previous Episode on Can We Survive the Destruction of the Earth? ft. Neal Stephenson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE Previous Episode on The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-MNSLsjjdo Gamma Ray Bursts by In a Nutshell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLykC1VN7NY Episode written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments answered by Matt MirceaKitsune https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z12vfjjhemf1sxi5104cir5g2kisylrwdqw0k tsjoencinema https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z13axr1zmzygftjf522mwjaq5tyruty1p Weapon Valhalla https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z133h3whrzi4sfqne23htd3hymjoylkyj04 Narigone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z12bftwgfk3wwp4ia04cc3ar2xiuvpvhnqw0k TimmacTR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z12nhp5qypb2ytnhq04cj11xwnn2ihyieag kaleb tandberg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z122tp3ycsv4u3kd023tyz4wfsyzzzdvn The deathless face of the unborn mind https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z12ptr35szykzf4gu04cjp3z0lmchvwwzrw0k Error 404: Hodor Not Found https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjmlwdUK4RE&lc=z12gefxxuufihh43t23pezs5ryalxjhbp04

In Episode 4 we look at the concept of wormholes, how they derive from General Relativity, the various different types and theories, and some under-considered uses of wormholes. We'll also discuss some myths and misunderstandings of the concept. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/ftl04-wormholes Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier Matt Visser's 1989 paper "Traversable wormholes: Some simple examples": https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0907

The double slit experiment radically changed the way we understand reality. To check out any of the lectures available from The Great Courses Plus go to http://ow.ly/QVaz302duhX and get ready to learn about everything from cooking to calculus. Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g The double slit experiment radically changed the way we understand reality. Find out what the ramifications of this experiment were and how we can use it to better comprehend our universe. Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Previous Episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJ2RNBAFLj0 The Planck Length and the Origin of Quantum Mechanics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQSbms5MDvY Veritasium and the Double Slit Experiment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzbKb59my3U Is Quantum Tunneling Faster than Light? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IfmgyXs7z8 Comments by: Jason Blank https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NqbRcwWwPw&lc=z13mhf0rcurtybftb23nf3yalruqvx2dm Deisisase https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NqbRcwWwPw&lc=z13uifuzxlr3xvc1022ly1jo4uijfjhgj04 Bike Jake https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NqbRcwWwPw&lc=z13mcnhbglncgpbc122wgxsabw31xdvqw04 An Imposter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NqbRcwWwPw&lc=z12hyl5z4lvsjdihn04cgbhbsnnivhbgdqw0k

To check out any of the lectures available from Great Courses Plus go to http://ow.ly/K9mK301cRdj and get ready to learn about everything from cooking to calculus. Previous episode on Quantum Tunneling and the de Broglie Wavelength: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IfmgyXs7z8 Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Planck's Length is the length below which the concept of length loses its meaning. What exactly does that mean and what are the incredible implications this fact has upon our reality? To find out check out this episode of Space Time where Matt digs into the early history of quantum mechanics. Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Comments by: BrunoJMR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgv2WWpm7_s&lc=z12wsxth5oa1fvgzy04ccjpwjq3jxhebbc0 Prasad Deshmukh https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgv2WWpm7_s&lc=z130zlxzpsnwudcfu22jc3go0yejelhrq04 Gary Palmer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgv2WWpm7_s&lc=z125vb0ygumeyzv1b224vni5sxfler2uu Ed Eggermont https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgv2WWpm7_s&lc=z12kehkorrqxffvng22utliaqknid3bht04 Dylan T https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgv2WWpm7_s&lc=z123yzaazwi3gl5ag04cgrqjlvexgxhrndo

Start your Audible trial today: http://www.audible.com/spacetime Hello from the other side. In this episode find out how quanta can can move through solid objects. Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Where are you right now? Until you interact with another particle you could be any number of places within a wave of probabilities. This is only one way that quantum mechanics challenges our perception of reality. Matt dives into these counter-intuitive ideas and explains the bizarre phenomenon known as quantum tunneling in this episode of Space Time. Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) *Paper referenced in episode is "Measurement of the Single-Photon Tunneling Time" by Steinberg, Kwiat, & Chiao, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 708 and can be found here: http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.708 Check out the previous episode of Space Time: Is an Ice Age Coming? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztninkgZ0ws

In Episode 3 we look at the concept of warp drives, a theoretical type of spaceship propulsion that warps spacetime to allow faster than light travel. We discuss the basic concept and the scientific and technological hurdles to developing it, along with clearing up many of the myths about it. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/ftl03-alcubierre-drive References: Miguel Alcubierre's original 1994 paper http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0009013v1.pdf Finazzi, Liberati, and Barcel's 2009 Analysis of Instabilities http://arxiv.org/pdf/0904.0141v2.pdf

