BLACK HOLES

Most sources talk about Schwarzschild black holes, but those don't spin. Most are what we call Kerr black holes, or rotating black holes, surrounded by a region called an ergosphere. The spacetime around them is not only stretched, but also twisted, leading to some strange phenomena. ________________________________ VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS Black Hole Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K-zpTeryROTkmzzsMssSMWp What is Electric Charge? https://youtu.be/gvX29HPmBEI The Ultimate Guide to Relativity: https://youtu.be/FdWMM6aXpYE ________________________________ RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS Veritasium on Spinning Black Holes: https://youtu.be/fu3645D4ZlI Kurzgesagt on Spinning Black Holes: https://youtu.be/ulCdoCfw-bY Fraser Cain on Spinning Black Holes: https://youtu.be/SMrwHnow3hk ________________________________ SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook): https://gumroad.com/l/ubSc Merchandise: http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/ ________________________________ HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS Einsteinium Crazies: LT Marshall Faulds, Kenny Holmes, Ilya Yashin, Rick Finn Plutonium Crazies: Anamnesia, JKLMN Anderson, Timothy Blahout, Drake Dragon, Kevin MacLean Platinum Crazies: Vittorio Monaco, Al Davis, Stephen Blinn, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Evgeny Ivanov ________________________________ OTHER SOURCES http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NAME+Sgr+A* https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.2130 http://notizblock.yukterez.net/viewtopic.php?p=225/ http://www.madore.org/~david/math/kerr.html https://www.nature.com/news/spin-rate-of-black-holes-pinned-down-1.13512 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/multimedia/pia16696.html http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~ghezgroup/gc/journey/smbh.html ________________________________ LINKS TO COMMENTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7tQJ42nGno&lc=UgzASerpKIUtyprIaKd4AaABAg ________________________________ IMAGE CREDITS Supermassive Black Hole: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1835c/ Black Hole Eating: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005 #blackholes #astronomy #generalrelativity

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a new study that found a technique to study blackholes better and to even "see" them. The study is here: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.03877.pdf Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Mayumi Mark Teranishi Lilith Dawn Marin Templeton Sam Reed William Nick Dolgy Luminger Greg Lambros Unexpectedbooks.com Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Jordan Michael Mitsuda Lyndon Riley Jer Dave Blair Leo Wehrli Konrad Kummli Alexander Leimbeck Sander Stols Kai Raphahn Sergio Ruelas Olegas Budnik Tracy Burgess Bartholomew Macaluso Gordon Cooper George Williams Jayjay Volz Shinne AA Justin Fortune Chase Staggs Jakub Glos Toğrul Hüseynli Moonic Robert MacDonald Becky Giovanni Perryman Steven Zachary Fluke Anataine Deva Bob Davies Steve Aiello Michael Rucker Tom Warren Xyndicate Bodo Graßmann Liam Moss Michael Koebel Gary Steelman Jake Salo Shelley Passage Honey Suzanne Lyons Arikkat A Unnikrishnan Angelina Werner Steve Wotton Rock Howard Daniel Coleman Aneliya Pancheva Niji Ralph Spataro Peter Hamrak Andrey Vesnin Willem ter Harmsel Robert Wyssbrod James Myers MrR Vincent L Cleaver Jacob Spencer Stan Komander Claye Griffith Jakub Rychecky JohnTaylorWalker Jon Haynes Shaun Cahill George Naumov Kyle eagle David Lewis Matthew Lazear Michael J Fluharty Howard Zhang Former Patrons: Tim Sageser Jokage Jurrien Diepenbroek Lunos Hundolin Galaxia Zio Nelson Reyes Brett Comeau Jamie Walcott Hazen Miller Bobby Kent Snowie15 Madalevek Khai Hung Joseph McEvoy Isambard Jason Neuschmid Nicolas Belanger Peter Rose Nor Dine Galant Human Jeffrey Paik Check the Patreon page to join.

January 23, 2019 Dr. Alex Filippenko (University of California, Berkeley) reviews his fascinating research career in astronomy, focusing on his work with black holes and with active galaxies and supernovae (exploding stars) -- and their role in helping us determine the ultimate fate of the universe. He also talks about some of the circumstances and people that influenced his work as a scientist, about the importance of education and outreach for the public support of science, and about his work to help ensure the future of Lick Observatory, the first permanently occupied mountain-top observatory in the world.

For this episode of Café Astroathens, I discuss black hole formations in the early universe through something known as a dark mater halo. Enjoy! SUBSCRIBE: https://www.youtube.com/astroathens LET'S CONNECT: https://www.instagram.com/astroathens https://twitter.com/AstroAthens https://astroathens.com/ SUPPORT: Https://www.patreon.com/astroathens MUSIC: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4zuQ0LIsj-izCiXKFzRFA https://m.soundcloud.com/dayebeats Thanks for watching guys!! Xoxo

Are you excited for the First Image of Black Hole? Song: Ikson - Horizon (Vlog No Copyright Music) Music promoted by Vlog No Copyright Music. Video Link: https://youtu.be/s9CnLO3zY84 Video Clips by ESO: - https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1436a/ [Credits: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), NASA, ESA, Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (skysurvey.org), L. Calçada, M. Kornmesser, Y. Beletsky (LCO)/ESO and Christoph Malin (christophmalin.com) ] - https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1835c/ - https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1122a/ All licensed under CC BY 4.0 License Link to license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Image by: ESO/O. Furtak under CC BY 4.0 We're on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astrogeekz/ We're on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/astrogeekz/ Support us on Patreon.

NASA's Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) was used to chart the environment around a black hole that was recently discovered, named MAXI J1820+070. NICER is an instrument mounted on the exterior of the International Space Station. -- Light "Echoes" of a Black Hole: https://www.space.com/42950-black-holes-x-ray-flares-source-found.html Credit: NASA/GSFC

233rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Seattle, WA Wednesday, 9 January 2019, 2:15 pm PST Welcome Rick Fienberg (AAS Press Officer) A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at the Epoch of Reionization Xiaohui Fan (Univ. of Arizona) Constraining Black Hole Spins Through Observations of Tidal Disruption Events Dheeraj Pasham (MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research) The X-ray Cavity Around a Hotspot in Cygnus A: A Bubble Inflated by a Jet Amalya Johnson (Columbia Univ.) PHANGS-ALMA: Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby Galaxies with ALMA Erik Rosolowsky (Univ. of Alberta) Q&A

