TERRAFORMING

Visit our sponsor, Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ Venus is a desolate scorching world on which no life can exist. Yet if it can be cooled down, there is no other planet we know of more suitable for terraforming and colonization. We will examine methods of cooling Venus down and preparing it to be settled in the future. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur SFIA Merchandise available: https://www.signil.com/sfia/ Social Media: Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/winter-on-venus Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/winter-on-venus-narration-only Credits: Winter on Venus Episode 207, Season 5 E41 Written by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Darius Said Jerry Guern S. Kopperud Cover Art Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Graphics by Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana Kris Holland (Mafic Studios) www.maficstudios.com Kristijan Tavcar https://www.miragedereve.com Sam McNamara of Rapid Thrash Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc Tristan3D Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur Music Manager Luca DeRosa - [email protected] Music: Markus Junnikkala, "Hail the Victorious Dead" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/ Aerium, "The Islands moved while I was asleep" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ Dan MacLeod, "Lucky" https://soundcloud.com/neptuneuk Markus Junnikkala, "The Men Would love a good fight" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/ Lombus, "Doppler Shores" https://lombus.bandcamp.com Paradox Interactive, "In Search of Life" https://www.paradoxplaza.com Ross Bugden, "Revelation" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQKGLOK2FqmVgVwYferltKQ

To discover more go to http://lego.build/CITYSpace Humanity’s future is glorious. As we master space travel, we’ll hop from one lifeless world to the next. Life will blossom in our path and the galaxy with shimmer with beautiful Earth-like orbs. Hmmm… maybe. This won’t sound so far fetched if we prove we can do it at least once. If we successfully terraform Mars. Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Murilo Lopes Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber Produced By: Kornhaber Brown Support Space Time on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Check out the new Space Time Merch Store! https://pbsspacetime.com/ We already have the technology to bring humans safely to Mars and set up small settlements - or at least could do within a generation. But those settlements will need to be cocooned - shielded against the deadly cold, intense radiation, and the fatal lack of atmospheric pressure. Surely if we want to thrive on Mars – to make it into our second home – these settlers, or their descendants, will need to be able open the airlocks, shed their spacesuits, and step out onto a survivable surface. We’ll need to terraform Mars, as our first step in terraforming the galaxy. Red Iris Mars habitat by James Telfer: http://bit.ly/JamesTelferRedIris Want Even More Great Space Content? Check out the Exciting Summer of Space Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... Big Bang Supporters: Alexander Tamas Anton Lifshits David Nicklas Fabrice Eap Juan Benet Morgan Hough Quasar Supporters: Mark Heising Mark Rosenthal Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters: Chuck Zegar Danton Spivey Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Hank S John Hofmann John R. Slavik Jordan Young Joseph Salomone Matthew Matthew O'Connor Syed Ansar Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien Hatch Adrian Molyneux Alexey Eromenko Andreas Nautsch Bradley Jenkins Brandon Labonte Carlo Mogavero Dan Warren Daniel Lyons David Behtala DFaulk Dustan Jones Geoffrey Short James Flowers James Quintero John Funai John Pollock Jonah Jonathan Nesfeder Joseph Dillman Josh Thomas Kevin Lee Kevin Warne Kyle Hofer Malte Ubl Mark Vasile Nathan Hitchings Nicholas Nachefski Nick Virtue Paul Rose Scott Gossett Sigurd Ruud Frivik Taras Vozniuk Tim Jones Tim Stephani Yurii Konovaliuk سلطان الخليفي

How to turn Mars into another Earth? #Terraforming For more videos, follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNaturePage/

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a concept known as albedo - super important but not well understood. Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdamath Space Engine is available for free here: http://spaceengine.org Enjoy and please subscribe. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: https://amzn.to/2LZFQCJ Video Card: https://amzn.to/2M1W26C Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2JYGiQQ RAM: https://amzn.to/2Mwy2t4 PSU: https://amzn.to/2LZcrIH Case: https://amzn.to/2MwJZz4 Microphone: https://amzn.to/2t5jTv0 Mixer: https://amzn.to/2JOL0oF Recording and Editing: https://amzn.to/2LX6uvU Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Specifically, great thanks to the following members: Mayumi Tim Sageser Lilith Dawn William Marin Templeton Mark Teranishi Sam Reed Nick Dolgy Luminger Unexpectedbooks.com Greg Lambros Lauren Smith Michael Tiganila Jordan Michael Mitsuda Lyndon Riley Galaxia Dave Blair Jer Alexander Leimbeck Leo Wehrli Sander Stols Konrad Kummli Kai Raphahn Sergio Ruelas Daniel Rosvall Olegas Budnik Tracy Burgess Gordon Cooper Chase Staggs Moonic Jayjay Volz Jason Neuschmid Alexander Mahrt AA Robert MacDonald Becky Steven Adrian Sierra Galant Human George Williams Shinne Giovanni Perryman Zachary Fluke Justin Fortune Anataine Deva Bob Davies Jakub Glos Arikkat A Unnikrishnan Honey Suzanne Lyons Steve Wotton Aneliya Pancheva Angelina Werner Steve Aiello Michael Rucker Tom Warren Xyndicate Bodo Graßmann Liam Moss Michael Koebel Gary Steelman Shelley Passage Andrey Vesnin MrR Rock Howard Daniel Coleman Matthew Lazear Jakub Rychecky Shaun Cahill Silvan Wespi Check the Patreon page to join.