Our second installment of a new series looking at Faster Than Light, or FTL, concepts and technologies. In this episode we look at the Tachyon, a hypothetical superluminal particle than can travel back in time as well as looking at what theory tells us about Time Travel and Temporal Paradoxes. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/ftl02-tachyons-and-time-travel Music: "Doctor Who - Into the Doctor" by PJM25595//Dalekium https://www.youtube.com/user/PJM25595 "Morninglight" by Frank Dorittke http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Frank_Dorittke/ "The Terminator Theme" (Orchestral Remix) by Morten Malvik https://www.youtube.com/user/mormalv "Mario Bava Sleeps In a Little Later Than He Expected To" by Chris_Zabriskie https://www.youtube.com/user/chriszab...

Our first installment of a new series looking at Faster Than Light, or FTL, concepts and technologies. In this episode we review the basics of Special Relativity and some misconceptions about it, then look at Quantum Entanglement. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/ftl01-quantum-entanglement Music: "Doctor Who - Into the Doctor" by PJM25595//Dalekium https://www.youtube.com/user/PJM25595 "Mario Bava Sleeps In a Little Later Than He Expected To" by Chris_Zabriskie https://www.youtube.com/user/chriszabriskie

Fay Dowker tells the story of general relativity and its interactions with Newtonian physics, from Galileo to cutting edge research on the granularity of spacetime. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe Watch the Q&A that follows this talk here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyBGWd6IddU Fay Dowker is Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London and works on the problem of quantum gravity. Her research is based on the hypothesis that spacetime is fundamentally granular or atomic, and she has done numerous public lectures. Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe The Ri is on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/ Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter

What are… things? Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Now that we’ve broken down our preconceived notions about mass and time, let’s redefine what they really are. Since we know that time is not a universal constant, what is? On this week’s Space Time, Matt defines causal order and explains how even though time may look different to multiple observers, it is the one concrete reality that we can all agree on. The True Nature of Matter and Mass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSKzg... When Time Breaks Down https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ _____________________ FURTHER READING: Lorentz Transformation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation _____________________ COMMENTS: Endre Kovács https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ&lc=z12phnyohlrag1l5g04cj3byypregxqwciw ectoplasm2369 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ&lc=z12ftb25bu3xdpvkr23kxfvjnnz4x54mk BrunoJMR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ&lc=z13cupk5ivbch53qm04ccjpwjq3jxhebbc0 ______________________ Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

This episode on the physics of time syncs perfectly with Pink Floyd's 'Dark Side of the Moon.' Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Last week we learned how motion gives matter its mass. But how does motion affect time? Let’s dive deeper into the true nature of matter and mass by exploring Einstein’s photon clock thought experiment, and the phenomenon that is time dilation. Last Week's Episode: The True Nature of Matter and Mass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSKzgpt4HBU The Speed of Light is NOT About Light https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo ______________________ Original thumbnail art by Charles Ballard http://cdesignz2k.deviantart.com/art/Tic-Toc-a-space-time-clock-214287288 ______________________ COMMENTS: Paramdeep Singh obheroi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSKzgpt4HBU&lc=z13gtjkwuv2luzwaw04cjlag3qmitx0ajco Bernardo SOUSA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSKzgpt4HBU&lc=z123vrbrawvzjdj3i22pflhzekm0tputk Joshua Hillerup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSKzgpt4HBU&lc=z133jfi4tw2bjdia204cfd1jgozeydsyikg0k ______________________ Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Are matter, mass, and time real? Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g We know that mass is energy… but what is energy? And where did matter and time even come from? Matt begins to dive into these intricate topics by first examining what inertial mass is, how it relates to gravitational mass, and what it all means for mass as a fundamental property. The Speed of Light is NOT About Light https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo The Real Meaning of E=mc² https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo232kyTsO0 ______________________ COMMENTS: Caleb Limb https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kixAljyfdqU&lc=z13quhjzkvituzvmf23fx5oy5pzxilxeh Felix Feist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kixAljyfdqU&lc=z12fvxor4kn5jxexj04cgrhw2v2bv5rywf0 deathbypowerpoint https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kixAljyfdqU&lc=z124hzobmyvhxdx4n04cef5xzrjpwjob52c ______________________ FURTHER READING: Inertial Mass http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae305.cfm Equivalence Principle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle ______________________ Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