Scientists have mapped the environment surrounding a black hole that is 10 times the mass of the Sun using NASA's Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) payload aboard the International Space Station. NICER detected X-ray light from a recently discovered black hole, called MAXI J1820+070 (J1820 for short), as it consumed material from a companion star. Waves of X-rays formed "light echoes" that reflected off the swirling gas near the black hole and revealed changes in the environment's size and shape. A black hole can siphon gas from a nearby star and into a ring of material called an accretion disk that glows in X-rays. Above this disk is the corona, a region of subatomic particles that glows in higher-energy X-rays. Astrophysicists want to better understand how the inner edge of the accretion disk and the corona change in size and shape as a black hole accretes material from its companion star. If they can understand how and why these changes occur in stellar-mass black holes over a period of weeks, they could shed light on how supermassive black holes evolve over millions of years and how they affect the galaxies in which they reside. One method used to chart those changes is called X-ray reverberation mapping, which uses X-ray reflections in much the same way sonar uses sound waves to map undersea terrain. From 10,000 light-years away, the scientists estimated that the corona contracted vertically from roughly 100 to 10 miles -- that's like seeing something the size of a blueberry shrink to something the size of a poppy seed at the distance of Pluto. Read more: https://go.nasa.gov/2FYFihq Music: "Superluminal" from Killer Tracks Video credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Scott Wiessinger (USRA): Lead Producer Jeanette Kazmierczak (University of Maryland College Park): Lead Science Writer Scott Wiessinger (USRA): Lead Animator Erin Kara (UMD): Lead Scientist Erin Kara (UMD): Narrator Aurore Simonet (Sonoma State University): Illustrator This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from NASA Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio at: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12854 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/NASAGoddard Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc

Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a recent announcement of a new image of the area near a supermassive blackhole at the center of our galaxy - Sagittarius A* The article with more info is here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06226 Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Mayumi Tim Sageser Lilith Dawn William Marin Templeton Mark Teranishi Sam Reed Nick Dolgy Luminger Unexpectedbooks.com Greg Lambros Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Jordan Michael Mitsuda Lyndon Riley Galaxia Dave Blair Jer Alexander Leimbeck Leo Wehrli Sander Stols Konrad Kummli Kai Raphahn Sergio Ruelas Daniel Rosvall Olegas Budnik Tracy Burgess Gordon Cooper Chase Staggs Moonic Jayjay Volz Jason Neuschmid Alexander Mahrt AA Robert MacDonald Becky Steven Adrian Sierra Galant Human George Williams Shinne Giovanni Perryman Zachary Fluke Justin Fortune Anataine Deva Bob Davies Jakub Glos Arikkat A Unnikrishnan Honey Suzanne Lyons Steve Wotton Aneliya Pancheva Angelina Werner Steve Aiello Michael Rucker Tom Warren Xyndicate Bodo Graßmann Liam Moss Michael Koebel Gary Steelman Shelley Passage Andrey Vesnin MrR Rock Howard Daniel Coleman Matthew Lazear Jakub Rychecky Shaun Cahill Silvan Wespi Check the Patreon page to join.

Our current ideas about black holes present some interesting paradoxes. Could this unusual black hole model solve them? Why Don’t We Have a Photo of a Black Hole Yet? - https://youtu.be/7fFL9oLNJOI Read More: The Fuzzball Fix for a Black Hole Paradox https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-fuzzballs-solve-the-black-hole-firewall-paradox-20150623/ “String theory is a leading contender, presenting yet another potential picture: Black holes may be reimagined as “fuzzballs,” with no singularity and no event horizon.” What is the black hole information paradox? https://phys.org/news/2015-10-black-hole-paradox.html “When physicists talk information, they're on about the specific state of every single particle in the universe: mass, position, spin, temperature, you name it. The fingerprint that uniquely identifies each one, and the probabilities for what they're going to do in the universe. You can change atoms, crush them together, but the quantum wave function that describes them must always be preserved.“ Are Singularities Real? https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/are-singularities-real/ “It’s hard to imagine infinity: something that is, by definition, larger than everything you can imagine. Physicists have to deal with the unimaginable every day, and have the tools to do so. But does their math describe reality?” ____________________ Elements is more than just a science show. It’s your science-loving best friend, tasked with keeping you updated and interested on all the compelling, innovative and groundbreaking science happening all around us. Join our passionate hosts as they help break down and present fascinating science, from quarks to quantum theory and beyond. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Elements on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/

At the centre of every galaxy, there is a supermassive black hole (a million to a billion times bigger than the Sun). But how do we even know that? There are so many scientific results that have jigsaw-pieced together throughout the past century that allow us to know that now, so join me, as I go through decade by decade and explain the significance of all the results that have built up the big picture. My necklace is from here: https://lamenagerie.co/all-necklaces/ My sister made the frame in the background as a present when I passed my PhD: https://megansmethurstdesign.wordpress.com/work/ Please subscribe if you haven't already and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! For those of you that like specific decades here are the timestamps: 1900s - 0:53 1910s - 3:58 1920s - 5:50 1930s - 6:58 1940s - 09:04 1950s - 11:00 1960s - 12:09 1970s - 17:14 1980s - 18:38 1990s - 19:40 2000s - 22:12 2010s - 23:28 And for those of you who like reading straight from the source, here are links to all the papers I mentioned throughout the video, again listed by decade (note that "et al." is Latin for "and others"): Michell (1784) - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1784.0008 Fath (1909) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1909LicOB...5...71F Einstein (1915) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_publications_by_Albert_Einstein#/media/File:GeneralRelativityTheoryManuscript.jpg Schwarzschild (1916) - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:K._Schwarzschild_-_%C3%9Cber_das_Gravitationsfeld_eines_Massenpunktes_nach_der_Einsteinschen_Theorie_(1916).pdf Lemaître (1927) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1927ASSB...47...49L Hubble (1929) - https://www.pnas.org/content/15/3/168 Einstein (1931; cosmological constant introduced) - http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/permanent/echo/einstein/sitzungsberichte/R583HGCS/index.meta&pn=1 Chandrasekhar (1931) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1931ApJ....74...81C Tolman (1939) - https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.364 Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939) https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.374 Seyfert (1943) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1943ApJ....97...28S Bolton, Stanley & Slee (1949) - https://www.nature.com/articles/164101b0 Baade & Minkowski (1954) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1954ApJ...119..206B Burbidge (1959) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1959ApJ...129..849B Minkowski (1960) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1960ApJ...132..908M Giacconi (1962) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.439 Hoyle & Fowler (1963) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1963MNRAS.125..169H Schmidt (1963) - https://www.nature.com/articles/1971040a0 Kerr (1963) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 Salpeter (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1964ApJ...140..796S Zel’dovich (1964) - https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19640015209 Schmidt & Matthews (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1964ApJ...139..781S Schmidt (1965) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1965ApJ...141....1S Penrose (1965) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57 Hawking (1967) - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2415769?origin=ads&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Hewish, Bell et al. (1968) - https://www.nature.com/articles/217709a0 Lynden-Bell (1969) - https://www.nature.com/articles/223690a0 Lyden Bell & Rees (71) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1971MNRAS.152..461L Wolfe & Burbidge (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1970ApJ...161..419W Bardeen, Carter & Hawking (1973) - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01645742 Bekenstein (1973) - https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333 Balick & Brown (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1974ApJ...194..265B Sargent et al. (1978) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1978ApJ...221..731S Dressler (84) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1984ApJ...286...97D Kormendy (88) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1988ApJ...335...40K Harms et al. (1994) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1994ApJ...435L..35H Miyoshi et al. (1995) - https://www.nature.com/articles/373127a0 Urry & Padovani (1995) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9506063.pdf Faber et al. (1997) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1997AJ....114.1771F Magorrian et al. (1998) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9708072.pdf Ferrarse & Merritt (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0006053.pdf Gebhardt et al. (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0006289.pdf Hopkins et al. (2006) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0506398.pdf Simmons, Smethurst & Lintott (2017) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10793.pdf Martin et al. (2018) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09699.pdf -------------- Dr Becky Smethurst is a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