Anthony Muscatello Terraforming Mars with Self-Replicating Robots and Oxygen From the 21st Annual International Mars Society Convention, held at the Pasadena Convention Center in Southern California from Aug 23-26, 2018. The four-day International Mars Society Convention brings together leading scientists, engineers, aerospace industry representatives, government policymakers and journalists to talk about the latest scientific discoveries, technological advances and political-economic developments that could help pave the way for a human mission to the planet Mars. #MarsTerraforming #MarsInSituResourceUtilization #MarsMaterials

Sure, Mars colonization is possible with us living in indoors in giant domes, but the whole thing would certainly be easier if the planet’s atmosphere was somehow made more like Earth’s. https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/no-terraforming-mars-soon/ http://www.wochit.com This video was produced by YT Wochit News using http://wochit.com

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The Case for Mars explores the different discoveries that are taking place on the Red Planet. In this episode, we continue the discussion on Terraforming Mars. We discuss whether or not plants would be able to survive on Mars, and what we would need to do in order to keep them alive. We also look into other means of creating oxygen on Mars, such as NASA's MOXIE experiment, and see what problems are with the current solutions. Thanks for watching! And subscribe if you enjoy this series Twitter: https://twitter.com/wolf_martian Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/MartianWolf Heading Home by Nekzlo @nekzlo Music provided by Free Music for Vlogs youtu.be/YGL35p7LLqo ------------------------------ • Contact the artist: @nekzlo www.instagram.com/nekzlo/ twitter.com/Nekzlo_Music open.spotify.com/artist/75LSn0DiQyH6LnHBT8fOEK ------------------------------

The Case for Mars explores the different discoveries that are taking place on the Red Planet. In this episode, we continue the discussion on Terraforming Mars. We discuss where water is hiding on Mars, what needs to happen to make that water liquid, and what that might effect in terms of the overall atmosphere. Thanks for watching! And subscribe if you enjoy this series Twitter: https://twitter.com/wolf_martian Heading Home by Nekzlo @nekzlo Music provided by Free Music for Vlogs youtu.be/YGL35p7LLqo ------------------------------ • Contact the artist: @nekzlo www.instagram.com/nekzlo/ twitter.com/Nekzlo_Music open.spotify.com/artist/75LSn0DiQyH6LnHBT8fOEK ------------------------------

The Case for Mars explores the different discoveries that are taking place on the Red Planet. In this episode, we continue the discussion on Terraforming Mars. We discuss why Mars no longer has a Magnetosphere, what we need to do in order to protect the Martian atmosphere from solar winds. Thanks for watching! And subscribe if you enjoy this series Heading Home by Nekzlo @nekzlo Music provided by Free Music for Vlogs youtu.be/YGL35p7LLqo ------------------------------ • Contact the artist: @nekzlo www.instagram.com/nekzlo/ twitter.com/Nekzlo_Music open.spotify.com/artist/75LSn0DiQyH6LnHBT8fOEK ------------------------------

The Case for Mars explores the different discoveries that are taking place on the Red Planet. In this episode, we begin our discussion on Terraforming Mars. We discuss the greenhouse effect, actual methods of raising the temperature on Mars, and how effective some of these solutions actually are. Thanks for watching! And subscribe if you enjoy this series

The Case for Mars explores the different discoveries that are taking place on the Red Planet. In this episode, we begin our discussion on Terraforming Mars. We discuss the differences between the Earth's atmosphere, and the Martian atmosphere, what needs to happen to effectively increase an atmosphere, and some of the greatest challenges along the way. Thanks for watching! And subscribe if you enjoy this series

One way to help us live on Mars would be to terraform the planet. Some scientists think we might be able to do that by giving it a new magnetic field! Host: Caitlin Hofmeister ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Kelly Landrum Jones, Sam Lutfi, Kevin Knupp, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلط الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick Merrithew, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://livestream.com/viewnow/vision2050/videos/150701155 https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf https://phys.org/news/2017-03-nasa-magnetic-shield-mars-atmosphere.html https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/05/nasa-finds-evidence-of-a-vast-ancient-ocean-on-mars http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/29/world/climate-change-geoengineering/index.html http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/01/solar-shield-could-save-us-climate-change-its-sudden-collapse-would-doom-planet ---------- Images: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/real-martians-how-to-protect-astronauts-from-space-radiation-on-mars https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140511.html https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/21360/ https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/chasma-boreale-and-the-north-polar-ice-cap https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars#/media/File:Magnetic_shield_on_L1_orbit_around_Mars.png https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/mms-in-space-concept https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/mms-in-space-concept https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_sunshade#/media/File:Space_lens.png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars#/media/File:MarsTransitionV.jpg

Mars is known as the Red Planet, but could we color it green? Learn more: http://pops.ci/ScdFRZ -- Producer/Video by: Jason Lederman Research/Narrator: Mary Beth Griggs Media Used (CC BY 3.0) https://youtu.be/4qltnoEnigA -- FOLLOW POPULAR SCIENCE https://www.popsci.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/popsci Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/popsci Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/popsci Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/popularscience Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/popularscience

We are joined by John Amabile author of, "Changing the Worlds" to talk about his plan to colonize the solar system in one lifetime. More than just colonization, also terraforming plants like Venus and Mars. Launches: Atlas V Launches NROL-52 News: Huge Lunar Lavatube Found Blue Origin Test Fires Largest Methane Rocket Engine A New Round of Results From Cassini === CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION === Twitter.com/TMRO Facebook.com/TMROTV YouTube.com/TMRO Reddit.com/r/tmro Twitch.tv/TMRO TMRO.tv === OUR REAL-TIME DISCORD CHANNEL === All of the TMRO Shows are created and maintained in our Discord channel. Escape Velocity Patrons have access to a special room, but we also have free #general rooms that anyone can participate in. Join in for free at https://discord.gg/9NkkFWD === TMRO IS CROWD FUNDED === TMRO:Space is a crowd funded show. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over to http://www.patreon.com/tmro for information plus our all new goals and reward levels

Is there a way to make Mars develop a thicker atmosphere, warmer climate and liquid surface water? Well, maybe… NASA 360 joins Dr. James Green, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, as he discusses how a “magnetic shield” could potentially make Mars friendlier for human exploration. Learn more about exciting ideas and visions for the future of solar system exploration at: www.livestream.com/viewnow/Vision2050

It's going to be a lot easier to colonize Mars if we can terraform it first. The first step would be to give Mars a thicker atmosphere, which means it will need a magnetic field, or magnetosphere, to protect it. Here's how we would do that. ________________________________ VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS How Far Away Is The Moon? https://youtu.be/8KkQCv9opJw What is Quantum Spin? https://youtu.be/sB1EPGmpzyg ________________________________ RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS PBS Space Time on Mars: https://youtu.be/o8TCUGDltqM https://youtu.be/jowVq81AgGw https://youtu.be/vLR_a1MAy9I ________________________________ HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS ** Clint Cloys, Rick Finn, Nikko Lai, Andrew Goodrich, Nicholas Ursa, Leo Lund, Evgeny Ivanov, Preston From ** ________________________________ SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook): https://gumroad.com/l/ubSc Merchandise: http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/ ________________________________ OTHER SOURCES https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Mechanics/lagpt.html https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/ https://livestream.com/viewnow/vision2050/videos/150701155 https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf ________________________________ LINKS TO COMMENTS Featured Comment - Bill DeWitt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB1EPGmpzyg&lc=z23nhxsorzbgtt5qq04t1aokges3e1e0ofimi2xsyf4srk0h00410 ________________________________ IMAGE CREDITS Mars: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARS-Viking.jpg https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00407 Space Telescopes: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/images.html https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/gallery/images/SOHOLower2.html https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/990293/index.html Mount Everest: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount-Everest.jpg