What is the Higgs field and why is it a fundamental part of our universe? Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Quantum Field Theory is generally accepted as an accurate description of the subatomic universe. However until recently this theory had one giant hole in it. The particles it describes had no mass! The Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism were proposed long ago in order to give particles mass, but it was only in 2012 that the existence of the field was proved with the discovery of the Higgs boson by the Large Hadron Collider. In this episode of Space Time, we tell you exactly how the Higgs field can "give" something mass, which opens the door to a deeper understanding of what mass really is. ______________________ Comments: AFastidiousCuber https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0&lc=z12gxfljuqeqybnvb22pijcjhympx3hyc04 Casteverus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0&lc=z13jhbdifmvvgtds122igdapnqjqe1vt4 Gareth Dean https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0&lc=z12qfluaqqn1cbswj04chx1bhrjygnzoif0 WR3ND https://www.youtube.com/watchv=xx4562gesw0&lc=z12xxhwzbpqgcpv2v221whw54p3ef5zs1 ______________________ Further Reading and Watching: Leonard Susskind on the Higgs interaction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqNg819PiZY Gravitational waves heating up a star: McKernan et al. 2014 http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1414

Are there really shortcuts through space and time? Cody Levine helps separate fact from science fiction. Cody Levine is a 6th-grade student who has been passionate about space since he could walk. Nothing gets him more pumped than talking about negative energy! This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx

Has the last great prediction of Einstein's general relativity finally been verified? Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g For the past 90 years, the predictions laid out Einstein's general theory of relativity have continued to be confirmed by experimental science. The last hold out is gravitational waves - the idea that certain gravitational events cause actual ripples in Spacetime. The problem is that the effects are almost beyond microscopic, so they are incredibly hard to detect. But have scientist done it? Have gravitational waves finally been directly observed??? Watch the episode to find out. Gravitational Waves Extra Credit: Nature article on rumor: http://www.nature.com/news/has-giant-ligo-experiment-seen-gravitational-waves-1.18449 Lawrence Krauss' tweet: https://twitter.com/LKrauss1/status/647510799678750720 Comments: Eshan Das https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z12ueztykoiusb4ra04cc5hy4zz1dnkwujw NOBUNAGA1991 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z13ji1objvn4cdas223lib3wzmnvhvc5e04 aaroNiGHTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z12uhtdayxj2jpveu22bttlivovqtxmos04 Tim Pipp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z12ydpwphkq1xr2fy22yj1pasqq2yvyfi Marse Petrarse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z12pyr1jtwywsr0vv22gsbnz1oi4xbsia04 Procyon Beta https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z125spnzlzjdfn1w504ciplq0pfhy5ujxpg0k dentoncrimescene https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzZGPCyrpSU&lc=z13gjl0hbrzut33bl04cj3rzetfvutkgiyg0k

The Speed of Causality Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Support us on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g The speed of light is often cited as the fastest anything can travel in our universe. While this might be true, the speed of light is the EFFECT and not the CAUSE of this phenomenon. So what's the cause? On this week's episode of Space Time, Matt helps explain what the speed of light REALLY is and why it’s the cosmic speed limit of our universe! "The Real Meaning of E=mc²": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo232kyTsO0 "Are Space And Time An Illusion?": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YycAzdtUIko ----------------------------------------­­--------- SOURCES: Einstein's derivation or the Lorentz transformation from the invariant speed of light: Einstein, Albert (1916) "Relativity: The Special and General Theory" http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924011804774#page/n159/mode/2up Lorentz Transformation without invariant speed of light, from relativity, isotropy, and consistency of frame transitions (closure group postulate): von Ignatowsky, “Das Relativitatsprinzip,” Archiv der Mathematik und Physik 17, 1–24 (1911) Berzi1 & Gorini, J. Math. Phys. 10, 1518 (1969) http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1665000 Pelissetto & Testa, American Journal of Physics, 83, 338, (2015) "Getting the Lorentz transformations without requiring an invariant speed" http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.02423 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivations_of_the_Lorentz_transformations ----------------------------------------­­--------- COMMENTS: Denny Hiu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwwIFcdUFrE&lc=z124w3dhotmtx34lk224wzxyhwqufdefe . (RadimaxRadimaX) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwwIFcdUFrE&lc=z124xv145zzkzpiei233spnqjzraejjig04 Epsilon Lazerface https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwwIFcdUFrE&lc=z12fv5ejyzyyc1dbv04cgzhyxknfzdnjcao LassieDog999 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwwIFcdUFrE&lc=z12zz13iezrqh142k23kitgxuqjqy35su Tenebrae https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwwIFcdUFrE&lc=z134yj2pcvrkhnu4u04ccdxhuufvuvkomd0 ----------------------------------------­­--------- REFERENCES: Krauss & Scherrer 2007 http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0221 Vardanyan, Trotta & Silk, 2011 http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5476 ----------------------------------------­­--------- Let us know what topics you want to learn more about:http://bit.ly/spacetimepoll