The jets from a giant black hole in the Cygnus A galaxy (about 760 million light years from Earth) ricocheted off a wall of hot gas, creating a hole in a cloud of energetic particles. The discovery was made using the Chandra X-ray telescope. Credit: NASA/CXC/A. Hobart

A ricocheting jet blasting from a giant black hole has been captured by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandra's data reveal the presence of a powerful jet of particles and electromagnetic energy that has shot out from the black hole and slammed into a wall of hot gas, then ricocheted to punch a hole in a cloud of energetic particles, before it collides with another part of the gas wall. Cygnus A is a large galaxy that sits in the middle of a cluster of galaxies about 760 million light years from Earth. A supermassive black hole at the center of Cygnus A is rapidly growing as it pulls material swirling around it into its gravitational grasp. During this process, some of this material is redirected away from the black hole in the form of a narrow beam, or jet. Such jets can significantly affect how the galaxy and its surroundings evolve. In a deep observation that lasted 23 days, scientists used Chandra to create a highly detailed map of both the jet and the intergalactic gas, which they used to track the path of the jets from the black hole. The jet expanded after ricocheting and created a hole in a nearby cloud of particles that is between 50,000 and 100,000 light years deep and 26,000 light years wide. For context, the Earth is located about 26,000 light years away from the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Energy produced by jets from black holes can heat intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters and prevent it from cooling and forming large numbers of stars in a central galaxy like Cygnus A. By studying Cygnus A, scientists can tell more about how jets from black holes interact with their surroundings.

In a galaxy about 290 million light years from Earth, a star wandered too close to a black hole. The immense gravitational forces of the black hole shredded the star, sending the stellar remains into orbit around it. Scientists used several telescopes including NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to study this "tidal disruption" event called ASASSN-14li. They were able to use the data to measure the spin of the giant black hole at the center of the galaxy containing ASASSN-14li. The scientists determined that the black hole in ASASSN-14li is spinning incredibly quickly — about half as fast as the speed of light or faster. Since the spins of black holes have been difficult to measure, this discovery is exciting for astronomers.

In November 2014, a network of optical telescopes picked up a bright outburst from a galaxy about 290 million light years from Earth. Scientists determined that this was a so-called tidal disruption event, where a star wandered too close to a black hole and was ripped apart by immense gravitational forces. Astronomers used other telescopes including a flotilla of high-energy telescopes in space — NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, ESA's XMM-Newton and NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift observatory — to study the X-rays emitted as the remains of a star swirled toward the black hole at the center of the galaxy. Some of the remains of the star are pulled into a disk where they circle the black hole before passing over the "event horizon," the boundary beyond which nothing, including light, can escape. The tidal disruption in ASASSN-14li allowed astronomers to estimate the spin rate of the black hole. A black hole has two fundamental properties: mass and spin. While it has been relatively easy for astronomers to determine the mass of black holes, it has been much more difficult to get accurate measurements of their spins. This debris from the shredded star gave astronomers an avenue to directly estimate the black hole's spin in ASASSN-14li. They found that the event horizon around this black hole is about 300 times the diameter of the Earth, yet rotates once every two minutes (compared to the 24 hours it takes to complete one rotation). This means that the black hole is spinning at least about half as fast as the speed of light. These results will likely encourage astronomers to observe future tidal disruption events for long durations to look for similar, regular variations in their X-ray brightness.

Black holes are notorious for pulling things toward them. But in some cases, black holes can act as powerful engines to blast material away. One of those black holes is found in Cygnus A, a large galaxy embedded within in a cluster of galaxies. Cygnus A's black hole is blasting a jet — a tightly-wound column of material — away from it at extremely high speeds. Astronomers found that his jet ricocheted off a wall of hot gas, then punched a hole in a cloud of energetic particles, leaving behind a gigantic hole. By studying this kind of behavior, scientists can better understand how black holes affect their surroundings. Only an X-ray telescope with the sharp vision of NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory could make such a discovery.

Another episode of Night Sky News for this month - the first half what you can see in the sky this next month and the second half a recap of the space news of the last month. Tune in for how to catch Mercury, Venus and Jupiter in the early morning sky, a chance to see the Moon pass through M44 and how to catch the Quadrantis Meteor Shower on January 4th. In this episode I chat about the successful landing of the Mars Insight probe, the arrival of OSIRIS-REx at Bennu, the exit of Voyager 2 from the Solar System and four new gravitational wave detections of a black hole-black hole merger from LIGO. Here's the link to check when the International Space Station will be passing over your home town: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings/index.cfm Paper with announcement of four new gravitational wave detections: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.12907.pdf EDIT: So the audio isn't great in this one, but I do already own a lav mic. It was just muffled against the big Christmas jumper in this one. I did my best to remove the noise with free audio edit software. Please remember I'm not a professional videographer. This isn't my day job. I do this for fun and along with the editing I don't have time to reshoot if something isn't perfect - otherwise my research suffers for it. I'll get better with time as I get more familiar with the tech. Just bear with me while I get up to speed. Until then, let's not sacrifice cool science conversations for a few minor tech problems. Happy Holidays everyone! Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! News Theme 1 by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://audionautix.com/ I also present videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbols and Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos Dr. Becky Smethurst is a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