If we ever want to live on Mars, it's going to need to be a lot more human-friendly. Learn more about this story at www.newsy.com/70637/ Find more videos like this at www.newsy.com Follow Newsy on Facebook: www.facebook.com/newsyvideos Follow Newsy on Twitter: www.twitter.com/newsyvideos

Scientists think that in the future we may be able to transform our grey, desolate moon in to a miniature version of Earth by using a method known as terraforming. But how? **REMEMBER TO SUBSCRIBE FOR MUCH MORE TO COME** Subscribe - https://www.youtube.com/c/V101Science Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/V101Science Twitter - https://twitter.com/V101Science Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/v101__science/ ----------------------------------------­­---------------------------------------­-­------------------- If you would like a copy of the script please send the request to - [email protected] The moon is a very common sight for most of life on Earth but also a familiar landscape for 12 incredibly brave astronauts, who each explored parts of its dead surface in the past. In the future more manned missions to land on the moon have been planned, but these explorers will still be wearing special spacesuits to allow them to survive the deadly vacuum of space. But what if there was a way in which you could walk on the moon without a spacesuit, instead take a leisurely stroll while looking up in to the sky and appreciating the beauty of our home planet, Earth. This might sound crazy but according to scientists this idea could one day be a reality. Scientists think that in the future we may be able to transform our grey, desolate moon in to a miniature version of Earth by using a method known as terraforming. This would take a very long time, require huge advancements in technology and huge monetary funds to make possible, but if it was achieved then the moon would be then become a hospitable place for life to exist. However, terraforming the moon would not be an easy process. The temperature at its surface massively changes from day to night, It can reach a scorching 123 C in the direct sunlight (around 250 F) and a frigid -153 C (243 F) when darkness falls. It has a very weak atmosphere that consists of many gases, including sodium and potassium which are not found in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars or Venus. It doesn't boast the gravitational forces required to retain a strong atmosphere for long periods of time and this means there's no surface pressure. The gravity is much lower than Earths which potential could affect the physical health of humans over time and the lack of magnetic field allows harmful radiation from the sun to bombard its surface................................................... Attributions - Super Moon- Michael Black (Vimeo) Day to night Moon - ESA/Hubble Astronauts - NASA Giant Comet - ESA/Hubble Flying over Iceland - Yannick Calonge (Vimeo) Music - "MERCURY" - DL Sounds Intro "Hurry Up" YouTube Audio Library (Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0)

In National Geographic Channel’s “Mars: Making the New Earth”, award winning writer/producer Mark Davis and legendary Mars animator Dan Maas collaborate with McKay on the first in depth visualization of what it would take to turn a cold, dead planet into a living world. ---- This channel offers you full episodes of high quality documentaries. Enjoy and don't forget to subscribe 🙂 ---- Other channels you might be interested in: criminals and crimefighters: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYuXyzwA_w4-c1FJrqOnR0A hazards and catastrophes: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5WE_bClugxSVG1ENir8qzg

NASA might have a plan to make Mars habitable, and it would involve a giant space magnet. We Found New Planets. No, You Can't Live There - https://youtu.be/9IEteg3ms3g Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Read More: Mars' atmosphere stripped by solar winds, NASA says https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/science/space/mars-atmosphere-stripped-away-by-solar-storms-nasa-says.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=960DFDF31E5F9677BB724A1705737078&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now Maven Mission reveals speed of solar wind stripping martian atmosphere http://news.agu.org/press-release/maven-mission-reveals-speed-of-solar-wind-stripping-martian-atmosphere/ NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission has identified the process that appears to have played a key role in the transition of the Martian climate from an early, warm and wet environment that might have supported surface life to the cold, arid planet Mars is today. It's Official: NASA Announces Mars' Atmosphere Was Stripped Away by Solar Winds http://www.sciencealert.com/live-updates-nasa-is-announcing-what-happened-to-mars-atmosphere-right-now We finally have an understanding of how Mars transformed from a once habitable, Earth-like planet into the dry world we see today. NASA researchers have just announced that Mars' once rich atmosphere was stripped away by solar winds in the early days of the Solar System, causing the planet to dry out. A future Mars environment for science and exploration http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf This may sound "fanciful" but new research is starting to emerge revealing that a miniature magnetosphere can be used to protect humans and spacecraft. Writer: Alex Parkin ____________________ Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Watch More Seeker on our website http://www.seeker.com/shows/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Seeker on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SeekerMedia/ Seeker on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI

MARS — NASA scientists think it is possible to restore Mars’ oceans by creating an artificial magnetic field that sits in front of the planet. The concept was shared in NASA’s Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop. Scientists think it is possible to place an inflatable structure that generates a magnetic dipole field at the Mars L1 Lagrange Point to form an artificial magnetic shield to protect the planet from solar wind and radiation. Under this protection, the Martian atmosphere could become thick enough to melt carbon dioxide ice at the northern pole. In time, the atmosphere could spark a greenhouse gas effect that could restore some of Mars’ oceans. ----------------------------------------­----------------------------------------­---------------- Go to https://www.patreon.com/tomonews and become a Patron now TomoNews is now on Patreon and we've got some cool perks for our hardcore fans. TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before. Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter See a story that should be animated? Tell us about it! Suggest a story here: http://bit.ly/suggest-tomonews Stay connected with us here: Facebook http://www.facebook.com/TomoNewsUS Twitter @tomonewsus http://www.twitter.com/TomoNewsUS Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/ Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus -~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc -~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

"The punctuated evolution and enigmatic resilience of plate tectonics: Novel controls on the dynamics and surprising longevity of Earth's habitability" presented by Mark Jellinek EXPANDING VIEWS ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE BIOSPHERE The emergence of biosphere on Earth, and possibly elsewhere in the universe, remains one of the great unsolved scientific questions. Research into the origin and subsequent evolution of life takes place across an array of scientific disciplines, including but not limited to planetary sciences, astronomy, theoretical physics, chemistry and biology. The goal of the Symposium is to provide a forum for diverse perspectives and unify the fragmentary knowledge stemming from a single discipline. Accordingly, the program features talks and discussions aimed at understanding the nature of life, constraints of habitability, early Earth environments, systems chemistry, structure and attributes of early life. The Symposium will gather eminent investigators as well as provide opportunities for early-career scientists to present their findings in a poster format and exchange ideas in discussion sessions.