Our next installment of Telescope Talk Pro with Deep Astronomy features Dr. Geoffrey Bower from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project to assemble the first-ever direct image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole. 🔔 Subscribe for more: https://www.youtube.com/christianready?sub_confirmation=1 🔴 Watch my most recent upload: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9N-nWZZe8RA 🚀 Help me improve the channel by joining the community on Patreon https://patreon.com/launchpadastro 🚀 Check out Launch Pad merchandise! https://teespring.com/stores/launchpadastro Disclaimer: Some of these links go to one of my websites and some are affiliate links where I'll earn a small commission if you make a purchase at no additional cost to you. ✅ Let's connect: For business inquiries - chris AT christianready DOT com Twitter - @launchpadastro Instagram - @launchpadastro Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/LaunchPadAstronomy/ Discord - https://discord.gg/yChAuUe

Wondering where the Event Horizon Telescope is at with the world's first photo of a black hole? So are we. We headed back to MIT Haystack Observatory to find out. Read More: Event Horizon Telescope https://eventhorizontelescope.org/ MIT Haystack Observatory https://www.haystack.mit.edu/ast/uvlbi/mm/eht.html Journey into a Schwarzschild black hole http://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html The simplest kind of black hole is a Schwarzschild black hole, which is a black hole with mass, but with no electric charge, and no spin. Karl Schwarzschild discovered this black hole geometry at the close of 1915, within weeks of Einstein presenting his final theory of General Relativity. Black Hole Hunters https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/science/black-hole-event-horizon-telescope.html Known as the Event Horizon Telescope, named after the point of no return in a black hole, its job was to see what has been until now unseeable: an exquisitely small, dark circle of nothing, a tiny shadow in the glow of radiation at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/ Subscribe now! https://www.youtube.com/user/DNewsChannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/

How do the first black holes in the Universe form? How do they then grow into supermassive black holes weighing 800 million times the mass of the Sun within 600 million years of the Big Bang? Astrophysicists have been inferring the existence of direct collapse black holes for a long time to try and explain this unsolved mystery... Here's hoping the James Webb Space Telescope will eventually help us solve this one. Don't forget to send me your images of Comet 46P Wirtanen and the Gemenids Meteor Shower from this month - I'll be putting a couple of them in my SkyNews video next week. Put them in the comments or tweet them to me @drbecky_ 👍 A plethora of apologies for the blurry footage. I was going to reshoot this video the next day but then I got ill so this is what we're working with this week! Still trying to shake off this cough and cold 🤧 Also, yes the audio does change at 12:27 - I think my microphone slipped so it was a bit muted. All the tech problems this week! Hope you enjoyed regardless 🙂 Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! I also present videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbols and Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos Dr. Becky Smethurst is a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

Black Holes and Other Dark Matters Marc Kamionkowski of Johns Hopkins University In February 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) announced discovery of the merger of two black holes, each of which weighed around 30 times the mass of the Sun. In addition to being the first detection of gravitational waves, it was also the first observational evidence of stellar mass black holes above 25 solar masses. Shortly thereafter, it was speculated that these black holes might make up the dark matter that has long been known to exist in galaxies (like our own Milky Way). Dr. Kamionkowski will discuss this possibility and explain why this hypothesis may or may not work. Host: Dr. Frank Summers Recorded live on Tuesday, December 4, 2018 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. More information: http://hubble.stsci.edu/about_us/public_talks/

According to Geek.com, Armchair Astronomers Can Now Visit a Black Hole–In Virtual Reality. In anticipation of the first image of the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole, a team of international researchers built a virtual reality simulation of Sagittarius A*. The VR experience, created as part of the BlackHoleCam project, was published today in the journal Computation Astrophysics and Cosmology. A version is also available to view on YouTube. https://www.geek.com/news/armchair-astronomers-can-now-visit-a-black-hole-in-virtual-reality-1761628/?source http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

A new model is bringing scientists a step closer to understanding the kinds of light signals produced when two supermassive black holes, which are millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, spiral toward a collision. For the first time, a new computer simulation that fully incorporates the physical effects of Einstein’s general theory of relativity shows that gas in such systems will glow predominantly in ultraviolet and X-ray light. The new simulation shows three orbits of a pair of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. The models reveal the light emitted at this stage of the process may be dominated by UV light with some high-energy X-rays, similar to what’s seen in any galaxy with a well-fed supermassive black hole. Three regions of light-emitting gas glow as the black holes merge, all connected by streams of hot gas: a large ring encircling the entire system, called the circumbinary disk, and two smaller ones around each black hole, called mini disks. All these objects emit predominantly UV light. When gas flows into a mini disk at a high rate, the disk’s UV light interacts with each black hole’s corona, a region of high-energy subatomic particles above and below the disk. This interaction produces X-rays. When the accretion rate is lower, UV light dims relative to the X-rays. Based on the simulation, which ran on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications’ Blue Waters supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the researchers expect X-rays emitted by a near-merger will be brighter and more variable than X-rays seen from single supermassive black holes. The pace of the changes links to both the orbital speed of gas located at the inner edge of the circumbinary disk as well as that of the merging black holes. Credit: NASA Goddard Media Studios

Our perspective from Earth could be distorting our understanding of space. Here’s what you need to know about the theory of AGN unification. What Really Happens When Galaxies Collide - https://youtu.be/eWqETkudZXo Read More: Why It’s Hard to Recognize a Black Hole http://nautil.us/blog/why-its-hard-to-recognize-a-black-hole “If they are all fueled by supermassive black holes, why don’t all AGN look the same? One reason could be our point of view. The theory of AGN unification posits that all AGN have the same basic building blocks (accretion disk, jets, torus); The striking differences we observe, according to this theory, are all due to their orientation in space.” Active Galaxies https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/active_galaxies1.html “Active galaxies are galaxies that have a small core of emission embedded at the center of an otherwise typical galaxy. This core is typically highly variable and very bright compared to the rest of the galaxy.” What are active galactic nuclei? https://phys.org/news/2016-11-galactic-nuclei.html “In the 1970s, astronomers became aware of a compact radio source at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy – which they named Sagittarius A. After many decades of observation and mounting evidence, it was theorized that the source of these radio emissions was in fact a supermassive black hole (SMBH).” ____________________ Elements is more than just a science show. It’s your science-loving best friend, tasked with keeping you updated and interested on all the compelling, innovative and groundbreaking science happening all around us. Join our passionate hosts as they help break down and present fascinating science, from quarks to quantum theory and beyond. Seeker explains every aspect of our world through a lens of science, inspiring a new generation of curious minds who want to know how today’s discoveries in science, math, engineering and technology are impacting our lives, and shaping our future. Our stories parse meaning from the noise in a world of rapidly changing information. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/videos Elements on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerElements/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker http://www.seeker.com/

The world’s premier astronomy and space science podcast. *Flares discovered erupting around the Sagittarius A* supermassive black hole Astronomers have detected flares erupting at the edge of Sagittarius A* the supermassive black hole lurking at the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy. *NASA’s Dawn mission suddenly comes to an end NASA’s Dawn spacecraft has gone silent, ending a historic mission that studied time capsules from the solar system’s earliest chapter. *Hubble Space Telescope back up and running NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope is back up and running normally after going into protective safe mode three weeks ago when a gyroscope needed for aiming suddenly failed -- and a reserve gyro designed to replace it -- didn’t perform as expected. *Stratolaunch to start space missions within two years Stratolaunch says it will start flying rockets into space in 2020. *Funding boost for Gold Coast rocket company Gilmour Space Technologies has secured 19 million dollars in seed funding to launch its next-generation hybrid rockets into space. *The Science Report Chinese telecommunications giant accused of hacking foreign computer networks. New twisted light beams could increase internet speeds by a hundred times. NASA spots a massive rectangular monolith iceberg off Antarctica. Birds that build their own tools from a variety of different parts. Alex on Tech: Cybersecurity breach at the Perth Mint. For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), Google Podcasts, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, TuneIn Radio, google play, Spreaker, Spotify, Deezer, ACast etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial-free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime: The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audiobook of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] To receive the Astronomy Daily Newsletter free, direct to your inbox...just join our mailing list at www.bitesz.com/mailinglist Stream podcast episodes on demand from www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (mobile friendly).

Astronomers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have discovered several pairs of supermassive black holes located at the center of galaxies which are currently colliding. Digital Trends reports the scientists were examining what happens when two galaxies join to become one. They were able to identify two supermassive black holes at the center of the two original galaxies which will eventually coalesce into one large black hole. Overall, the findings suggest that more than 17% of the galaxies studied had a pair of black holes at their center which were approaching one another. https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/black-holes-colliding-galaxies/ http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

New observations from the GRAVITY and SINFONI instrument on the Very Large Telescope have given us unprecedented observations of material falling into the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Like this content? Please consider becoming a patron: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/

Observations by ALMA and data from the MUSE spectrograph on ESO’s VLT have revealed a colossal fountain of molecular gas powered by a black hole in the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster — the full galactic cycle of inflow and outflow powering this vast cosmic fountain has never before been observed in one system. The video is available in 4K UHD. The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. Credit: ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Sara Rigby and Calum Turner. Music: written and performed by STAN DART(www.stan-dart.com). Footage and photos: ESO, Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (skysurvey.org), ALMA (NAOJ/NRAO), Tremblay et al, AUI/NSF, B. Saxton, NASA/Chandra, ESA/Hubble, L. Calçada. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

I went observing back in May 2018 to the Lick Observatory in California and got some images of bulgeless galaxies that might have outflowing supermassive black holes. This science vlog is to catch you all up on why I went, why the data is interesting and how the analysis is going. Vlog style footage starts at 10:00. Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video! I also present videos on Sixty Symbols: https://www.youtube.com/user/sixtysymbols and Deep Sky Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos Dr. Becky Smethurst is a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com

This zoom video starts with a wide view of the Milky Way and ends with a close-up of the Abell 2597 cluster. Observations by ALMA and data from the MUSE spectrograph on ESO’s VLT have revealed a colossal fountain of molecular gas powered by a black hole in the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster — the galactic cycle powering this vast cosmic fountain has never before been observed so clearly. The final shot is a composite image of the Abell 2597 galaxy cluster showing the fountain-like flow of gas powered by the supermassive black hole in the central galaxy. The yellow is ALMA data showing cold gas. The red is data from the MUSE instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope showing the hot hydrogen gas in the same region. The extend purple is the extended hot, ionized gas as imaged by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1836b/ Credit: ESO and Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (skysurvey.org) Music: Astral Electronic.

Ever dreamt of falling into a Black Hole? 😱 The video explains what you would see if you enter a Black Hole. Make sure to watch it, share it and give it a LIKE! Music: Garage- Topher Mohr and Alex Elena https://youtu.be/V3n78uCYdso Image credits: 1. Spaghettification Image edited. Original one ➡️ https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spaghettification.jpg 2. Black Hole Image: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole#/media/File%3ABH_LMC.png 3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettification#/media/File%3AClose-up_of_star_near_a_supermassive_black_hole_(artist’s_impression).jpg If you like our videos, make sure to hit the SUBSCRIBE button and TURN ON NOTIFICATIONS! We're on Facebook ➡️ https://m.facebook.com/astrogeekz/ We're on Instagram ➡️ https://www.instagram.com/astrogeekz/ Support us on Patreon.

ESO’s exquisitely sensitive GRAVITY instrument has added further evidence to the long-standing assumption that a supermassive black hole lurks in the centre of the Milky Way. New observations show clumps of gas swirling around at about 30% of the speed of light on a circular orbit just outside a four million solar mass black hole — the first time material has been observed orbiting close to the point of no return, and the most detailed observations yet of material orbiting this close to a black hole. The ESOcast Light is a series of short videos bringing you the wonders of the Universe in bite-sized pieces. The ESOcast Light episodes will not be replacing the standard, longer ESOcasts, but complement them with current astronomy news and images in ESO press releases. Credit: ESO Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Sara Rigby and Calum Turner. Music: written and performed by STAN DART (www.stan-dart.com). Footage and photos: ESO/Gravity Consortium/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser/N. Risinger (skysurvey.org) Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen.

Space Fan News is Sponsored by OPT Telescopes and Patreon Patrons: https://optcorp.com/?utm_source=deepastronomy&utm_medium=telescopetalk&utm_campaign=home In this episode, as you can imagine, black holes are hard to see. Considering that they are so dense that their gravity won’t let anything out, not even light, you can imagine that well… they are pretty black. Couple that with how black space is and it’s easy to conclude that black holes are hard to find. Well this week, astronomers have found an new technique for finding them. Consider supporting Space Fan News: https://patreon.com/DeepAstronomy to ensure you get current space & astronomy news each week! Space Fan News Theme by Stephen Dubois available for download here: http://ancienteyesmusic.com Follow DeepAstronomy on Twitter: @DeepAstronomy Like DeepAstronomy on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeepAstronomy/ Like Space Fan News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SpaceFanNews/