A look at advanced means of altering or controlling the planet's climate and geography, drawing on concepts proposed for terraforming other planets. We look at existing and proposed ideas of controlling the weather, creating artificial islands or mountain ranges, using orbital mirrors and shades, and many other concepts. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join the Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Visit the sub-reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/weather-control Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier

Game website http://universesandbox.com/ Steam http://store.steampowered.com/app/230290/ WHAT IF WE COULD TERRAFORM VENUS || universe sandbox² •••• become a patron https://www.patreon.com/IrishTrekkie --- https://twitter.com/IDShenanigames 2nd channel --- https://www.youtube.com/IrishTrekkie intro - outro 8-Bit March by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org

Hello and welcome to What Da Math! In this video, we will talk about terraforming of the beautiful Europa - the moon of Jupiter. Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h Enjoy and please subscribe. Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

Until recently, scientists thought the moon had no atmosphere, but it actually does! What's it made of and can it be made to support life? How the Lunar Module Launched from the Moon Without a Flame- https://youtu.be/QsLtAUb1-Lw Why Does Earth Only Have One Moon? - https://youtu.be/2HoVa2-PLCM Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Discovery GO - http://smart.link/57ae195b47796 Read More: Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon? https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LADEE/news/lunar-atmosphere.html#.WAFEj5MrI_V "What is the moon's atmosphere made of? We have some clues. The Apollo 17 mission deployed an instrument called the Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment (LACE) on the moon's surface. It detected small amounts of a number of atoms and molecules including helium, argon, and possibly neon, ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide." Mars Lost Atmosphere to Space as Life Took Hold on Earth http://www.space.com/31031-mars-atmosphere-discovery-nasa-maven.html "Observations by NASA's Mars rover Curiosity and other spacecraft have shown that the Red Planet was relatively warm billions of years ago, with extensive lake-and-stream systems and perhaps even a large ocean that covered much of the Martian surface." How Do We Terraform The Moon? http://www.universetoday.com/121140/could-we-terraform-the-moon/ "Ever since the beginning of the Space Age, scientists and futurists have explored the idea of transforming other worlds to meet human needs. Known as terraforming, this process calls for the use of environmental engineering techniques to alter a planet or moon's temperature, atmosphere, topography or ecology (or all of the above) in order to make it more 'Earth-like.'" ____________________ DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily. Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/ Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews Seeker http://www.seeker.com/ Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Special thanks to Amy Shira Teitel for hosting and writing this episode of DNews! Check Amy out on Twitter: https://twitter.com/astVintageSpace

What exactly makes a journey to Mars so perilous? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

How can we make Mars, Venus, or some of the moons in our solar system more earth-like? Terraforming, of course! Watch More: This Rocket Failed to Put Soviets on the Moon ►►►► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuEvJ63-ckM Support Life Noggin on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/LifeNogginStudios?ty=h Follow Us! https://twitter.com/LifeNoggin https://facebook.com/LifeNoggin Click here to see more videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/lifenoggin Life Noggin is a weekly animated educational series. Whether it's science, pop culture, history or art, we explore it all and have a ton of fun doing it. Life Noggin Team: Animation by Steven Lawson Director/Voice: http://lifenogg.in/patgraziosi Executive Producer: http://lifenogg.in/IanDokie Director of Marketing: http://lifenogg.in/JaredOban Head Writer: http://lifenogg.in/KayleeYuhas Sources: http://quest.nasa.gov/mars/background/terra.html http://www.universetoday.com/127311/guide-to-terraforming/ http://www.universetoday.com/113346/how-do-we-terraform-mars/ http://quest.nasa.gov/mars/background/terra2.html http://www.space.com/31044-mars-terraforming-nasa-maven-mission.html http://earthsky.org/space/solar-wind-stripped-martian-atmosphere http://www.universetoday.com/113412/how-do-we-terraform-venus/ http://www.space.com/18527-venus-atmosphere.html http://www.universetoday.com/127311/guide-to-terraforming/ Written by Amy Shira Teitel

An exploration into concepts that could be used to colonize and terraform the planet Venus to make it a second Earth. Light Awash by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100175 Artist: http://incompetech.com/

✪✪✪✪✪ http://www.theaudiopedia.com ✪✪✪✪✪ What is TERRAFORMING? What does TERRAFORMING mean? TERRAFROMING meaning - TERRAFROMING definition - TERRAFROMING explanation. Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license. Terraforming (literally, "Earth-shaping") of a planet, moon, or other body is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying its atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology to be similar to the environment of Earth to make it habitable by Earth-like life. The concept of terraforming developed from both science fiction and actual science. The term was coined by Jack Williamson in a science-fiction story (Collision Orbit) published during 1942 in Astounding Science Fiction, but the concept may pre-date this work. Based on experiences with Earth, the environment of a planet can be altered deliberately; however, the feasibility of creating an unconstrained planetary environment that mimics Earth on another planet has yet to be verified. Mars is usually considered to be the most likely candidate for terraforming. Much study has been done concerning the possibility of heating the planet and altering its atmosphere, and NASA has even hosted debates on the subject. Several potential methods of altering the climate of Mars may fall within humanity's technological capabilities, but at present the economic resources required to do so are far beyond that which any government or society is willing to allocate to it. The long timescales and practicality of terraforming are the subject of debate. Other unanswered questions relate to the ethics, logistics, economics, politics, and methodology of altering the environment of an extraterrestrial world.