A new model is bringing scientists a step closer to understanding the kinds of light signals produced when two supermassive black holes, which are millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, spiral toward a collision. For the first time, a new computer simulation that fully incorporates the physical effects of Einstein's general theory of relativity shows that gas in such systems will glow predominantly in ultraviolet and X-ray light. Just about every galaxy the size of our own Milky Way or larger contains a monster black hole at its center. Observations show galaxy mergers occur frequently in the universe, but so far no one has seen a merger of these giant black holes. Scientists have detected merging stellar-mass black holes -- which range from around three to several dozen solar masses -- using the National Science Foundation's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Gravitational waves are space-time ripples traveling at the speed of light. They are created when massive orbiting objects like black holes and neutron stars spiral together and merge. Supermassive mergers will be much more difficult to find than their stellar-mass cousins. One reason ground-based observatories can't detect gravitational waves from these events is because Earth itself is too noisy, shaking from seismic vibrations and gravitational changes from atmospheric disturbances. The detectors must be in space, like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) led by ESA (the European Space Agency) and planned for launch in the 2030s. But supermassive binaries nearing collision may have one thing stellar-mass binaries lack -- a gas-rich environment. Scientists suspect the supernova explosion that creates a stellar black hole also blows away most of the surrounding gas. The black hole consumes what little remains so quickly there isn't much left to glow when the merger happens. Supermassive binaries, on the other hand, result from galaxy mergers. Each supersized black hole brings along an entourage of gas and dust clouds, stars and planets. Scientists think a galaxy collision propels much of this material toward the central black holes, which consume it on a time scale similar to that needed for the binary to merge. As the black holes near, magnetic and gravitational forces heat the remaining gas, producing light astronomers should be able to see. The new simulation shows three orbits of a pair of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. The models reveal the light emitted at this stage of the process may be dominated by UV light with some high-energy X-rays, similar to what's seen in any galaxy with a well-fed supermassive black hole. Three regions of light-emitting gas glow as the black holes merge, all connected by streams of hot gas: a large ring encircling the entire system, called the circumbinary disk, and two smaller ones around each black hole, called mini disks. All these objects emit predominantly UV light. When gas flows into a mini disk at a high rate, the disk's UV light interacts with each black hole's corona, a region of high-energy subatomic particles above and below the disk. This interaction produces X-rays. When the accretion rate is lower, UV light dims relative to the X-rays. Based on the simulation, the researchers expect X-rays emitted by a near-merger will be brighter and more variable than X-rays seen from single supermassive black holes. The pace of the changes links to both the orbital speed of gas located at the inner edge of the circumbinary disk as well as that of the merging black holes. The simulation ran on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications' Blue Waters supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Modeling three orbits of the system took 46 days on 9,600 computing cores. Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/new-simulation-sheds-light-on-spiraling-supermassive-black-holes Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Music: "Games Show Sphere 01" from Killer Tracks This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13043 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard

This 360-degree video places the viewer in the middle of two circling supermassive black holes. The simulation shows how the black holes distort the starry background and capture light, producing black hole silhouettes. A distinctive feature called a photon ring outlines the black holes. The video represents a 46 minute orbital period. This corresponds to a binary with a total mass 1 million times the Sun's mass. The black holes would be separated by about 18.6 million miles (30 million kilometers). The background is a mosaic of the images covering the entire sky as observed by ESA's Gaia mission. Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/new-simulation-sheds-light-on-spiraling-supermassive-black-holes Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; background, ESA/Gaia/DPAC This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13043 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/ · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard/ · Google+ http://plus.google.com/+NASAGoddard/posts

At the center of our galaxy, a supermassive black hole churns. Learn about the types of black holes, how they form, and how scientists discovered these invisible, yet extraordinary objects in our universe. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe #NationalGeographic #BlackHoles #Educational About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta Read more at "Black Holes 101" https://on.natgeo.com/2Q7SykY Black Holes 101 | National Geographic https://youtu.be/kOEDG3j1bjs National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

For the first time ever, scientists using Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have found the source of a high-energy neutrino from outside our galaxy. This neutrino travelled 3.7 billion years at nearly light speed before being detected on Earth -- farther than any other neutrino we know the origin of. High-energy neutrinos are hard-to-catch particles that scientists think are created by the most powerful events in the cosmos, like galaxy mergers and material falling onto supermassive black holes. They travel a whisker shy of the speed of light and rarely interact with other matter, so they can travel unimpeded across billions of light-years. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole detected signs of a neutrino striking the Antarctic ice with an energy of about 300 trillion electron volts -- more than 45 times the energy achievable in the most powerful particle accelerator on Earth. This high energy strongly suggested that the neutrino had to be from beyond our solar system. Backtracking the path through IceCube indicated where in the sky the neutrino came from, and automated alerts notified astronomers around the globe to search this region for flares or outbursts that could be associated with the event. Data from Fermi’s Large Area Telescope revealed enhanced gamma-ray emission from a well-known active galaxy at the time the neutrino arrived. This active galaxy is a type called a blazar, where a supermassive black hole with millions to billions of times the Sun’s mass that blasts particle jets outward in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light. Blazars are especially bright and active because one of these jets happens to point almost directly toward Earth. Fermi showed that at the time of the neutrino detection, the blazar TXS 0506+056 was the most active it had been in a decade. The discovery is a giant leap forward in a growing field called multimessenger astronomy, where new cosmic signals like neutrinos and gravitational waves are definitively linked to sources that emit light. Light Years Away

Computer models are helping scientists on the hunt for small black holes and new data is giving us a better understanding of the universe’s largest explosions. For special, curated artifacts of this universe, check out https://scishowfinds.com/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: Black Holes: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.101101 https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/04/599437677/new-study-shows-the-center-of-the-milky-way-has-thousands-of-black-holes https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25029 http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aacb34 http://chandra.harvard.edu/learn_bh.html http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/148/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/giant-black-hole-pair-photobombs-andromeda-galaxy.html http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/317837 https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/milky-way-houses-up-to-100-million-black-holes-with-big-implications-for-ligo-2f691be6a876 https://www.iflscience.com/space/cosmic-collisions-have-created-rings-of-extreme-black-holes-in-galaxies/ Supernovas: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0563-4 https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05657 https://www.futurity.org/supernova-shock-breakout-amateur-astronomer-1688682-2/ https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01293 https://www.universetoday.com/24731/red-supergiant-star/ https://www.newsweek.com/astronomers-catch-glimpse-what-happens-just-violent-death-star-1110957 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/Kepler/caught-for-the-first-time-the-early-flash-of-an-exploding-star https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/basic-space/supernova-turns-inside-out-and-kicks-neutron-star/ https://www.space.com/6638-supernova.html https://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/bahcall/index.html https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0612072 -------- Images: https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA12348.html https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20228 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoag%27s_object.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11447 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11447 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/Kepler/caught-for-the-first-time-the-early-flash-of-an-exploding-star https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA17838.html https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0515a/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Thanks to CuriosityStream for supporting PBS Digital Studios. You can learn more at https://www.curiositystream.com/spacetime and use the code "spacetime" during the sign-up process. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: Is There Life on Mars? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmEY6T5Wc-Q Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Luke Maroldi Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Black Holes should have no entropy, but they in fact hold most of the entropy in the universe. Let’s figure this out. If black holes exist – which, apparently, they do – they contradict other theories in physics as sacred as general relativity. They cause all sorts of problems with quantum theory, which we’ve talked about and will review in a sec. But they also present an apparent conflict with the notion of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. It was while pondering that conflict that Jacob Bekenstein realized an incredible connection between black holes and thermodynamics. His insight launched an entire new way of thinking about the universe in terms of information theory, and ultimately led to the holographic principle. Which I promise we’re getting to and we’re almost there. We just need to understand string theory first and to understand that, you’re going need to know about why Black Holes contain most of the universe’s entropy. Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang Anton Lifshits CoolAsCats David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Quasar Dean Fuqua Mark Rosenthal Mayank M. Mehrota Roman Pinchuk Tambe Barsbay Vinnie Falco Hypernova Brent Mullins Chuck Zegar Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner John Hofmann Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Matthew O’Connor Ratfeast Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexander Rodriguez Alexey Eromenko Benoit Pagé-Guitard Brandon Cook Brandon Labonte Daniel Lyons David Crane Deborah Whittaker Fabian Olesen Greg Allen Greg Weiss James Flowers James Hughes JJ Bagnell Jon Folks Kevin Warne Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nicholas Rose Nick Virtue Scott Gossett Shannan Catalano سلطان الخليفي

According to Gizmodo, scientists now believe Black Holes might temporarily be able to bring dead stars back to life. In what has been described as a “brief zombie awakening,” a team of scientists studying white dwarfs - small dense objects formed when bigger stars run out of fuel - determined that black holes could theoretically reignite dead stars in a supernova like explosion. Scientist went on to say that the results of reigniting these dead stars would be the generation and release of heavier elements into the cosmos. https://gizmodo.com/black-holes-might-temporarily-bring-dead-stars-back-to-1828715319 http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

A group of scientists recently announced in the Royal Astronomical Society they discovered a supermassive black hole in a tiny galaxy.

According to a report by Geek.com, the Rochester Institute of Technology found evidence of massive black holes hiding at the often overlooked outer edges of spiral galaxies. Using data from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search the team discovered a comparable number of black holes in the outskirts of spiral galaxies as in dwarf/satellite galaxies. Study author Sukanya Chakrabarti said, "If these core-collapse supernovae are the predecessors to the binary black holes detected by LIGO, then what we’ve found is a reliable method of identifying the host galaxies of LIGO sources." She went on to explain, “Because these black holes have an electromagnetic counterpart at an earlier stage in their life. we can pinpoint their location in the sky and watch for massive black holes.” https://www.geek.com/news/scientists-uncover-new-hangout-for-black-holes-1747509/?source http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

In this week's question's show, I answer what would happen if the Milky Way lost its supermassive black hole, why can't you spiral stuff into the Sun, why do we assume life breathes oxygen? Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio Video Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/bh/podcast/universe-today-video/id794057165?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/video What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / [email protected] Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - [email protected] Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001

The world’s premier astronomy and space science podcast. *Mystery objects discovered near supermassive black hole Astronomers have discovered several bizarre objects at the galactic centre that are concealing their true identity behind a smokescreen of dust; they look like gas clouds but behave like stars. *Life rebounded within a few years after the dinosaur-killing asteroid hit A new study claims life quickly returned to the dinosaur-killing KT boundary event asteroid impact site. *New Kepler mission NASA former planet-hunting Kepler space telescope is on a new mission studying the secrets of open star clusters *SpaceX celebrates eight years with spectacular night launch SpaceX marked the eighth anniversary of the first successful launch of a Falcon 9 rocket with spectacular night launch of its Falcon 9 off the same launch pad. You tube video url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2274&v=2hcM5hqQ45s *Japan’s latest spy satellite takes to the skies Japan has launched another spy satellite to keep an eye on its aggressive neighbours North Korea and China. *China launches new weather satellite China has successfully launched a new advanced weather satellite into geostationary orbit. *i-Space and OneSpace both undertake their maiden flights China is seeing an influx of private companies trying to cash in on the growing commercial satellite launch market. Two new companies i-Space and OneSpace have each carried out suborbital test flights from opposite ends of the country. *The Science Report High blood pressure linked to dementia in later life. Iconic Baobabs mysteriously dying. Intel launches its powerful new Core i7-8086K CPU. Bluetongue lizards use their tongues to avoid being eaten For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), audioBoom, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, Spreaker, Spotify, Deezer etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial-free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime: The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audiobook of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring this episode! To find out more, visit: https://brilliant.org/SpaceTime We’ve established by now that black holes are weird. The result of absolute gravitational collapse of a massive body: a point of hypothetical infinite density surrounded by an event horizon. At that horizon time is frozen and the fabric of space itself cascades inwards at the speed of light. Nothing can travel faster than light, and so nothing can escape from below the event horizon- not matter, not light, not even information. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed https://youtu.be/HF-9Dy6iB_4 These ideas are pretty mind-blowing, but as crazy as black holes are, they’re also kind of … simple. Don’t get me wrong; the math is complicated. But the objects themselves are simple. In fact every black hole in the universe, no matter how it formed or what happened to it afterwards, can be perfectly described with only three properties. Those properties are mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. Or at least this is the proposition behind the famous no-hair conjecture, or no-hair theorem. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Fabrice Eap Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Craig Peterson Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss Shannan Catalano Brandon Cook

Truly understanding black holes requires the curved space-time of general relativity. Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/yZjj30k3oXw The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US, UK, and Australian markets. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally. ________________________________ VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS Relativity Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K_vPTkNljpO0qG_H--J_frW What Are Neutron Stars? https://youtu.be/KdFpyEFHCEM How Fast Is Light? https://youtu.be/a9T26ItpcDA Does The Future Exist? https://youtu.be/5qCFct4AZGA ________________________________ RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS PBS Space Time on Black Holes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNaEBbFbvcY&list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_x ________________________________ SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook): https://gumroad.com/l/ubSc Merchandise: http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/ ________________________________ HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS ** Einsteinium Level Crazy ** Daniel Bahr, Ilya Yashin, Drake Dragon (TMDrake), Morgan Williams, Rick Finn ** Platinum Level Crazy ** Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, David Bronakowski, Robert J Zapolis, Nicholas Ursa, Evgeny Ivanov ________________________________ LINKS TO COMMENTS Black Holes Don't Suck: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HKH1ZjGutA&lc=UgwEPVE9TiwNGrJRp8B4AaABAg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2-UJAEJzcc&lc=UgwZ_Jik2XxdwSHYfcZ4AaABAg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACCeFVeT984&lc=Ugg46Nzs7bsPhngCoAEC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmi_h5A8B2k&lc=UghBxkv5IGMuungCoAEC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sute9QjIRGA&lc=UggOUdgfdA205XgCoAEC Black Holes Rotate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr_h4sSMwPw&lc=UgzdfU_2jHCyhbVrBot4AaABAg ________________________________ IMAGE CREDITS NASA Big Bang: https://youtu.be/LeUcjqqhNxM