Episode 2 of 3 Check us out on Soundcloud! https://soundcloud.com/dnewsplus Please Subscribe! http://bit.ly/28iQhYC Discovery GO – http://smart.link/57ae195b47796 With its thin atmosphere, cold temperature and lack of drinkable water, maybe Mars isn't our first stop on the search for a new home planet. + + + + + + + + Previous Episode: When We Have To Leave Earth… Where Will We Go?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7X1AdSsMEjM + + + + + + + + B330: http://bigelowaerospace.com/b330/ “The B330 is an expandable space habitat manufactured by Bigelow Aerospace. The design was evolved from NASA's TransHab habitat concept. The B330 will have 330 cubic meters (12,000 cu/ft) of internal space.” Colonizing the Moon?: http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/colonizing-the-moon/ “Darby Dyar, professor of astronomy and geology at Mount Holyoke College, says the moon is to people today what the New World was to Europeans 600 years ago. “They had been there a few times,” said Dyar, “‘but it took time to work up the courage to send people there to stay.’” NLSI Lunar Science Conference (2008): http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/nlsc2008/pdf/2028.pdf “Exposure to space radiation will be a limiting factor in future manned missions to the moon. In contrast to the brief stays by the Apollo astronauts, in the coming decades humans will remain on the lunar surface for weeks and eventually months at a time.” Bad News for Terraforming: Mars' Atmosphere Is Lost in Space: http://www.space.com/31044-mars-terraforming-nasa-maven-mission.html “The hopes of turning Mars into a more Earth-like planet have just taken a hit. Science-fiction writers have long dreamed of terraforming Mars — changing the frigid Red Planet's climate to make it more suitable for human colonization.” Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather: http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html “Mars has a thin atmosphere — too thin to easily support life as we know it. The extremely thin air on Mars can also become very dusty. Giant dust storms can blanket the entire planet and last for months.” THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO TERRAFORMING: http://www.universetoday.com/127311/guide-to-terraforming/ “Terraforming. Chances are you’ve heard that word thrown around before, most likely in the context of some science fiction story. However, in recent years, thanks to renewed interest in space exploration, this word is being used in an increasingly serious manner.” + + + + + + + + DNews Plus is built for enthusiastic science fans seeking out comprehensive conversations on the geeky topics they love. Host Trace Dominguez digs beyond the usual scope to deliver details, developments and opinions on advanced topics like AI, string theory and Mars exploration. DNews Plus is also offered as an audio podcast on iTunes. + + + + + + + + Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/TraceDominguez DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/discoverynews DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/DNews + + + + + + + +

Excellent documentary discusses how Humans can Terraform Mars In the Next 50 years.

Turns out that some planets are fixer-uppers, this is about those little fellas.

It sounds like science fiction, but journalist Stephen Petranek considers it fact: within 20 years, humans will live on Mars. In this provocative talk, Petranek makes the case that humans will become a spacefaring species and describes in fascinating detail how we'll make Mars our next home. "Humans will survive no matter what happens on Earth," Petranek says. "We will never be the last of our kind." TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and much more. Find closed captions and translated subtitles in many languages at http://www.ted.com/translate Follow TED news on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tednews Like TED on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TED Subscribe to our channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/TEDtalksDirector

Terraforming Mars

I am a massive Mars nerd. Can you tell? How to Terraform Mars: An Analysis of Ecopoesis and Terraforming Research http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humbio01/s_papers/2001/budzik.pdf Subscribe for more videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/billygoatideas?sub_confirmation=1 billygoatideas on social media Music: Public Service Broadcasting - The Other Side Business email: [email protected] #Terraforming #TerraformingMars #Mars

This video gives an overview of various terraforming concepts and hurdles from those using near-horizon technologies to very advanced and speculative tech. Support the Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/cs05-terraforming-techniques Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier Learn More...... Martyn Fogg's Terraforming Page: http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/ The International Mars Research Station: http://marsbase.org Paul Birch Archive (hosted by Orion's Arm): http://www.orionsarm.com/fm_store/Paul%20Birch's%20Page.htm Discussion of using an artificial magnetosphere on Mars: http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf The song in the video is from Koalips "Rain on Mars" album: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Koalips/Rain_On_Mars/

Is there any possible way to take a black hole and terraform it to be a place we could actually live? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us on Tumblr: http://universetoday.tumblr.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - [email protected] Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE&feature=youtu.be In the challenge of terraforming the Sun, we all learned that outside of buying a Dyson Spaceshell 2000 made out of a solar system’s worth of planetbutter, it’s a terrible idea. Making a star into a habitable world, means first destroying the stellar furnace. Which isn’t good for anyone, “Hey, free energy! vs. Let’s wreck this thing and build houses!” Doubling down on this idea, a group of brilliant Guidensians wanted to crank the absurdity knob all the way up. You wanted to know if it would be possible to terraform a black hole. In order to terraform something, we convert it from being Britney Spears’ level of toxic into something that humans can comfortably live on. We want reasonable temperatures, breathable atmosphere, low levels of radiation, and Earthish gravity. With temperatures inversely proportional to their mass, a solar mass black hole is about 60 billionths of a Kelvin. This is just a smidge over absolute zero. Otherwise known as “pretty damn” cold. Actively feeding black holes can be surrounded by an accretion disk of material that’s more than 10 million degrees Kelvin, which would also kill you. Make a note, fix the temperature. There’s no atmosphere, and it’s either the empty vacuum of space, or the superheated plasma surrounding an actively feeding black hole. Can you breathe plasma? If the answer is yes, this could work for you. If not, we’ll need to fix that. You’d be hard pressed to find a more lethal radiation source in the entire Universe. Black holes can spin at close to the speed of light, generating massive magnetic fields. These magnetic fields whip high energy particles around them, creating lethal doses of radiation. There are high energy particle jets pouring out of some supermassive black holes, moving at nearly the speed of light. You don’t want any part of that. We’ll add that to the list. Black holes are known for being an excellent source of vitamin gravity. Out in orbit, it’s not so bad. Replace our Sun with a black hole of the same mass, and you wouldn’t be able to tell the difference. So, problem solved? Not quite. If you tried to walk on the surface, you’d get shredded into a one-atom juicy stream of extruded tubemanity before you got anywhere near the time traveling alien library at the caramel center. Reduce the gravity. Got it. As we learned in a previous episode on how to kill black holes, there’s nothing you can do to affect them. You couldn’t smash comets into it to give it an atmosphere, it would just turn them into more black hole. You couldn’t fire a laser to extract material and reduce the mass, it would just turn your puny laser into more black hole. Antimatter, explosives, stars, rocks, paper, scissors…black hole beats them all. Repeat after me. “Om, nom, nom”. All we can do is wait for it to evaporate over incomprehensible lengths of time. There are a few snags with this strategy, such as it will remain as a black hole until the last two particles evaporate away. There’s no point where it would magically become a regular planetoid. That’s a full list of renovations for the cast and crew of “Pimp my Black Hole”. Let’s look at our options. You can move it, just like we can move the Earth. Throw stuff really close to a black hole, and you get it moving with gravity. You could make it spin faster by dropping stuff into it, right up until it’s rotating at the edge of the speed of light, and you can make it more massive. With that as our set of tools, there’s no way we’re ever going to live on a black hole. It could be possible to surround a black hole with a Dyson Sphere, like a star. It turns out there’s a way to have a pet black hole pay dividends aside from eating all your table scraps, shameful magazines and radioactive waste. By dropping matter into a black hole that’s spinning at close to the speed of light, you can actually extract energy from it.