The world’s premier astronomy and space science podcast. *Merging neutron stars give birth to a black hole It seems last year’s historic first-ever gravitational wave detection of a collision between two neutron stars most likely did end up creating a black hole. *Dawn moves to a new orbit NASA's Dawn spacecraft is maneuvering into its lowest-ever orbit for its closest ever view of Ceres -- the inner solar system's only dwarf planet. *Another successful engine test for Australian hybrid rocket Queensland company Gilmour Space Technologies have moved a step closer to launching their first rocket into space with the completion of another static test firing of its hybrid rocket engine. *Electron launch countdown Meanwhile, across the Tasman in New Zealand Rocket Lab are continuing preparations for their next Electron Rocket launch – now slated for a launch window opening on June 23rd. *The Science Report After the driest autumn in 130 years, Australia now faces a warmer and drier winter. No evidence that popping vitamin or mineral pills protects against or helps to treat heart disease. More proof that acupuncture doesn’t work. Scientists undertaking environmental DNA sampling of the waters of Loch Ness to see what’s living there. Alex on tech new rules for AI. For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), audioBoom, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, Spreaker, Spotify, Deezer etc RSS feed: https://audioboom.com/channels/4642443.rss Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial-free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime : The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audiobook of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: [email protected] Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list Stream podcast episodes on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly).

The spectacular merger of two neutron stars that generated gravitational waves announced last fall likely did something else: birthed a black hole. This newly spawned black hole would be the lowest mass black hole ever found. A new study analyzed data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory taken in the days, weeks, and months after the detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO, and gamma rays by NASA's Fermi mission on August 17, 2017. While nearly every telescope at professional astronomers' disposal observed this source, known officially as GW170817, X-rays from Chandra are critical for understanding what happened after the two neutron stars collided. From the LIGO data astronomers have a good estimate that the mass of the object resulting from the neutron star merger is about 2.7 times the mass of the Sun. This puts it on a tightrope of identity, implying it is either the most massive neutron star ever found or the lowest mass black hole ever found. The previous record holders for the latter are no less than about four or five times the Sun's mass. The Chandra observations are telling, not only for what they revealed, but also for what they did not. If the neutron stars merged and formed a heavier neutron star, then astronomers would expect it to spin rapidly and generate a very strong magnetic field. This, in turn, would have created an expanding bubble of high-energy particles that would result in bright X-ray emission. Instead, the Chandra data show levels of X-rays that are a factor of a few to several hundred times lower than expected for a rapidly spinning, merged neutron star and the associated bubble of high-energy particles, implying a black hole likely formed instead.

Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest scientific and analytical minds of our time, says NASA's Michelle Thaller. She posits that Hawking might be one of the parents of an entirely new school of physics because he was working on some incredible stuff—concerning quantum entaglement— right before he died. He was even humble enough to go back to his old work about black holes and rethink his hypotheses based on new information. Not many great minds would do that, she says, relaying just one of the reasons Stephen Hawking will be so deeply missed. You can follow Michelle Thaller on Twitter at @mlthaller. Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/michelle-thaller-ask-a-nasa-astronomer-how-did-stephen-hawking-change-the-world Follow Big Think here: YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink Michelle Thaller: Yes Jeremy, a lot of us were really sad with the passing of Stephen Hawking. He was definitely an inspiration. He was one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists in the world, and of course he overcame this incredible disability, his life was very difficult and very dramatic and I for one am really going to miss having him around. And I certainly miss him as a scientist too. He made some incredible contributions. Now, Stephen Hawking was something that we call a theoretical physicist, and what that means is that people use the mathematics of physics to explore areas of the universe that we can’t get to very easily. For example, conditions right after the Big Bang the beginning of the universe, what were things like when the universe was a fraction of a second old? That’s not something we can create very easily in a laboratory or any place we can go to, but we can use our mathematics to predict what that would have been like and then test our assumptions based on how the universe changed over time. And one of the places that is also very difficult to go to is, could we explore a black hole? And this is what Stephen Hawking was best known for. Now, black holes are massive objects they’re made from collapsed dead stars, and the nearest black hole to us is about 3000 light years away. That one is not particularly large, it’s only a couple times the mass of the sun. The biggest black hole that’s in our galaxy is about four million times the mass of the sun and that actually sits right in the heart of the Milky Way Galaxy. And right now you and I are actually orbiting that giant black hole at half a million miles an hour. These are incredibly exotic objects. The reason we call them black holes is that the gravity is so intense it can suck in everything, including light. Not even light, going through space freely at the speed of light, can escape a black hole, so talk about dramatic exotic objects that are difficult to do experiments on. Stephen Hawking laid down some of our basic understanding of how a black hole works. And one of the things he actually did was he even predicted that black holes can die. You would think that a collapsed star that forms a bottomless pit of gravity would exist forever, but Stephen Hawking used the laws of quantum mechanics and something called thermodynamics, how heat behaves in the universe, to prove that maybe black holes can evaporate over time. And of course, that’s a hugely significant thing. One of the reasons I think it’s very unfortunate he died is we’re actually right on the cusp of being able to do actual experiments with black holes. And I know that sounds like a strange thing to say, but there are some particle accelerators, I mean specifically the Large Hadron Collider, which is in Europe, that are about to get to high enough energies they’re going to smash particles together so hard that so much energy is generated they might be able to make tiny little black holes. And by the way, this is entirely safe. Don’t worry about it at all. Stephen Hawking showed us that black holes evaporate, they actually die away and the smaller a black hole is the faster this happens. So these little black holes—we’ll probably be lucky if we can detect them, they’re going to die in millionths of a second. And the Large Hadron Collider gets nowhere up to the energy of natural events all around us. Right now there are high energy particles slamming into our atmosphere a couple miles above our heads, and they are many, many hundreds of times the energy that the Large Hadron Collider will ever be able to get up to. So I am saying actually that there are probably tiny little black holes forming all around us, they evaporate away so quickly they’re very hard to detect. Stephen Hawking predicted the exact energy that black holes give off when they evaporate, and it may be that in just a few years time we’re going to observe that in a particle accelerator and realize he was right.

Astronomers at the Australian National University recently announced the discovery of a supermassive black hole thought to have the mass of 20 billion suns.