In the list of crazy hypothetical ideas, terraforming the Sun has to be one of the top 10. So just how would someone go about doing terraforming our sun, a star, if they wanted to try? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us on Tumblr: http://universetoday.tumblr.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - [email protected] Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE&feature=youtu.be In our series on terraforming other worlds. We’ve covered Mars, Venus, the Moon and Jupiter. Even though I solved the problem of how to terraform Jupiter, you’re welcome, science, you wanted to take things to the next level and you demanded I sort out how to terraform the Sun. Seriously? The Sun. Fine… here we go. Let’s see what we’ve got to work with here. It’s a massive ball of plasma, containing 333,000 times more mass than the Earth. It’s about 74% hydrogen and 25% helium with a few other trace elements. There’s no solid surface to stand on it, so we need to fix that. The average temperature on the surface of the Sun is about 5,500 Celsius, while the average temperature on Earth is about 15 C. Iron boils at only 2,800 degrees, so… that’s probably too hot. We’ll need to cool it down. The gravity on the surface of the Sun is 28 times the gravity of Earth. If you could stand on the surface of the Sun, which you can’t, you’d be crushed flat. Okay, so we’ll add reduce the gravity… check. There’s no breathable atmosphere, there’s no solid ground, the Sun generates deadly X-rays. Oh, and don’t forget about the terrible sunburns from the ultraviolet radiation. So, what’s the list? Hot fire unbreathable pressure cooker goo surface gravity crushing machine. Sounds impossible, or does it. First, the gas. As we covered in a previous episode, scientists have actually considered ways that you might extract the hydrogen and helium off of a star like the Sun, known as “stellar lifting”. There are a few ways you could work this. You could zap the surface of the Sun with a powerful laser, increasing the speed of solar wind in that area, forcing the Sun to throw its mass off into space. Another method is to set up powerful magnetic fields around the Sun’s poles, and channel its hydrogen into jets that blast out into space. I’m not sure how you actually set up those magnetic fields, but that’s not my problem. Once you’re done with the Sun, you’ve stripped away all its hydrogen and helium gas. What are you left with? About 5,600 times the mass of the Earth in heavier elements, like oxygen, silicon, gold, etc. Great! Except 5,600 sounds like a lot. Jupiter is only 316 times the mass of the Earth. We’re looking to reform a “planet” with more than 10 times the mass of Jupiter. And not only that, but we had to kill the Sun to make this work. You monsters. This is a terrible idea. What else could we do? If you’re a science fiction fan, you’ve heard of a Dyson Sphere. If not, you’ve got some TNG to catch up on. First proposed by Freeman Dyson, you cover an entire Sun in a metal ball. Instead of the measly amount of energy that falls on Earth, this would allow you to capture 100% of the energy released by the Sun: 384 yottawatts. According to Dyson and a variety of matheletes, you could dismantle all planets in the Solar System and build a sphere at a distance of 1 Earth radii at 8 to 20 centimeters thick. That would give you a surface area 550 million times more than the Earth. Although, building an actual rigid sphere is probably unfeasible because it would be pretty unstable and eventually collapse. It probably makes more sense to build a swarm of satellites surrounding the Sun, capturing its energy. We did a whole video on Dyson Spheres. Check it out here. So there you go. I just terraformed the Sun. I’m terrified about your next suggestion: how could you terraform a black hole? I guess that’ll be the next video. Would you like to live on my imagined terraformed Sun? If not, what about a Dyson Sphere or swarm? Thanks for watching! Never miss an episode by clicking subscribe. Our Patreon community is the reason these shows happen. We’d like to thank Nathan Miller and the rest of the members who support us in making great space and astronomy content. Members get advance access to episodes, extras, contests, and other shenanigans with Jay, myself and the rest of the team. Want to get in on the action? Click here.

What would it take to turn Mars into a planet hospitable for human life? Scientists have theorized a number of ideas, from large ice-melting space mirrors to landers that produce greenhouse gas. We have a question for YOU. What celestial body do you think we should terraform first? Share your thoughts in the comments below! ------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe to Fw:Thinking: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=fwthinking For the audio podcast, blog and more, visit the Fw:Thinking website: http://www.fwthinking.com Fw:Thinking on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/fwthinking Jonathan Strickland on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/jonstrickland Fw:Thinking on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FWThinking01 Fw:Thinking on Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/108500616405453822675/

So just what would it take to terraform Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us on Tumblr: http://universetoday.tumblr.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - [email protected] Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE&feature=youtu.be Just a few videos ago, I blew minds with a “How to” on terraforming the Moon. Once we’ve developed a Solar System spanning civilization and have claimed mastery over the laws of physics, and have common-place technology which staggers and dwarf our current comprehension of what’s possible it should be easy enough. In fact, it might even be easier than terraforming Mars or Venus, as long as you keep a steady flow of gas to the Moon replenishing the constantly escaping atmosphere. And in the comments on that video, ABitOfTheUniverse threw down , he wants to know what it would take to terraform Jupiter. All right “ABitOfTheUniverse”, if that is your real name… I’m up for it. On the surface, this is madness. We already explained how Jupiter is completely and totally inhospitable to life. An alien started a “Build a star kit” and stopped a ⅓ of the way through, because he got bored and wandered away. Just like his Mom said he would. Jupiter is a ball of hydrogen and helium, which compresses these gasses to almost starlike temperatures and pressures. Fine, Jupiter is the absolute worst. It makes traveling to Venus look like a spa visit. Jupiter does have something we can work with. Astronomers think below the septillions tons of hydrogen and gas, there’s actually a rocky core. The mass of the core is still a mystery, but recent computer simulations put it at somewhere between 7 and 45 times the mass of the Earth, complete with plenty of water ices and other chemicals you might require on an Earthlike planet. Furthermore, this core may contain similar constituents as the internal structure of Earth. This means a central core of iron and nickel, surrounded by liquid metal, surrounded by rock. The problem is you need to strip away 95% of the planet’s mass. It’s all that hydrogen and helium, and that’s pretty much impossible. And almost completely impossible, is still very slightly completely possible. Jupiter is made of fuel. It’s like looking at a pool of gasoline and wondering if there was some way to get rid of it all. What good Solar System-spanning civilization hasn’t worked out hydrogen fusion? It’s a technology that’s probably only 30 years away from us now. You could fly a spacecraft down into Jupiter’s gravity well and scoop up hydrogen fuel from the clouds. Or you could create fusion-powered dirigibles filled with hot hydrogen, which float around the cloud tops of Jupiter, using their fusion reactors to spew hydrogen off into space. Over untold lengths of time, you could get at that rocky juicy center, once you stripped it of its hydrogen. Then you’ll need to do all that other stuff I mentioned in previous videos, to turn it into a habitable world. Sure, it’s a world with much higher gravity than Earth, but that’s not my problem. You said “Earthlike”. That’ll teach you to make wishes with a monkey’s paw! What if you need to move Jupiter first, perhaps a little closer to the Sun. There’s an awesome idea cooked up by Larry Niven in his book, “A World Out of Time”. It’s a fusion candle, and it lets you shift gas giants around. You take a long space station, and light up fusion thrusters on both ends. You dip one end down into the upper clouds, where it siphons hydrogen fuel. Both ends of the space station start blasting. One end keeps it from dropping down into the planet, and the other end pushes on the entire planet, pushing it around the Solar System. Instead of trying to terraform Jupiter, we could just push the planet closer to the Sun, where its icy moons warm up and become habitable themselves.

What would it take to transform our moon into a world we could live on? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us on Tumblr: http://universetoday.tumblr.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Google+ - https://plus.google.com/+universetoday/ Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - [email protected] Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE&feature=youtu.be In our episode about terraforming Venus, we talked about cooling the planet with a giant sunshade, and then hand-wavingly bind up all that carbon dioxide. We did the same with Mars, filling the atmosphere with greenhouse gasses to warm it up, and releasing the planet’s vast stores of C02 to thicken the atmosphere. Then just crash in a few comets worth of water and upgrade them to to a 3 star resort. We’re pitching this as a new series on the Discovery Network, called “Flip My Planet - Canada”. Now let’s turn our imagination towards another rockball that is really more of a fixer-upper: The Moon. I know, you never even thought of the Moon as a place that we could possibly terra-renovate. Go ahead and imagine with me all the possibilities of a verdant green and blue little world hanging in the night sky. Doesn’t that sound great? So, what does it take? Do we tear it down and just use the orbital lot space? Should we raise it up and lay a new foundation? Or could we get away with a few coats of paint and adding an atrium on the backside? Fortunately for me, scientist and sci-fi author Gregory “Planetary Makeover” Benford has already done the math. Let’s take a look at what we’d need to get the Moon habitable. For starters, the fact that the Moon is so close to Earth is a huge advantage. This is like living on the same block as a Home Depot, and we won’t have to travel far to get supplies and equipment to and from our project. We’re going to need an atmosphere thick enough to breathe and trap in the Sun’s heat. This takes wild comet capture and harvest, tear them apart and smash them into the Moon. Benford notes that you probably want be careful not to let an entire comet collide with the Moon because it might spray your primary investment home with debris and do a little damage to the resale value, or potentially annoy your tenants. This could get bad enough that we’d have to terraform Earth to get it livable again, and you’d need to bring in Mike Holmes to publicly shame us and put our primary residence back in order. After you’d splattered a few comets on the Moon, it would have an atmosphere almost immediately. The transfer of momentum from the comet chunks would get the Moon rotating more rapidly. If you invest a little more in your planning stage, you could get the Moon spinning once every 24 hours, and even tilt its axis to get seasons. Benford estimates that we’d need 100 Halley’s mass comets to get the job done. This might sound like a pretty tall order, but it’s tiny compared to number of comets we’d need for your Mars or Venus real estate scheme. The maintenance and upkeep isn’t going to be without its challenges. Low gravity on the Moon means that it can’t hold onto its atmosphere for longer than a few thousand years. Once you got the process going, you’d need to be constantly replenishing our your orbital cottage with fresh atmosphere. Fortunately, we’ve got a whole Solar System’s worth of ice to exploit. The benefits of a terraformed summer home on the Moon are numerous. For example, if the Moon had an atmosphere as thick as the Earth’s, you could strap on a pair of wings and fly around in the 1/6th gravity. The enormous gravity of the Earth would pull the Moon’s oceans around the planet with 20 meter tides. You could surf the tide for kilometers as it washes across the surface in a miniature version of the shallow water scene in Interstellar. This might be the greatest sponsorship opportunity for GoPro of all time. Look out Kiteboarding, you’re about to get more extreme. Everyone always wants to talk about terraforming Venus or Mars. Let them be, that’s too much work. The next time someone brings it up at D&D night, you can blow their minds with your well crafted argument on why we want to start with the Moon.

Will We Live On The Moon? Back to The Moon: For Goods | Google Lunar XPRIZE In case you haven’t heard, the Moon is trending again… and in a big way. Like in the glory days of the 1960s and 1970s, our big white space neighbor is enjoying the attention of lunar explorers. Only this time, they’re going back to the moon for good. The Google Lunar XPRIZE full-dome planetarium show Back To The Moon For Good chronicles teams around the world competing for the largest incentivized prize in history, by landing a robotic spacecraft on the Moon for the first time in more than 40 years. To win the Google Lunar XPRIZE, a team must land a robotic spacecraft on the Moon, navigate 500 meters over the lunar surface, and send video, images and data back to Earth. This global competition is designed to spark imagination and inspire a renewed commitment to space exploration, not by governments or countries – but by the citizens of the world. The show opens with the first era of space exploration in the late 1960s and early 1970s. We see what that era of landers and orbiters taught us about our nearest neighbor including the discovery of the Moon’s origin, composition, structure and the accessibility of raw materials on its surface. The Google Lunar XPRIZE is introduced as the largest incentivized competition to date, designed to democratize space and create new opportunities for eventual human and robotic presence on the Moon. We see the engineering and innovation steps taken by the internationally distributed teams competing to land a spacecraft on the Moon and vie for additional prizes. We highlight the human spirit of competition and collaboration as teams take on this audacious challenge. Who will win the $30 million Google Lunar XPRIZE? The audience is taken through a successful launch, landing and lunar surface travel. The show ends with a stunning glimpse of a plausible scenario for our future on the Moon. * Subscribe for more Scientific & Technological Videos * Like & Share * go to our website http://www.advexon.com * Share your ideas and comment

A hypothetic future of our neighbour planet Venus. In this example, Venus might have been terraformed partially. Plants have been put onto the surface to produce oxygen after reducing pressure and heat. Please watch my other Videos for flights above Mars and Venus. Please enjoy my further animations of mars and Venus terraforming at https://youtu.be/5oSeGZNM4AA https://youtu.be/DJahK6kypG0 https://youtu.be/a0DOjIAk1LI https://youtu.be/0m3-CRjBEa0 https://youtu.be/mqRhawgcXjI https://youtu.be/iWk5WHmtGvM https://youtu.be/L-E_l23uzTo https://youtu.be/C3F_eEwvXgs

flight above the surface of a hypothetic terraformed mars. in this animation, a hypothetic atmosphere has been created by melting hidden ice after warming up the surface. additional heat might have been produced by using vast mirrors in space reflecting additional sunlight onto the surface before plant growth. Please enjoy my further animations of mars and Venus terraforming at https://youtu.be/5oSeGZNM4AA https://youtu.be/DJahK6kypG0 https://youtu.be/a0DOjIAk1LI https://youtu.be/0m3-CRjBEa0 https://youtu.be/P_jc8pBIAug https://youtu.be/mqRhawgcXjI https://youtu.be/L-E_l23uzTo https://youtu.be/C3F_eEwvXgs

Are there ways to terraform Mars -- that is, make it habitable for humans? Some scientists think so. They have big plans, but they also face some big obstacles. ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com Sources: http://meteorite.unm.edu/site_media/pdf/BringingLife.pdf http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast09feb_1/ http://www.fromquarkstoquasars.com/terraforming-mars/ http://www.universetoday.com/9730/zubrin-on-terraforming-mars/ http://science.howstuffworks.com/terraforming.htm http://www.pbs.org/exploringspace/mars/terraforming/no_flash.html http://io9.com/5868115/how-we-will-terraform-mars http://www.marssociety.org/home/press/news/howwewillterraformmars

One day, it might be possible to live on Mars without a spacesuit! How could this be possible? Trace explains the process of terraforming in order to one day live on the Red Planet. Get 15% off http://www.domain.com’s s domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout! Read More: How long can a human survive in outer space? http://science.howstuffworks.com/question540.htm “Outer space is an extremely hostile place. If you were to step outside a spacecraft, such as the International Space Station, or on a world with little or no atmosphere such as the moon or Mars without the protection of a space suit, then the following things would happen:” Here’s The Longest You Could Survive On Mars Wearing Only Jeans And A T-Shirt http://www.businessinsider.com/how-long-can-you-survive-on-mars-2013-9 “Mars is a cold world, full of deserts and containing very little oxygen or gravity.” Is it possible to terraform Mars? http://science.howstuffworks.com/terraform-mars.htm “Think of Mars as a massive fixer-upper. Sure, it's nowhere nearly as nice as our current planetary home, but perhaps with a little work we could live there.” How We Will Terraform Mars http://io9.com/5868115/how-we-will-terraform-mars “NASA's latest Mars rover, Curiosity, is currently its way to Mars, on a mission to explore whether life could exist there.” Should We Terraform Mars? http://www.universetoday.com/91920/should-we-terraform-mars/ “As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of habitation or colonization inevitably comes up.” Trouble With Terraforming Mars http://www.science20.com/robert_inventor/trouble_terraforming_mars-126407 “Most science fiction and news stories describe Mars terraforming as a long term but simple process.” Which Planet Would Be Easier to Terraform: Venus or Mars? http://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2013/09/12/outer_space_can_we_make_mars_or_venus_habitable.html “Simple answer: Mars, because it already has a day which is about the right length, and heating planets is easier than cooling them.” Terraforming and the Future of Humans in Space http://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/teaching/astr380f09/lecture27.pdf “Human colonization of other planets, even in our Solar System, is a long way away.” How to Terraform the Moon http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2014/07/terraforming_the_moon_it_would_be_a_lot_like_florida.2.html “As more comets arrive and pellets pelt down, the moon spins faster. From its lazy ‘day’ cycle of 28 days, it speeds up to a 60 hours—close enough to Earthlike, as they say, for government work.” Watch More: Using Salt to Find Life on Mars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJpdAm8C4kw TestTube Wild Card http://testtube.com/dnews/dnews-462-cool-sound-waves?utm_campaign=DNWC&utm_medium=DNews&utm_source=YT How Are We Looking for Aliens? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFwjoXKo9lE ____________________ DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily. Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Tara Long on Twitter https://twitter.com/TaraLongest Laci Green on Twitter http://twitter.com/gogreen18 DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews Discovery News http://discoverynews.com Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

It might be possible to terraform Venus some day, when our technology gets good enough. The challenges for Venus are totally different than for Mars. How will we need to fix Venus?

If we really want to live on Mars, we're going to need to do a complete renovation. We'll need to thicken the atmosphere, warm the planet, and get the liquid water flowing. What'll it take?